117. Venatum: see note on II, 786.

121. alae: applied frequently to the cavalry of a legion; here, to horsemen or mounted huntsmen.

123. nocte: as in I, 89.

124. Speluncam: see note on I, 2.

125. Adero: as Iuno pronuba she presides over nuptials.

126. Conubio, etc.: cf. I, 73.

128. dolis repertis : 'in her detection of the stratagem (ablative absolute).’ She smiled, for she knew from her late interview with Jupiter (I, 227 sqq.) that the fates would prevent the fulfillment of Juno's design of keeping the Trojans away from Italy.

129-172. Aeneas and Dido, with their attendants, go to hunt among the mountains. Through the contrivance of Juno, they are overtaken by a storm, and both are brought together into the same cave.

131. lato ferro: see note on silvis, I, 164.

132. ruunt: is joined by zeugma with all the nominatives. Efferuntur would have been more proper with retia, plagae, and venabula. odora canum vis: for canes acri odoratu; 'the keen-scented hounds.'

137. chlamydem: for the accusative with circumdata, see note on exuvias, II, 275. limbo: ablative of description.

138. in aurum: her hair is either bound with a band of gold or by a net of golden threads.

139. fibula: apparently a clasp, fastening the girdle round her waist. Cf. I, 492; and see also note on I, 448.

143-150. Aeneas is compared to Apollo, as (in I, 498-504) is Dido to Diana. 142. agmina iungit: 'joins his train' with hers. Cf. II, 267.

143. hibernam: 'his winter home.'

146. picti: tattooed.'

148. Fronde: i.e. the laurel, sacred to Apollo. fingens: his statues represent the hair neatly arranged. auro: a golden diadem.

149. Tela: the arrows in his quiver. Aeneas is as buoyant in movement, and as glorious in his looks, as Apollo.

151. ventum (est): for the tense with postquam, see note on I, 216.

152. deiectae, etc.: 'driven down from the summit of the rock'; cf. X, 707. 154. Transmittunt cursu = transcurrunt. The reflexive se is sometimes

omitted with transmittere, as often with traicere. 155. montesque relinquunt

= montibus relictis.

158. votis: perhaps better taken as indirect object with dari.

164. amnes: 'torrents'; quickly formed by the rain in hilly regions. 166. Prima: adverbial. In this and the following lines the various parts of a Roman wedding ceremony are represented. The witnesses are Earth

and Juno pronuba, both of whom foster marriage rites. The lightning's flash furnish the nuptial torches, and the shrieking of the nymphs is the wedding song (hymenaeus).

167, 168. conscius Conubiis: witness to the nuptials'; referring both to the lightning and the air. For the dative with conscius, see H. 453, 3; LM.

536; A. 234; B. 192; G. 359; (H. 400, I).

170. specie famave: 'by propriety or report.'

173-195. Fame, a monster whose form and character are described, reports the alliance of Aeneas and Dido to Iarbas, a powerful Gaetulian prince, who is a suitor for the hand of Dido, and from whom she had purchased the right to settle in Africa.

175. Mobilitate — eundo: ‘she is refreshed by speed and gains strength by traveling.'

176. primo: adverb. When a rumor first springs up, it is reported with something of doubt and timidity.

178. ira- deorum: 'incited with anger against the gods'; because her offspring, the Titans, had been hurled down to Hades. Deorum is objective genitive.

181. cui: introduces sunt (understood with oculi), and sonant. quot-Tot: for every feather there is an eye, a tongue, and an ear. 184. caeli medio terraeque: for inter caelum et terram. 185. Stridens: refers to the rushing sound of her wings. tive of manner.

somno: abla

tecti: 'the

186. custos: 'sentinel'; that she may detect everything. private house'; as opposed to turribus, 'palaces,' or 'public buildings.' 188. nuntia: in apposition with illa.

189. tum: 'now'; while Aeneas was at Carthage.

192. Cui viro: 'to whom as a husband.'

rect discourse.

dignetur: subjunctive in indi

193. hiemem fovere: a bold expression for hiemem inter voluptates transigere. quam longa (sit): as long as (it is)'; i.e. the entire winter. Cf. VIII, 86.

194. Regnorum: the kingdoms of both; that of Dido, as well as the future kingdom of Aeneas.

195. virum-ora: 'the mouths of men.'

196-218. Iarbas calls upon Jupiter, his reputed father, to avenge the insult cast upon him by Dido in rejecting his offers of marriage, and in receiving Aeneas, a mere fugitive from Asia.

201. Excubias aeternas: 'unceasing sentry'; in apposition with ignem. The fire was keeping, as it were, never-ending vigils in the service of the gods.

202. Pingue: see note on 1. 62. variis: 'changing'; solum, limina: accusatives with sacraverat.

203. animi: an old locative. See note on II, 61.

I ever renewed."

