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GUARD THE FOOT, AND THE HEAD WILL SELDOM HARM.

wine of antimony, one drachm and a half; wine of ipecacuanha, one drachm and a half; syrup of tolu, half an ounce : dose as last.

11. Decoction of broom, half a pint; cream of tartar, one ounce; tincture of squills, two drachms: in dropsies; a third part three times a day.

12. Pills of soap and opium, five grains for a dose, as directed.

13. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, seven to twelve grains for a dose, as directed.

14. Battley's solution of opium, from ten to forty drops; camphor mixture, an ounce and a half: in a draught at bedtime.

15. Ammoniated tincture of valerian, six drachms; camphor mixture, seven a fourth part three times a day; in spasmodic and hysterical disorders.

Ounces:

16. Disulphate of quina, half a drachm; dilute sulphuric acid, twenty drops; compound infusion of roses, eight ounces two tablespoonfuls every four hours, in intermittent and other fevers, during the absence of the paroxysm.

17. Almond mixture, seven ounces and a half; wine of antimony and ipecacuanha, of each one drachm and a half: a tablespoonful every four hours; in cough with fever, &c.

18. Calomel, one grain; powdered white sugar, two grains; to make a powder to be placed on the tongue every two or three hours. Should the calomel act on the bowels, powdered kino is to be substituted for the sugar.

19. Antimony and ipecacuanha wines, of each an ounce; a teaspoonful every ten minutes till it vomits: but for an adult a large tablespoonful to be taken. 20. Compound infusion of roses, seven ounces; tincture of myrrh, one ounce. 21. Decoction of bark, six ounces; aromatic confection, one drachm; tincture of opium, five drops.

22. Infusion of orange peel, seven ounces; tincture of hops, half an ounce; and a drachm of carbonate of soda: two tablespoonfuls twice a day. Or, infusion of valerian, seven ounces;

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carbonate of ammonia, two scruples; compound tincture of bark, six drachms; spirits of ether, two drachms: tablespoonful every twenty-four hours. 23. Blue pill, four grains; opium, half a grain: to be taken three times a day.

24. FOR A CLYSTER.-A pint and a half of gruel or fat broth, a tablespoonful of castor oil, one of common salt, and a lump of butter; mix, to be injected slowly. A third of this quantity enough for an infant.

25. Chalk mixture, seven ounces; aromatic and opiate confection, of each one drachm; tincture of catechu, six drachms: two tablespoonfuls every two hours.

26. Carbonate of soda, powdered rhubarb, and Castile soap, each one drachm; make thirty-six pills; three twice a day.

27. LOTION. Common salt, one ounce; distilled water, seven ounces; spirits of wine, one ounce: mix.

28. Dried sulphate of magnesia, six drachms; heavy carbonate of magnesia, two drachms; wine of colchicum, two drachms; water, eight ounces: take two tablespoonfuls every four hours.

29. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, ten grains; powdered guaiacum, four grains in a powder at bedtime.

30. Brandish's solution of potash; thirty drops twice a day in a wineglass of beer.

31. Disulphate of quina, half a drachm; dilute sulphuric acid, ten drops; compound infusion of roses, eight ounces: two tablespoonfuls every four hours, and as a tonic in the stage of weakness succeeding fever.

32. Flowers of sulphur, two ounces; hog's lard, four ounces; white hellebore powder, half an ounce; oil of lavender, sixty drops.

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33. Hydriodate of potass, two drachms; distilled water, eight ounces.

34. Flowers of sulphur, half a drachm; carbonate of soda, a scruple; tartarized antimony, one-eighth of a grain: one powder, night and morning, in eruptions of the skin or face.

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BETTER PAY THE COOK THAN THE DOCTOR.

35. Milk of bitter almonds, seven ounces; bichloride of mercury, four grains; spirits of rosemary, one ounce : bathe the eruption with this lotion three times a day.

36. Sulphate of zinc, two scruples; sugar of lead, fifteen grains; distilled water, six ounces: the parts to be washed with the lotion two or three times a day. 37. Carbonate of iron, six grains; powdered rhubarb, four grains: one powder night and morning.

38. Elecampane powder, two ounces; sweet fennel-seed powder, three ounces; black pepper powder, one ounce; purified honey, and brown sugar, of each two ounces: the size of a nutmeg, two or three times a day.

