1829.)

AMERICAN SILK.

143

have directed their attention to this source of national before returning to my native country; to have seen Ariches. Every where, from north to south, mulberry merican raw silk quoted in the Philadelphia newspan trees have been planted and silk worms raised, either pers, at fair regular prices, as an article of merch.nd ze. for amusement or under a vague impression that it might I would thus have benefitted at the same tinie Franco be turned to profit. I do not speak of Connecticut, where and the United States, and could have rituined home the raising of silk worms, for the purpose of making with honor, if not with profit, leaving behind me a pleas. sewing silk, has been for a long time a settled branch of ing remembrance. industry, in my opinion very unprofitable compared to Full of this project, I went to Baltimore, and I here what might be done with the same inalerials: 1 allude bope I shall be excused if I «xpress my sincere grati'nde 'to the other states in this Union, where the phenomenon for the kind treatment that I experienced during five I have mentioned has already taken place. Within the days that I remained there, from ihe inhabitants of that above mentioned period several foreign works have been patriotic and hospitable city. The men ory of it shall translated or abridged, on the subject of the culture and never be effaced from ny mind. I failed, however, in manufacture of silk, and it is but lately that the first the main object of my journey. I found a great many number of a periodical on that subject, edited by Dr. cocoons-enough, indeed, to produce, by means of Pascalis,* has been announced at New York, which their eggs, at least one hundred quintals for the next shows how much the people at large are desirous of in- season, and all these raised within the circumference of formation upon this topic. The rulers of the nation yield. a few miles. But 10 my great mortification, there were ing to the national desire, have been taking measures to very few of them that were perforated, the moths havsatisfy the general wishes. In May, 1826, the House of ing been suffered to escape, so that they could not be Representatives of the U.S.passed a resolution directing used in the preparation of fine silk. They might, in" that the Secretary of the Treasury cause to be prepar- deed, have been employed in making sewing silk, but ed, a well digested Manual, containing the best practical | that was not the object that I had in view; besides, that information that can be cullected, on the growth and man. ) article, to compete with that manufactured in Europe, ufacture of Siik, adapted to the different parts of the cannot be made without the necessary machinery, parUnion; and containing such facts and observations, in reticularly the throwsting mill, of which I have made men. lation to the growth and manufacture of silk in other tion in some of the preceding numbers. countries, as might be useful.” The manual was accord- Upon the whole, however, I have no reason to be disingly compiled, and published last year, under the au- saiisfied with my Journey. I found the silk of Marythority of the government, in a pamphlet containing 220 land not in the least inferior to that of Pennsylvania, and pages. The Legislature of Maryland, as I am informed, I have seen cocoons sent to a friend of mine from Norpassed an analogous resolution at their last session, and i folk, in Virginia, the product of worms fed on the leaves is probable that the subj ct has been taken up by other of the wild native mulberry, the silk of which was equal. states, altho'lam not in possession of the particular facts. ly beautiful, with this difference, that they contained Societies have been established for the promotion of the more of the floss or refuse silk, and consequently canno: culture of silk, and the newspapers abound with para- be so profitable as the others. I witnessed also the exgraphs showing how much this branch of industry has traordinary zeal of the inhabitants for the culture of this attracted the attention of the people of this country.- article; one lady showed me fifteen hundred pounds It is evident that the moment has arrived when it is to weight of cocoons produced on her plantation, at the be taken up and prosecuted with effect.

