In the mean time, several bodies of "horse" are mentioned as deserting, or taking quarter and service on the Parliament side. * It is over these that Lehunt is to be appointed Colonel; and to Fairfax as General-in-chief "of all the Parliament's Forces raised or to be raised," it belongs to give him and his subordinates the due commissions.

July 5th. Young Villiers Duke of Buckingham, son of the assasinated Duke; he with his Brother Francis, with the Earl of Holland, and others who will pay dear for it, started up about Kingston on Thames with another open Insurrectionary Armament; guided chiefly by Dutch Dalbier, once Cromwell's instructor, but now gone over to the other side. Fairfax and the Army being all about Colchester in busy Siege, there seemed a good opportunity here. They rode towards Reigate, these Kingston Insurgents, several hundreds strong: but a Parliament Party "under Major Gibbons" drives them back; following close, comes to action with them between "Nonsuch Park and Kingston," where the poor Lord Francis, Brother of the Duke, fell mortally wounded; drives them across the river "into Hertfordshire;" into the lion's jaws. For Fairfax sent a Party out from Colchester; overtook them at St. Neot's; and captured, killed, or entirely dissipated them.** Dutch Dalbier was hacked in pieces, 66 so angry were the soldiers at him." The Earl of Holland stood his trial afterwards; and lost his head. The Duke of Buckingham got off; — might almost as well have died with poor Brother Francis here, for any good he afterwards did. Two pretty youths, as their Vandyke Portraits in Hampton Court still testify; one of whom lived to become much uglier!

July 8th. Duke Hamilton, with the actual Scotch Army, is "at Annan" on the Western Border, ready to step across to England. Not quite Forty-thousand; yet really about half that number, tolerably effective. Langdale, with a vanguard of Three-thousand Yorkshiremen, is to be guide; Monro, with a body of horse that had long served in Ulster, is to bring up the rear. The great Duke dates from Annan, 8th July * Rushworth, Cromwelliana. ** Ibid., vii. 1178, 82.

1648.* Poor old Annan; -never saw such an Army gathered, since the Scotch James went to wreck in Solway Moss, above a hundred years ago!** Scotland is in a disastrous, distracted condition; overridden by a Hamilton majority in Parliament. Poor Scotland will, with exertion, deliver its "King from the power of Sectaries;" and is dreadfully uncertain what it will do with him when delivered! Perhaps Oliver will save it the trouble.

July 11th. Oliver at last is loose from Pembroke; as the following brief Letter will witness.

LETTER LXII.

To the Honourable William Lenthall, Esquire, Speaker of the House of Commons: These.

SIR, 'Pembroke,' 11th July 1648. The Town and Castle of Pembroke were surrendered to me this day, being the Eleventh of July; upon the Propositions which I send you here enclosed.*** What Arms, Ammunition, Victual, Ordnance or other Necessaries of War are in 'the' Town, I have not to certify you, the Commissioners I sent-in to receive the same not being yet returned, nor like suddenly to be; and I was unwilling to defer the giving you an account of this mercy for a day.

The Persons Excepted are such as have formerly served you in a very good Cause; but, being now apostatised, I did rather make election of them, than of those who had always been for the King; — judging their iniquity double; because they have sinned against so much light, and against so many evidences of Divine Providence going along with and prospering a just

* Rushworth, vii. 1184. ** James V. A. D. 1542.

*** Given in Rushworth, vii. 1190.

Cause, in the had a share.

management of which they themselves I rest,

Your humble servant,

OLIVER CROMWELL. §

Drunken Colonel Poyer, Major-General Laughern and certain others, "persons excepted," have had to surrender at mercy; a great many more on terms: Pembroke happily is down; and the Welsh War is ended.* Cromwell hurries northward: by Gloucester, Warwick; gets "3,000 pairs of shoes" at Leicester; leaves his prisoners at Nottingham (with Mrs. Hutchinson and her Colonel, in the Castle there); joins Lambert among the hills of Yorkshire,** where his presence is much needed now.

July 27th. In these tumultuous months the Fleet too, as we heard at Pembroke once,*** has partially revolted; "set Colonel Admiral Rainsborough ashore," in the end of May last. The Earl of Warwick, hastily sent thither, has brought part of it to order again; other part of it has fled to Holland, to the Young Prince of Wales. The Young Prince goes hopefully on board, steers for the coast of England; emits his summons and manifesto from Yarmouth roads, on the 27th of this month. Getting nothing at Yarmouth, he appears next week in the Downs; orders London to join him, or at least to lend him 20,000 1.†

It all depends on Hamilton and Cromwell now. His Majesty from Carisbrook Castle, the revolted Mariners, the London Presbyterians, the Besieged in Colchester, and all men, are waiting anxiously what they now will make of it when they meet.

