New Directions for Research in L2 WritingS. Ransdell, M.-L. Barbier GERT RIJLAARSDAM UniversityofAmsterdam & Utrecht University, the Netherlands Multilingualism is becoming the default in our global world. The present-day global citizens use different languages in different situations. Apart from their mother tongue, they learn languages that give them access to other regions, nations, and worlds. In all countries ofthe European Union, for instance, at least one foreign lan guage is mandatory in secondary schools. Most students are taught English as a for eign language, the lingua franca in Europe. In large parts of the USA, students move from Spanish to English schooling. In parts of Canada, bilingual education is stan dard. In Catalonia (Spain) children learn Catalonian and Spanish, in Hong Kong English and Chinese. The smaller the world becomes, the more languages are used and learned. For writing process research, this development into multilingualism entails at least two challenges. First ofall, studying the relation between writing in L1 and L2 provides an opportunity for collaborative studies, in different language settings. Second, the issue ofgeneralization of findings comes to the fore. It becomes evident now that we have unjustly neglected this issue in writing process research. We for got to ask whether it is feasible to talk about 'writing processes' in general, without referring to the language of the written texts, and without taking into account the educational and linguistic culture in which these texts originate. |
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academic activity analysis Barbier behaviors bilinguals classroom cognitive cognitive load collaborative writing competent non-natives composing processes composition conceptual correlated Cumming Dutch educational effects essay example experts Florida Atlantic University foreign language Giro d'Italia global planning goals grammatical graphic tablet guage Hmong ideas instruction interaction L1 and L2 L2 proficiency L2 writing learning Levy lexical literacy measures metacognitive metacognitive knowledge metaknowledge monolinguals native language notetaking novices participants pauses pilot study present study procedures production psycholinguistic Raimes Ransdell reading and writing reconstructed revision Rijlaarsdam Roca de Larios scores sd M sd second language acquisition Second Language Writing sentence Spanish spelling story structure Table teacher think-aloud tifosi tion topic University Uzawa variables vocabulary volume Whalen & Ménard word recognition writ writing ability writing fluency writing proficiency writing quality writing skill writing strategies writing task written texts Zamel