distance of three miles from the city. At the same time As far as I have been able to judge, the manufacture. I must own, that I did not find that the people possesof sewing silk, after the example of Connecticut, ap. sed sufficient instruction respecting the manner of raispears to have been the first object in view. I have seen ing the silk worm; the insect which produced the cosamples from various parts of the Union. Otherwise, I coons appeared to have more or less suffered for want have not seen any where any fixed design for the em- of skilful care; inderd the lady to whom I have just alployment of the silk to be raised by the citizens of the luded, candidly acknowledged to me that she had no United States. It is not extraordinary that a subject so instruction at all, and that she had only followed her complicated should be little understood in a country that own observation and judgment. I am astonished that has never had the opportunity of acquiring practical she succeeded so well. experience. Having undertaken, at the request of per: It seems to me that the publications that have appear. sons whom I could not refuse, to point out and ed in this country on the subject of the culture of the explain to the people of this country what I conceive to mulberry and raising of the silk worm, are by far too be the best plan to be pursued, -that is to say, that of voluminous for an extensive circulation, and too full of beginning with the making, not of sewing silk, but of the details, for the most part of minor importance.— They diferent qualities of raw silk for exportation,-I felt de are in general compiled from foreign works, written for sirous of convincing the public of its practicability by the direction of the European peasantry, who are by no actual and immediate experiment. Having heard that means so intelligent or so well-informed as the farmers mulberry trees and silk worms were raised in great and planters of the United States. I have therefore proquantities in the vicinity of Baltimore, I procured letters mised, at the instance of my Baltimore friends, to pud. of introduction from my friends here, and made a visit lish in time for the next season, The Silk Culturists to that city. I had expected to find there a sufficient Almanac, for the Year 1830; in which it is my intention quantity of perfect cocoons, to make at least a hundred to condense into a small space, in that cheap and popu. pounds weight of raw silk. for which I was certain of an lar form, the principal directions necessary to be aitend. immediate sale. It would have given me great pleasure, ed to, omitting the minute details with which the exist

ing books on this subject are generally loaded, and The Silk Culturist, to be published quarterly; the leaving as much as possible to the judgment of the in. second number to appear in October next. Also by the telligent cultivator. Due attention will be paid to the same author, "Practical Instructions for the Culture of differences arising from the variety of climates of this Silk and the Mulberry Tree.” Vol. 1. New York. Sold country, and nothing shall be inserted but what shall by William B. Gilley, No. 94 Broadway, and by the ed- be thought absolutely necessary; and in the preparation itor, No: 71 Liberty-street.

of that little book, I shall be assisted by the gentleman I find also advertised in the New York newspapers, who now holds the pen for me, and who unites his la"A Methodical Treatise on the Cultivation of the Mul- bour to mine in the composition of these essays. I by berry Tree and the raising of Silk Worms, and on Wind no means pretend to produce a perfect or complete ing the Silk from the Cocoons. By William H. Vernon, work, I shall only endeavour to convey, in plain and of Rhode Island. Being an abridgement of a large perspicuous language, the practical knowledge which French work, by M. De la Brousse.

I have acquired by experience, so as to enable the Ame.

ration.

rican farmers to undertake the raising of silk worms, and proved with the Schuylkill, by one of the ablest chemthe production of good, saleable cocoons, with reasona- ists, who pronounced it the best he had examined.ble hopes of success.

Thirty pounds of each were burned under similar cirI find that I have wandered somewhat from my main cumstances, and as the Mahanoy was found to be more subject, but I have thought that this digression, occa- easily ignited, emitting in combustion, a more intense sioned by my journey to Baltimore, would not be unac heat, and more caloric. Its specific gravity 1.25; the ceptable. I am hastering as fast as possible towards the Schuylkill, 1.453.* conclusion of these essays, fearing that I have already 3. The mining operations may be performed with trespassed too much on the patience of an indulgent great facility. The strata of coal are horizontal or nearly public.

so; and thus the roof may be supported by coal pillars.

J. D'HOMERGUE. No labour will be needed to discharge water from the 24th August, 1829.

pits, for it may be readily drained off' into the streams intersecting the field.

