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GO TO BED WITH THE LAMB AND RISE WITH THE LARK.

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2494. GIN is adulterated with water, sugar, cayenne, cassia, cinnamon, grains of paradise, sulphuric acid, coriander seeds, angelica root, calken root, almond cake, orris root, cardamum seeds, orange peel, and grey and white salts, and is

to prevent the burning thereof, and also to preserve, as far as possible, their essential oils from destruction by heat, we see nothing to make our readers uncomfortable. Those who prefer the pure cocoa can obtain the "nibs," or more properly "beans," and grind them."fined by alum and salt of tartar. But many prefer the soluble cocoa, which is simply cocoa modified by admixture with less stimulating sub

stances.

2490. COFFEE.-Coffee is adulterated with chicory, roasted beans, peas, and acorns; but chiefly by chicory. Having your own mill, buy the roasted beans; find out a respectable grocer, ascertain his roasting-days, and always buy from a fresh roast. If you like the flavour of chicory, purchase it separately, and add to taste. Chicory in small quantities is not, as has been represented, injurious, but healthful: because the "taraxacum" root has been used medicinally, and its name has found a place in the Pharmacopoeia, it has been vulgarly set down as "physic," and thrown to the dogs. The tonic hop might be discarded upon the same pretext. Chicory is a healthful addition to coffee, but you need not pay the coffee price for it. Grind your coffee, and mix it with chicory for yourself.

2491. CONFECTIONS AND SWEETMEATS are coloured with poisonous ingredients. Avoid them; there is not the slightest necessity for running any risk.

2492. CURRY POWDERS are but an accumulation of adulterations :-adulterated pepper, adulterated coriander, adulterated cardamums, adulterated ginger, adulterated spices, and so on. With your spice-mill and grater, prepare your own from the seeds and roots. You will thereby obtain a curry powder, and be able to produce a curry, that will spread your reputation far and wide. 2493. CUSTARD AND EGG PowDERS contain wheat, potato, and rice flours, and are coloured with chrome yellow, or chromate of lead, and turmeric. They are not essential articles of household economy,

The best way is to purchase the unsweetened gin, for the sweetening is employed to disguise the flavour of various adulterations. If you examine gin through a clean glass, it should have no tint, either of a bluish or yellowish cast. The cheap gins should be avoided, and only respectable dealers should be resorted to.

2495. ISINGLASS.-Our chief object in noticing the adulteration of this article is to insure its purity in the making of cements, which is of the utmost importance. (See 2258.) Isinglass is a preparation from fishes' bladders, and it is found to be adulterated with gelatine. Take a few threads of the substance, drop some into boiling water, some into cold water, and some into vinegar. In the boiling water the isinglass will dissolve; in cold water it will become white and cloudy; " and in vinegar it will swell and become jelly-like. In boiling water gelatine will not so completely dissolve as isinglass; in cold water it becomes clear and jellylike; and in vinegar it will harden.

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2496. LARD is adulterated with potato flour, water, salts, carbonate of soda, and caustic lime. Take a small portion of the suspected lard, and evaporate it upon a hot iron pan or plate, when the admixed substances will be deposited thereon.

2497. MARMALADE is found to be adulterated with coarse apples, Swede turnips, and coarse pumpkins. These substances may be easily detected by washing off the saccharine matter in tepid water. Generally speaking, however, it is only the low-priced marmalades that are thus admixed.

2498. MILK is adulterated with water, and coloured with anatto.

2499. MUSTARD AND PEPPER are

852 EATING AND DRINKING SHOULDN'T KEEP US FROM THINKING.

both adulterated with inferior grain, husks of seeds, and even dust of a variety of descriptions. Having your pepper-mill, purchase the seed whole, and grind for yourself. You will then obtain the pure article at a moderate

cost.

2500. OATMEAL is adulterated with barley flour and the husks of barley. A pint of pure oatmeal will weigh heavier than a pint of the adulterated.

2501. PICKLES AND PRESERVES.These are found to be adulterated with various compounds; but the greatest evil lies in the fact that they are frequently impregnated with copper. To detect this, put some of the pickle, cut small, into a phial with two or three drachms of liquid ammonia, diluted with one half the quantity of water. Shake the phial, when, if the minutest portion of copper be present, the liquid will assume a fine blue colour. In the case of preserves, the copper probably proceeds from the use of copper pans in making the preserves; but with regard to pickles, copper is employed to improve their colour, and sulphuric acid to strengthen bad vinegar. The best way is to avoid purchasing the pickles sold in clear glass bottles, and presenting a most tempting appearance. Take your own jar, or jars, and you will find that you will get pure articles at little more than it would cost you to make pickles at home. We presume that in all large towns the pickle merchants adopt the same plan of selling pickles by the quart or gallon to those who may visit their establishments; and also that preserves (for those who do not make their own) may be obtained under equal advantages.

2502. POTTED MEATS AND FISH are adulterated with inferior substances, and coloured with bole armenian and Venetian red.

2503. PORTER AND ALE are adulterated with cocculus indicus, tobacco, grains of paradise, capsicum, ginger, quassia, wormwood, calamus root, carraway and coriander seeds, orange powder, liquorice, honey, sulphate of iron,

sulphuric acid, cream of tartar, alum, carbonate of potash, oyster shells, hartshorn shavings, fabia amara, or nux vo mica, and beans for fining. Beer which is quickly "heady," and rapidly intoxicating, may be regarded as drugged. The large brewers supply the purest beer. The publicans adulterate it after they receive supplies from the brewers.

2504. RUM is adulterated with water, and sharpened with cayenne pepper. Let it stand in a decanter, and if a cloudy precipitate is found at the bottom, that is a sign of adulteration.