39. Sulphate of zinc, twelve grains; wine of opium, one drachm; rose water, six ounces.

taken every three or four hours whilst in pain.

49. Balsam of copaiba, half an ounce; powdered cubebs, half an ounce; solution of potass, three drachms; powdered acacia, two drachms; laudanum, twenty drops; cinnamon water, seven ounces; one tablespoonful three times a day.

50. Tartarized antimony, two grains; sulphate of magnesia, six drachms; nitrate of potass, one drachm; compound tincture of cardamoms, half an ounce; water, eight ounces.

51. Lime water, two ounces; calomel, one scruple: make a lotion, to be applied by means of soft lint.

52. Blue pill, five grains; powdered opium, half a grain: two pills at night and one in the morning.

53. Biniodide of mercury, two grains; hydriodate of potass, one drachm; extract of sarsaparilla, one ounce; water, eight ounces: one tablespoonful three times a day.

40. Common salt, one ounce; water, four ounces; spirits of wine and vinegar, each two ounces: the parts to be bathed or rubbed with this lotion fre- 54. Sulphate of zinc, twenty-four quently. grains, in a wineglass of water; to be 41. Spirit of wine and distilled vine-given for an emetic, and repeated if gar, each one ounce; rose water, six necessary. ounces: the parts to be kept constantly damp with the lotion.

42. Linseed oil and lime water, equal quantities; anoint the injured parts frequently with a feather.

43. Sulphate of magnesia, six drachms; sulphate of iron, ten grains; diluted sulphuric acid, forty drops; tincture of cardamoms (compound), half an ounce; water, seven ounces: a fourth part night and morning.

44 Decoction of oak bark, a pint; dried alum, half an ounce: for an injection, a syringeful to be used night and morning.

45. Compound gamboge pill, and a pill of assafoetida and aloes, of each half a drachm: make twelve pills; two twice or three times a week.

46. Griffiths' mixture. one tablespoonful three times a day.

47. Ergot of rye, five grains; in a powder, to be taken every four hours.

48. Powdered opium, half a grain; camphor, two grains: in a pill; to be

55. Dill water, one and a half ounces; volatile tincture of valerian, twenty drops; tincture of castor, one drachm; spirits of sulphuric ether, twenty drops: make a draught, to be taken three times a day.

56. Syrup of poppies, oxymel of squills, of each one ounce; solution of potass, two drachms: a teaspoonful frequently.

57. Syrup of balsam of tolu, two ounces; the muriate of morphia, two grains; muriatic acid, twenty drops: a teaspoonful twice a day.

58. Salts of tartar, two scruples; twenty grains of powdered cochineal; lb. of honey; water, half a pint : boil, and give a tablespoonful three times a day.

59. Calomel, ten grains; Castile soap, extract of jalap, extract of colocynth, of each one scruple; oil of juniper, five drops make into fifteen pills; one three times a day.

60. Infusion of orange peel, eight

HUNGER IS THE BEST SAUCE.

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ounces; carbonate of soda, one drachm; | kept for use in a wide-mouthed bottle, and compound tincture of cardamoms, and be in readiness for any emergency. half an ounce take a tablespoonful The druggist may be directed to treble three times a day, succeeding the pills. or quadruple the quantities, as conve61. Carbonate of iron, three ounces; nient. syrup of ginger, sufficient to make an electuary: a teaspoonful three times a day.

627. APERIENT PILLS.-To some adults all liquid medicines produce such nausea that pills are the only form in which aperients can be exhibited; the following is a useful formula:

62. Take of Castile soap, compound extract of colocynth, compound rhubarb pill, and the extract of jalap, of each-iii. Take of compound rhubarb pill a one scruple; oil of carraway, ten drops: make into twenty pills, and take one after dinner every day whilst necessary. 63. Spirit of rosemary, five parts; spirit of wine, or spirit of turpentine, | one part.

64. Take of thick mucilage, one ounce; castor oil, twelve drachms; make into an emulsion: add mint water, four ounces; spirit of nitre, three drachms; laudanum, one drachm; mixture of squills, one drachm; and syrup, seven drachms: mix; two tablespoonfuls every six hours.

625. Medicines (Aperient).— In the spring time of the year, the judicious use of aperient medicines is much to be commended.