Iron ore appears to abound in these lands, fine timber COAL MINES OF MAIIANOY.

is plentifully found along the waters, and elsewhere;

some fertile valleys in the vicinity are settled by indusThe following interesting notices of these mines are trious Germans; and, for water power, the Mahanoy is extracted from a letter to the editors of the “Register,” | decidedly the finest creek in Northumberland county." who are authorised to make certain references as to the

Niles' Register. . important facts stated. They present to us another strong inducement to persevere in the construction of * A gentleman of Baltimore, of much respectability, the Baltimore and Susquehanna rail road, so happily engaged in ironworks, having tried about twenty tons, begun on Saturday last-the centenary of our incorpo- says it is much more pure than that from Wilkesbarre;

and that, if any anthracite coal smelts iron ore, it will be “ These mines have hitherto been little known: but such as this, which resembles charcoal more than any he the time is not distant, when their value will be appre- has ever seen. ciated. Their proximity to the Chesapeake, compared to the other coal fields of ihe Susquehanna, render them

West Chester, Aug. 25. well worthy the immediate attention of the enterprising We received from one of our neighbors in East Bradcapitalists of Baltimore: the lightness of the coal, and ford, some time last week, a stalk of oats, measuring easiness of ignition, are said to excel the Lehigh and about 5 feet ten inches in length, and heavily loaded Schuyikill, which are no. so hard, or heavy, as the Lu- with grain--and which, he says, did not hold its head zerne coal.

higher than some of the rest in the same field. That's The Mahanoy mines consist of pure, but very light equal, we presume, to any thing in Delaware, Monigoanthracite, approaching more nearly to charcoal than mery, or Lancaster counties—and is a proof of the unuany other known in Pennsylvania. They are situated sual productiveness of the season. about forty miles north of Harrisburg; eight miles east We were last week presented with a slalk of corn, of the Susquehanna, to which the descent is easy and raised by Mr. David Carr, of this borough, measuring unimpeded, and ten miles from Sunbury; bearing from 16 feet, set with two full ears. -Record. this place from S. W. to N. E. the western termination of the range is in, and near, the forks, of the big and A Double Egg.-We have often seen a “ wheel withlittle Mihanoy creeks, which may readily be found on in a wheel,” but never an egg within an egg, until one Mellish's late map, entering the Susequehanna 14 miles day last week, when invited to the house of Mr. al. below the confluence of the West and North Branches, spach, hatter, of the town of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and about 130 miles from the tide water of the Chesa. who produced a hen's egg, much larger than the compeake.

mon size, and gave the following account of it: The coal field is about ten miles in length, extend

" It was an egg of the large breed of fowls, and when ing north 80° E. to the Shamokin Creek, at Mr. Boyd's broken, it was discovered that another egg of common mines, gradually widening from one half a mile, at the size, with a perfect shell was inclosed. The substance western bluff, to two and a half, bounded on each side of the outer egg was used, but the inner one and the by a ridge, diverging as they proceed eastward. Thus outer shell he keeps as a curiosity.” They are phenois formed a sort of sequestered, but elevated wall, which mena.- Carlisle Volunteer. is principally a mass of anthracite coal. It lies generally within a few feet of the surface, and sometimes breaks

Appointment by the Governor. out above it. In the face of the bank of “Serby's" Simon CAMERON, Esq. of Harrisburg, to be Adjutant brook, the coal begins about four feet below the sur-General of the Militia of the Commonwealth of Pennface, and is still found at the base of the bank, in the sylvania, in the place of George B. Porter, Esq. rebed of the stream, about sixty feet below its commence signed. ment. How much deeper the vein lies has not yet been Large Cabbage.- Mr. Isaac Meyer, of Passyunk, had ascertained. At thirty feet back from the margin, the on Monday last, in the New Market

, in South Second ground has been opened to the depth of sixteen feet, street, among other excellent vegetables, a cabbage,' ihrough continuous coal, to a stratum of schistus; beneath weighing 18 pounds. which, doubtless the coal again proceeds, at least as deep as in the bed of the adjacent stream.