§ Copy in Tanner Mss. Ixii. 159: printed, correctly, in Grey on the Third Volume of Neal's Puritans (Appendix, p. 129), from another source. *Order, "12th July 1648" (the day after Pembroke), for demolishing the Castle of Haverfordwest: in Appendix, No. 10.

** At Barnard Castle, on the 27th July, "his horse" joined (Rushworth, vii. 1211); he himself not till a fortnight after, at Wetherby farther south. *** Antea, Vol. ii. p. 4.

Rushworth, vii.; 29th May, p. 1131; 8th June, 11th June, pp. 1145 1151; 27th July, pp. 1207, 1215, &c.

LETTERS LXIII.-LXVI.

Preston Battle.

THE Battle of Preston or Battle-and-Rout of Preston lasts three days; and extends over many miles of wet Lancashire country, from "Langridge Chapel a little on the east of Preston," southward to Warrington Bridge, and northward also as far as you like to follow. A wide-spread, most confused transaction; the essence of which is, That Cromwell, descending the valley of the Ribble, with a much smaller but prompt and compact force, finds Hamilton flowing southward at Preston in very loose order; dashes in upon him, cuts him in two, drives him north and south, into as miserable ruin as his worst enemy could wish.

There are four accounts of this Affair by eye-witnesses, still accessible: Cromwell's account in these Two Letters; a Captain Hodgson's rough brief recollections written afterwards; and on the other side, Sir Marmaduke Langdale's Letter in vindication of his conduct there; and lastly the deliberate Narrative of Sir James Turner ("alias Dugald Dalgetty," say some). As the Affair was so momentous, one of the most critical in all these Wars, and as the details of it are still so accessible, we will illustrate Cromwell's own account by some excerpts from the others. Combining all which, and considering well, some image of this rude old tragedy and triumph may rise upon the reader.

Captain Hodgson, an honest-hearted, pudding-headed Yorkshire Puritan, now with Lambert in the Hill Country, hovering on the left flank of Hamilton and his Scots, saw Cromwell's face at Ripon, much to the Captain's satisfaction. "The Scots," says he, "marched towards Kendal; we towards "Ripon, where Oliver met us with horse and foot. We were "then between Eight and Nine thousand: a fine smart Army, "fit for action. We marched up to Skipton; the Forlorn of "the Enemy's horse," Sir Marmaduke's, was come to Gar

แ

แ

"grave; having made havoc of the country,

"tending never to come there again." "Stout Henry Cromwell," he gave them a check at Gargrave;*

still is coming.

and better

Here, however, let us introduce Sir James Turner, a stout pedant and soldier-of-fortune, original Dugald Dalgetty of the Novels, who is now marching with the Scots, and happily has a turn for taking Notes. The reader will then have a certain ubiquity, and approach Preston on both sides. Of the Scotch Officers, we may remark, Middleton and the Earl of Calendar have already fought in England for the Parliament: Baillie, once beaten by Montrose, has been in many wars, foreign and domestic; he is lefthand cousin to the Reverend Mr. Robert, who heard the Apprentices in Palace-yard bellowing "Justice on Strafford!" long since, in a loud and hideous manner. Neither of the Lesleys is here, on this occasion; they abide at home with the oppressed minority. The Duke, it will be seen, marches in extremely loose order; vanguard and rearguard very far apart, and a Cromwell attending him on flank!

"At Hornby," says the learned Sir James alias Dugald, "a day's march beyond Kendal, it was advised, Whether we "should march to Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Western "Counties; or if we should go into Yorkshire, and so put "ourselves in the straight road to London, with a resolution "to fight all who would oppose us? Calendar was indifferent; "Middleton was for Yorkshire; Baillie for Lancashire. When "my opinion was asked, I was for Yorkshire; and for this reason only, That I understood Lancashire was a close "country, full of ditches and hedges; which was a great ad"vantage the English would have over our raw and undis"ciplined musketeers; the Parliament's army consisting of "disciplined and well-trained soldiers, and excellent firemen;

*Hodgson's Memoirs (with Slingsby's Memoirs, Edinburgh, 1808; a dull authentic Book, left full of blunders, of darkness natural and adscititious, by the Editor), pp. 114, 5.

Carlyle, Cromwell. II.

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