626. SPRING APERIENTS. For children, an excellent medicine is-i. Brimstone and treacle, prepared by mixing an ounce and a half of sulphur, and half an ounce of cream of tartar, with eight ounces of treacle; and, according to the age of the child, giving from a small teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, early in the morning, two or three times a week. As this sometimes produces sickness, the following may be used:ii. Take of powdered Rochelle salts one drachm and a half, powdered jalap and powdered rhubarb each fifteen grains, ginger two grains; mix. Dose for a child above five years, one small teaspoonful; above ten years, a large teaspoonful; above fifteen, half the whole, or two teaspoonfuls; and for a person above twenty, three teaspoonfuls, or the whole, as may be required by the habit of the person. This medicine may be dissolved in warm water, mint, or common tea. The powder can be

drachm and one scruple, of powdered ipecacuanha ten grains, and of extract of hyoscyamus one scruple; mix, and beat into a mass, and divide into twentyfour pills: take one or two, or if of a very costive habit, three at bedtime.iv. For persons requiring a more powerful aperient, the same formula, with twenty grains of compound extract of colocynth, will form a good purgative pill. The mass receiving this addition must be divided into thirty, instead of twenty-four pills.

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628. BLACK DRAUGHT. - v. The common aperient medicine known as black draught is made in the following manner:- -Take of senna leaves six drachms, bruised ginger half a drachm, sliced liquorice root four drachms, Epsom salts two and a half ounces, boiling water half an imperial pint. Keep this standing on the hob or near the fire for three hours, then strain, and after allowing it to grow cool, add of sal volatile one drachm and a half, of tincture of senna, and of tincture of cardamoms, each half an ounce. (This mixture will keep a long time in a cool place.) Dose, a wineglassful for an adult; and two tablespoonfuls for young persons about fifteen years of age. It is not a suitable medicine for children.

629. TONIC APERIENT.-vi. Take of Epsom salts one ounce, diluted sulphuric acid one drachm, infusion of quassia chips half an imperial pint, compound tincture of rhubarb two drachms. Half a wineglassful for a dose twice a day.

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630. INFANTS' APERIENT. vii. Take of rhubarb five grains, magnesia

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VIOLENT PASSIONS LEAD TO GREAT DEPRESSIONS.

three grains, white sugar a scruple, 635. MEDICINES ARE MADE up by grey powder five grains; mix. Dose, troy weight, although drugs are bought for an infant from twelve to eighteen by avoirdupois weight, and of course months of age, from one-third to one-half you know that there are only twelve of the whole.-viii. A useful laxative ounces to the pound troy, which is for children is composed of calomel marked b.; then each ounce, which five grains, and sugar a scruple, made contains eight drachms, is marked 3i.; into five powders; half of one of these each drachm, containing three scruples, for a child from birth to one year, and is marked 3i.; and each scruple of a whole one from that age to three twenty grains is marked i. The grain years. weights are marked by little circles, 5 Grains each circle signifying a grain.

631. FLOUR OF BRIMSTONE is a mild aperient in doses of about a quarter Each of the grain weights, in of an ounce; it is best taken in milk. addition to the circles denoting Flour of brimstone, which is also called their several weights, bears also the stamp sublimed sulphur, is generally put up of a crown. Care must be taken not to in ounce packets at 1d.; its wholesale mistake this for one of the numerals. price is 4d. per pound. Besides these weights you will find others 632. Medicines.-PREPARATIONS marked ǝss, which means half a scruple ; OF THEM. The following directions 3ss, meaning half a drachm; and 3ss, are of the utmost value in connection meaning half an ounce. When there with the DOMESTIC PHARMACOPŒIA, are ounces, drachms, or scruples, the DISEASES, PRESCRIPTIONS, and POISONS. number of them is shown by Roman They will be found most important to figures, thus :-i. ii. iii. iv. v., &c., and emigrants, attendants upon the sick, and prescriptions are written in this style. persons who reside out of the reach of medical aid, sailors, &c., &c. They contain instructions not only for the compounding of medicines, but most useful hints and cautions upon the application of leeches, blisters, poultices, &c.

633. ARTICLES REQUIRED FOR MIXING MEDICINES.-Three glass measures, one to measure ounces, another to measure drachms, and a measure for minims, drops, or small doses. A pestle and mortar, both of glass and Wedgwoodware, a glass funnel, and glass stirring rods. A spatula, or flexible knife, for spreading ointments, making pills, &c. A set of scales and weights. A small slab of marble, slate, or porcelain, for making pills upon, mixing ointments, &c.