Two statues have been placed in the State House The mines are stated to possess the following advan- Yard. One on the west side, corresponding with the tages, among others

part of the public buildings occupied by the Courts, re. 1. Their geographical position is about 70 miles near- presents Justice. That on the east side corresponding er to the Cheapeake bay than those of Wilkesbarre, or with the part of the public buildings occupied by the any other valuable mines on the Susquehanna; which City Councils, represents Wisdom. distance is supposed equivalent to one dollar and forty cents per ton, in transit to market, upon a canal or rail road. An act of the legislature has been passed for the Printed every SATURDAY MORNING by WILLIAM F. incorporation of a company to make a rail road, from GEDDES, No. 59 Locust Street, Philadelphia; where, and at the mines to the river, which route is a gentle descent, door back of the Post Office, (back room) subscriptions will be

the PUBLICATION OFFICE, IN FRANKLIN PLACE, second upon good bottom. Coal might thus be delivered at the thankfully received. Price FIVE DOLLARS per annum, paşable river, at from 40 to 60 cents per ton.

THE

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFOL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

VOL. IV.-NO. 10. PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 5, 1829.

NO. 88.

DOCUMENTS

8. What price do you suppose the same land would In relation to the Extent and Causes of the present Gene

now sell for at public sale? ral Distress throughout the Commonwealth, &c. Read 9. Is there a bank in your district, and what bank, and in Senate of Pennsylvania, February 14, 1820.

when was it established? Continued from page 142.)

10. Did property first begin to rise when the banking The committee appointed on the 10th of December 11. Did it begin to fall when the banks first began to

system was introduced? last, to inquire into the extent and causes of the pre- call in their loans? sent general distress, beg leave to present to the 12. To what has the distress in your district been geneSenate, the documents which have accompanied their

rally ascribed by the citizens? report of the 29th ult.

13. Have not your merchants, storekeepers, and others, They consist of -

overtraded? If so, is not their overtrading to be 1, a copy of the interrogatories addressed by the committee to the members of the Legislature and 14. Has there been a great fall in the price of agricul

ascribed to the facility of obtaining bank loans? others.

tural produce generally, during the last five years? 2. A number of answers to the same. 3. Official statements of the prothonotaries and she- 15. Do you believe there is much specie hoarded by

If so, say how much per cent. ? riffs of most of the counties in the state, exhibiting the

the citizens of your district? number of actions for debt, judgments entered by con- | 16. Have there been any great sacrifices of real estate, fession, sheriff's sales, and imprisonments for debt, in

or of personal property within the last two years? their respective counties, during the years 1809 and

If so, name soine particulars? 1819.

17. Has a scarcity of money been felt by men wbo are 4. A statement of the notes in circulation, specie on

rich in property, as well as by the labouring hand, and annual dividends of the country banks from

classes? the period of their conmencement, until November, 18. Do the inhabitants of your district experience losses 1819.

and inconvenience from the circulation of depre. 5. A similar statement of the city banks from the

ciated bank notes? year 1814.

19. Wbat advantages do you conceive, have been ex6. A statement of the amount of loans made by the

rienced by your section of the country, from the city banks, including their branches, to individuals, from

introduction of the banking system, particularly the year 1814 to 1819.

as relates to internal improvements? 7. A table showing the fluctuation in the value of 20. Do you consider that the advantages have outcity and country bank notes, from the year 1815 to

weighed all the evils attendant upon the banking 1820. 8. A list of unlawful banks and incorporations, issu: 21. Ilave many people been deprived of their usual

system? ing orders or notes in the manner or nature of bank

employment, by the suspension of manufacturing notes.

industry? 9. A statement of the present condition of the manu. 22. Has the consumption of foreign manufactured artifacturing classes in Philadelphia and Pittsburg.

cles much increased in your district, within the No. 1.

last ten years? Interrogatories addressed by the committee to a number of 23. Has a spirit of extravagance in dress, furniture and the members of the legislature and other citizens.

dwellings, pervaded your neighbourhood, to an 1. Is the distress so generally complained of, experi- extent beyond what usually results from a gradual enced in your district, or in any part of it?

increase of wealth amongst the people? 2. Under what forms does it exhibit itselt? Is it accoin. 24. Has there not been of late years less domestic in

panied by the embarrassments of farmers, mer- dustry in the fabrication of articles for family use chants and others, by a general scarcity of money, than formerly? by sacrifices of property, and by numerous law 25. Can you state the amount loaned by banks in your suits, particularly before justices of the peace?