2505. SAUSAGES.-The most offensive of all adulterations are found in these savory morsels. Horseflesh, diseased animals, and odds and ends of every description appear in the tempting guise of "sausages." To escape this evil, make your own sausages by the aid of the sausage machine, which may be purchased for 30s., and will enable you to add many savory morsels to the attraction of your table. The same machine may be used for CHOPPING VEGETABLES, which it will do to such perfection that they will perfectly dissolve in soups and stews, and afford most delicious made-dishes. And in this, as in the grinding of wheat, you will soon save the cost of the machine.

2506. SNUFF is adulterated with the chromate of potash, chromate of lead, various earths and colours, red lead, carbonate of ammonia, lime, powdered glass or silex, and powdered orris root.

2507. SUGAR is commonly adulterated with fine sand, sawdust, &c. Dissolve some of the sugar in a long, narrow ale-glass, and stir it until all the soluble parts have been thoroughly dissolved. Then allow it to stand for some hours. Sand will sink to the bottom, while sawdust will rise to the surface. Both the sand and the sawdust will be found to be very fine, but their presence will be sufficiently indicated. Loaf sugar is generally purer than moist sugar.

2508. TEA is adulterated with

WE SELDOM REPENT OF HAVING EATEN TOO LITTLE.

green.

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iii. Avoid bright-red peppers, spices, and sauces.

iv. Purchase spirits and beer of large dealers and brewers.

v. Avoid coloured confections,--especially those that are green, blue, or red.

vi. Weigh and measure your purchases when they are brought home. You will thus not only secure your just amount, but will arrive at a knowledge of the proper weights of pure articles, and be assisted in the rejection of the

leaves of the sycamore, horse-chest-pickles artificially raised to a bright nut, and plum; with lye tea, which is made up of tea-dust, sand, and gum, to give it consistency; also with leaves of the beech, bastard plane, elm, poplar, willow, fancy oak, hawthorn, and sloe. It is coloured with blacklead, rose pink, Dutch pink, vegetable red and yellow dyes, arsenite of copper, chromate and bichromate of potash. Green teas are more adulterated than black. They are coloured with Prussian blue, turmeric, Chinese yellow, &c., flavoured with sulphate of iron, catechu gum, la veno beno, and Chinese botanical pow-spurious. der. Tea leaves that have been once 2513. Bread contains eighty nuused are collected, "doctored," and tritious parts in 100; meal, thirty-four again sold as fresh tea. Obtain some in 100; French beans, ninety-two in genuine leaves of tea, moisten them, 100; common beans, eighty-nine in and lay them out with gum upon 100; peas, ninety-three in 100; lenpaper. Press them between the leaves tils, ninety-four in 100; cabbages and of books until dry. When you sus-turnips, the most aqueous of all the pect a sample of tea, damp and unroll vegetables compared, produce only the leaves, and gum and dry them as the genuine ones,-you will then be able, by comparison, to detect the admixture.

eight pounds of solid matter in 100 pounds; carrots and spinach produce fourteen in the same quantity; whilst 100 pounds of potatoes contain twentyfive pounds of dry substance. From a general estimate it results, that one

2509. TOBACco is adulterated with rhubarb, potato, coltsfoot, dock leaves, sawdust, malt combings, and medi-pound of good bread is equal to two cinals. The leaves may be unrolled and compared, as recommended in the case of tea.

2510. WINES are adulterated with the juice of elderberries, gooseberries, hop champagne, cider, the juices of various fruits, known as British wines, and coloured by means of logwood, burnt sugar, and other ingredients.

2511. THE RESULT of these inquiries proves that a majority of articles sold are adulterated. But it is also proved that a majority of the substances used for adulterations are not positively injurious, though they are fraudulently substituted for the genuine article.

2512. THE FOLLOWING ARE HINTS which, if acted upon, will turn these discoveries to practical account :—

i. Grind your own wheat, and make your bread at home.

ii. Avoid green pickles; that is,

pounds and a half or three pounds of potatoes; that seventy-five pounds of bread and thirty of meat may be substituted for 300 pounds of potatoes. The other substances bear the following proportions; four parts of cabbage to one of potatoes; three parts of turnips to one of potatoes; two parts of carrots and spinach to one of potatoes; and about three parts and a half of potatoes to one of rice, lentils, beans, French beans, and dry peas.

2514. Use of Fruit. - Instead of standing in any fear of a generous consumption of ripe fruits, we regard them as conducive to health. We have no patience in reading the endless rules to be observed in this particular department of physical comfort. No one ever lived longer or freer from disease, by discarding the fruits of the land in which he finds a home. On the contrary, they are necessary to the pre

354 HE WHO SERVES WELL NEED NOT BE AFRAID TO ASK HIS WAGES.

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2518. A Table of the Number of Days, from any Day of any one Month to the same Day of any other Month.

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What is the number of days from 10th October to 10th July? Look in the upper line for October, let your eye descend down that column till you come opposite to July, and you will find 273 days, the exact number of days required.

Again, Required the number of days from 16th February to the 14th August?

Under February, and opposite to August, is

From which subtract the difference between 14 and 16

The exact number of days required is

181 days.

2 days.

179 days.

N.B.-In Leap Year, if the last day of February comes between, add one day for the day over to the number in the Table.

2519. For Mistresses and Servants: Table of Expenses, Income,

and Wages.

Showing at one view what any sum, from £1 to £1,000 per Annum, is per Day, Week, or

Month.

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2520. Interest Table for Savings, Investments, &c. Showing what any sum, from £1 to £500, will produce for a given number of days, which may be, by simple addition, calculated at £5 per cent. for Months or Years, for sums up to £5,000 or any other amount.

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