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636. MEASURES.-Liquid medicines are measured by the following table: 1 fluid drachm. 1 fluid ounce. 1 pint. 1 gallon.

60 minims

are con

tained
in

8 fluid drachms. 16 fluid ounces... 8 pints And the signs which distinguish each are as follows:-c. means a gallon; o, a pint; A3, a fluid ounce; A3, a fluid drachm; and m, a minim, or drop. Formerly drops used to be ordered, but as the size of a drop must necessarily vary, minims are always directed to be employed now for any particular medicine, although for such medicines as oil of cloves, essence of ginger, &c., drops are frequently ordered.

are graduated glass vessels for measuring ounces, drachms, and minims.

637. IN ORDER THAT WE MAY MEA634. MEDICINE WEIGHTS AND MEASURE MEDICINES ACCURATELY, there SURES.- - Weights. When you open your box containing the scales and weights, you will observe that there are several square pieces of brass, of different sizes and thicknesses, and stamped with a variety of characters. These are the weights, which we will now explain.

638. WHEN PROPER MEASURES ARE NOT AT HAND, it is necessary to adopt some other method of determining the quantities required, and therefore we have drawn up the following table for that purpose:

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HEALTH IS THE REWARD OF CLEANLINESS.

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These quantities refer to ordinary sized spoons and vessels. Some cups hold half as much more, and some tablespoons contain six drachms. Many persons keep a medicine-glass, which is graduated so as to show the number of spoonfuls it contains.

639. Process of Making Medicines.-To POWDER SUBSTANCES.Place the substance in the mortar, and strike it gently with direct perpendicular blows of the pestle, until it separates into several pieces, then remove all but a small portion, which bruise gently at first, and rub the pestle round and round the mortar, observing that the circles described by the pestle should gradually decrease in diameter, and then increase again, because by this means every part of the powder is subjected to the process of pulverization. In powdering substances, making emulsions, and whenever using a mortar, the pestle should always travel from the right to the left.

640. SOME SUBSTANCES require to be prepared in a particular manner before they can be powdered, or to be assisted by adding some other body. For example, camphor powders more easily when a few drops of spirits of wine are added to it; mace, nutmegs, and such oily aromatic substances are better for the addition of a little white sugar; resins and gum-resins should be powdered in a cold place, and if they are intended to be dissolved, a little fine well-washed white sand mixed with them assists the process of powdering. Tough roots, like gentian and calumba, should be cut into thin slices; and fibrous roots, like ginger, cut slanting, otherwise the powder will be full of small fibres. Vegetable matters require to be dried before they are powdered, such as peppermint, loosestrife, senna, &c.

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641. BE CAREFUL NOT TO POUND TOO HARD in a glass, porcelain, or Wedgewood-ware mortar; they are intended only for substances that pulverize easily, and for the purpose of mixing or incorporating medicines. Never use acids in a marble mortar, and be sure that you do not powder galls or any other astringent substances in any but a brass mortar.

642. SIFTING is frequently required for powdered substances, and this is usually done by employing a fine sieve, or tying the powder up in a piece of muslin, and striking it against the left hand over a piece of paper.

643. FILTERING is frequently required for the purpose of obtaining clear fluids, such as infusions, eyewashes, and other medicines; and it is, therefore, highly important to know how to perform this simple operation. We must first of all make the filterpaper; this is done by taking a square sheet of white blotting paper, and doubling it over, so as to form an angular cup. We next procure a piece of wire, and twist it into a form to place the funnel in, to prevent it passing too far into the neck of the bottle. Open out the filter-paper very carefully, and having placed it in the funnel, moisten it with a little water. Then place the wire in the space between the funnel and the bottle, and pour the liquid gently down the side of the paper, otherwise the fluid is apt to burst the paper.

644. MACERATION is another process that is frequently required to be performed in making up medicines, and consists simply in immersing the medicines in cold water or spirits for a certain time.

645. DIGESTION resembles maceration, except that the process is assisted by a gentle heat. The ingredients are placed in a flask, such as salad oil is sold in, which should be fitted with a plug of tow or wood, and have a piece of wire twisted round the neck. The flask is held by means of the wire over the flame of a spirit lamp, or else placed in some sand warmed in an old iron

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