neighbourbood, to road and bridge companies, and 3. What proportion of the inhabitants of your district whether the said loans have been repaid, or are

do you suppose, are affected in their business, their likely to be, without a resort to legal compulsion? revenue, or their usual punctuality, hy the pres- 26. What was the motive which led to the establishsure of the times?

ment of so many banks? 4. Is money easily to be procured on mortgage where 27. Have any of the farmers in your neighbourhood

indubitable security is offered? If so, at what rate? been so ruined by speculation in property, as to be 5. Was money, before the introduction of the banking obliged to remove from the state

system, easily to be procured upon such security, 28. Have usurious transactions been frequent within at legal interest.

your knowledge? If so, enuinerate some instances 6 What was the price of the best improved land in of extortion?

your neighbourhood, in the year 1809, or there. 29. Does the bank or banks in your district, if there be abouts

any, redeemn their notes in specie on demand, for 7. What was the price of the same land during the any amount that is presented, or are their notes at

height of speculation! And in what year was spe. a depreciation in Philadelphia, and what deprecia. culation at its height?

tion: Vo:, IV.

19

five years.

30. Is there any specie in circulation in your district? 19. The grand turnpike road, extending from the

If

yes, what proportion does it bear to the paper? | summit of the North mountain, to the summit of the AlIs it silver or gold?

legheny mountain, about fifty six miles in length, with 31. Are there in circulation in your district any notes a number of elegant bridges, the greater part being per

or tickets issued by corporations, which are not manent stone bridges; also a number of establishments, authorized by law to issue notes or tickets? If yes, such as merchant mills, fulling mills, iron works, &c.say by what coporations they are issued, and what besides fine dwelling houses erected, &c. may all be atis their lowest denomination?

tributed to that source; for bad not that inundation of 32. Do you not suppose that the spirit of speculation, bank paper reached our district, individuals would not

engendered by the facility of procuring bank loans, have joined to aid the state in the completion of this or by other causes, has had a sensible effect in di. almost insurmountable mass of labor, consequently nominishing the number of productive labourers, and thing as yet would have been done. that thus, whilst the nominal prices of commodities

20. In a public point of view, I believe I might anwere raised, the real quantity of the products of swer in the affirmative. But the losses and sufferings of industry were diminished?

individuals perhaps might outweigh and turn the scale. 33. Have any of the contractors for the construction of roads or bridges, who have been aided by bank with the exception of the last six months all could find

21. Perhaps in their usual employment a few, but loans, been ruined by their undertakings? 34. Are you a stockholder in any bank?

employment.

22. Yes to a great extent, especially within the last No. II. Answers, by a member from Bedford County. 23. I believe not, with the exception of a few instan

ces in dress. 1. Yes, although the distress is not experienced in

24. Yes, considerably less—owing to the cheapness every part of the county to the same extent. Forced sales are more numerous in some parts, than in others.

of foreign articles. 2. The scarcity of money is experienced by all gene Chambersburg

and Bedford road company are indebt

25. Not the exact amount loaned. I believe the rally. Farmers are amongst the least sufferers, being ed to the Allegheny bank of Pennsylvania upwards of only limited in their improvements. Mercantile class complain, but very few failures. Sacrifices of property thirty thousand dollars. Legal prooess issued, and judg. are frequent, but chiefly confined to personal property, town company are indebted to that bank; the amount

ment obtained. Report says, the Bedford and StoysLawsuits are numerous, but the distress. principally not known if true, no doubt they have, or will issue arises from the collection of the sums within the juris. legal process—they have no funds to prevent it, &c. diction of a justice of the peace. 3. All who are in business are affected. Rents being

26. A desire to enjoy equal rights and privileges their principal revenue, affected one fourth. Punctual. with the citizens where banks had been established. ity will fall short at least one half.

27. Not any, to my knowledge. 4. Not to be procured, even at the most exorbitant

28. Not within my knowledge. rate.

29. The bank does not give specie for her notes. At 5. Not easily at legal interest, but generally procured Philadelphia the depreciation about 25 per cent. when needed by a small acknowledgment.

30. Yes In the smaller matters generally specie.6. From thirty to forty dollars per acre.

On the payment or receipt of large sums, quite oth7. From eighty to one hundred dollars per acre, in erwise. The scarcity of money almost prevents the 1815, or thereabouts.

payments of large sums. The proportion may be esti8. From twenty to thirty dollars on terms. For cash mated at one half. The toll taken gives a specimen, scarcely a sale could be effected.

that being more than half. 9. Yes—The Allegheny bank of Pennsylvania, esta. 31. None at present. Tickets were issued by the blished as a district bank, shortly after the passage of turnpike road companies; their lowest denomination the “ Act regulating banks,” March 21st, 1814. one dollar, and in the character of promissory notes with

10. Generally so understood, but more rapidly after interest from their dates. the declaration of war in 1812.

32. In answer to the first part, Yes Numbers, from 11. Soon after that time

this cause, were diverted from productive labor, engag. 12. Generally to the inundation of bank paper and ed themselves in various pursuits, and to the second foreign goods, too great an extension of credit. Hosti- part, Yes-It was one cause, that the real quantity of lity of the city banks to country banks, thereby destroy the products of industry were diminished. ing the credit of their paper--all confidence in it being 33. Not any to my knowledge. I never knew of any lost-the people deprived of its usefulness-deprived of the contractors to be aided by the bank in my district, of that good anticipated by the citizen petitioners, and

34. I am not. And I further add, I never was at any finally brought ruin and distress on the people.

time. 13. In some few instances. May be in part ascribed Answers by a member from Lebanon County. to that cause.

14. Yes, generally, but principally confined to the 1. It is general throughout the county, last three years. Wheat, rye, and corn, fifiy per cent. 2. By the farmer having no market for his surplus Averaging all other agricultural produce at twenty-five produce, and the mechanic and laborer no employment.

3. Nine out of ten. 15. No-If hoarded, not generally known. The for- 4. Some small loans may be obtained at the rate of mation of the bank had a tendency to lessen the sums six per cent. of specie hoarded.

5. I.arge sums might be had at legal interest previous 16. Of real property scarcely any within my knowo to the banking system. ledge. The sheriff generally postponed sales from court 6. First rate land from $40 to $60 per acre. lo court, consequently but few within the last two 7. In the year 1816 and 1817, first rate land sold years. Of personal property more frequent, report says from 130 to 150 dollars. for about one sixth of its value.

8. From 50 to 70 dollars. 17. Yes--Although not so much affected.

9. There is none in Lebanon county. 18. Not from circulation, because no person will take 10. Some few years before. it at this time. The only loss arising from it is, being of

11. Yes. no value. Cannot be taken for property, consequently 12. As is stated in No. 2, and to the banking system. the sales are more limited,

per cent.

1829.)

REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE COMMONWEALTH.

147

14. There has. The percentage is known in Phila- 11. When banks began to call in, land began to fall. delphia and Reading.

12. The distress generally is ascribed in our district, 15. Perhaps by some few individuals.

to the scarcity of money in other places; it is ascertained 16. We have suffered but very little as yet, till of late that the banks drew it out of circulation. the sheriff has sold a house and lot for 180 dolls. which 13. Storekeepers made bank loans, and overtraded, is said to be worth 1000, but the sale was set aside. and drew money out of circulation.

17. Yes it is, for want of market as above stated. 14. Yes, of 40 per cent.

18. Not any at present, as there is none in circulation 15. No, not much. but par paper.

16. Sacrifices of real and personal property from 50 19. None. 20. No. 21. Yes. 22. No. 23. Yes. to 75 per cent have been made. 24. No.

17. Yes. 18. Yes. 25. The Berks and Dauphin turnpike road company 19. A disadvantage. has borrowed large sums from the Reading bank, which 20. No. 21. Yes. they have not repaid, and have no means to pay without 22. Yes, but not so much so, as in some other dislegislative interference.

tricts. 26. Pray ask the legislature of 1814.

23. No. 27. None that I know of.

24. Yes, but of late they are taking to it. 28. No.

25. No, but sometimes considerable has been loaned 29. We have no bank in our county.

by the storekeepers and some traders. 30. Some small sums of silver can be obtained at any 26. A resort for money to speculate on. The friends time for par paper.

of speculation encouraged them in the place of pursuing 31. There are none.

honest industry. 32. I cannot answer this question.

27. Several properties have been sold from people 33. None as yet. 34. I am not.

using an honest and industrious pursuit, who have been Answers by a member from Bedford and Tioga counties. injured from the want of a circulating medium, and a

consamption for produce. 1. The distress complained of general.

28. Yes, frequently, but they generally screen them. 2. Accompanied by all those difficulties.

selves by taking produce for the interest. The extent 3. Experienced generally.

much in that way, which ought to be removed. 4. No. 5. Yes.

29. There are no banks in my district, but what pas 6. From 6 to 14 dollars. 7. In the year 1814, from 10 to 20 dollars.

per is in circulation is depreciated, except some eastern 8. From 3 to 10 dollars.

paper. The depreciated paper, the store keepers and 9. There is no bank in my district.

speculators shave close, and the industricus class are glad

to gel clear of it sometimes at half its face. 10. It began to rise before.

30. But little. 11. Yes. 12. The scarcity of money in other places, drew it obliged to do so, for the want of circulation medium,

31. Yes, by different turnpike road companies, are out of circulation, and the banks drew their specie into

37. Some engaged by bank loans, but not general.-their vaults,

Money went out of circulation, and injured those in 13. No. 14. Within three years 50 per cent.

moderate pursuits who purchased property at a fair prioe,

and who after paying a part of the purchase money, de15. No. 16. Yes. Several instances real and personal. Mr. pended on their labor to pay their instalments, and not 8's. real property worth 2000 dolls. sold for 700 dolls having a market for their produce, have been taken at *

disadvantage. Mr. H's worth 2500, sold for 500 dolls.

33. No, but they have risked their credit otherwise. 17. Yes. 18. Yes.

34. No. 19. A great disadvantage. 20. Yes.

Answers, by a member from Cumberland County. 22. Yes, but dot so much so, as in many other places

1. General. or districts.

2. Under all these forms. 23. No.

3. Two-thirds of the people. 24. Yes, but not so much as in other districts.

4. It is not without extra interest. 25. No. 26. Speculation. 27. No.

5. It was. 28. None that has come to my knowledge.

6. From 45 to 60 dollars. 29. No banks in my district.

7, From 150 to 200 dollars in 1813 and 1814. 30. Not much in circulation at present.

8. At sheriff's sale from 25 to 40 dollars. 31. There is none at all.

9. Two until lately-One commenced during the 32. Some injured by bank loans, but not general. Money went out of circulation, and injured those in mod mamia, and continued until last summer-The other be.

fore 1814, and continues. erate pursuits. It is harder to pay 10 dolls, now than

10. Soon after. 30 6 or 8 years ago. 33. Not to my knowledge.

11. Shortly after.

12. Excessive speculation, and depreciated bank pa. Answers by a member from Somerset and Cambria Co's.

13. They have. 1. The distress complained of in my district in gen- 14. Very great. In general 50 per cent. eral.

15. Not a great deal. 2. It is accompanied by the embarrassments of farm- 16. Both to a great extent, especially real estate. ers, merchants and others, by a general scarcity of mo- 17. By those who hold property especially.

sacrifices of property, and by numerous lawsuits 18. Not so much at present, as three or four year before justices and otherwise.

back. 3. Generally affected in their business.

19 None at all. 4. No. 5. Yes.

20 The evils have far overbalanced the advantages. 7. Land at its height in 1814, from 15 to 50 dollars. 21 At least one-third. 8. Same land, at public sale now, from 5 to 20 dols. 22 Articles of clothing especially. 9. No bank in my district

23 In all, but in dress in particular. 10. Property began to raise when the banks were 24 Nearly one-half, established; not before.

25 Little loaned for public improvements; a large

34. No.

per chiefly.

ney,