204. media inter numina: 'in the very presence of the gods'; in the temple. 206. nunc: hitherto the worship of Jupiter has

been unknown in this country; it is I, Iarbas, who have honored Jupiter by establishing it here.

207. Lenaeum honorem: 'the libation of wine.' 209. caeci: 'without aim.' Are the lightnings, after all, not under thy direction?

210. inania murmura: 'empty mutterings.' miscent refers to the 'confused' sound of thunder. 212. pretio: see I, 367.

213. leges: for imperium, 'dominion (over the place). Others translate, 'conditions' under which the 'land' is held.

(1. 198)

215. Paris: the term is applied to Aeneas in contempt of his nation, as

Fig. 35. Phrygian or Trojan
Youth (11. 215 sqq.)

well as of his present connection with Dido. Iarbas would claim to be another Menelaus.

216. Maeonia: more strictly a Lydian country, but distinguished by the same habits of dress as Phrygia, whose inhabitants wore a peaked cap with lappets passing round the face, and meeting under the chin. In Fig. 35 the lappets are folded up on the temples. madentem: anointing the hair with perfumed oils was also a custom of Asiatic origin.

217. Subnixus: 'supported.' Potitur: note the shortened form. See note on II, 774.

218. inanem: 'empty'; that brings me no real advantage; referring to the general report that Jupiter is all-powerful.

219-278. Jupiter sends down Mercury to reproach Aeneas for his forgetfulness of his destiny and duty in lingering so long at Carthage, and to require him to prepare immediately for his departure.

219. aras tenentem: to be taken literally. Worshipers laid hold upon the altars as if thus to come into close contact with the god.

220. moenia: i.e. of Carthage.

225. Exspectat: 'tarries'; intransitive.

228. ideo: 'for such a purpose'; namely, as that of dwelling at Carthage. bis: Aeneas was rescued by his mother from Diomed (see note on I, 97),

and again when in danger of perishing in the sack of Troy. See II, 632, 633. vindicat: the present tense implies ‘has saved and is still saving.'

a29. fore: sc. illum. The infinitive depends on Promisit. gravidam imperiis: 'teeming with empire'; referring to the future power of Rome. 230. qui regeret: H. 591; LM. 836; A. 320; B. 283; G. 631, 1; (H. 503, 1).

mitteret: Aeneas was destined to

231. Proderet: 'should propagate.' subjugate the world through his descendants, the Romans.

Fig. 36. Mercury

(11. 238 sqq.)

234. pater: if the father has no high ambitions, he should not grudge his son.

235. spe: is not elided before inimica.

hiatus occurs often in the thesis of a foot.

237. hic esto: 'let this be our message.'
242. virgam: the caduceus, or 'wand.'

Such a

244. morte-resignat: 'unseals the eyes (of the deceased) at death.' He unseals the eyes of the dead before conducting them to Hades.

245. Illa fretus: 'depending on this.'

248. Atlantis, etc.: 'even Atlas, whose pinebearing head,' etc. cui: dative of reference nearly equivalent to the genitive of possession. H. 425, 4, N.; LM. 538; A. 235, a; B. 188, 1, N.; G. 350, 1; (H. 384, 4, N. 2). 'Pine-bearing' is a frequent appellative of mountains. 250. mento: ablative, from his chin.'

252. nitens: 'poising himself.'

Mercury first rests on Mount Atlas, and

then darts down to the place of his destination.

253. toto corpore: 'with his whole weight'; allowing the weight of his body to have its full effect, without any resistance from the wings.

254. avi: some bird of the kind that feeds on fish, and darts down to the water, when it has caught sight of its prey.

257. ad: governs litus. Cf. note on I, 13. secabat: has the same termination as volabat in the foregoing verse. Such οἱμοιοτέλευτα, or verses with like endings, though perhaps accidental, are occasionally met with in Virgil. See I, 625, 626; III, 656, 657; V, 385, 386; VI, 843, 844.

259. tetigit: for the tense, see note on I, 216. magalia: see note on I, 421. 260. tecta novantem nova tecta aedificantem.

264. discreverat: she had interwoven between the long threads of the cloth (telas) cross threads of gold. The cloak was woven, therefore, by Dido herself, in accordance with primitive customs.

265. Karthaginis: art thou, Aeneas, laying the foundations of mighty Carthage, Carthage, the city of that Juno, who seeks your destruction?

268. tibi: for ad te.

271. teris otia: 'dost thou squander idle hours?'

274. Iuli: see note on I, 267.

276. Debentur: they are 'due' or 'destined' to him by fate.

277. Mortales visus: 'human vision'; here referring only to Aeneas. medio sermone: 'in the midst of his words'; when he had scarcely ceased to speak, and without waiting for an answer.

279-295. Aeneas calls his captains together in secret, and orders them quietly to get everything in readiness for the voyage.

283. agat, etc.: dubitative subjunctive; 'what can he do,' etc. See note on I, 565. ambire: 'approach'; for the purpose of conciliating her. The word is used regularly of those who canvass for votes.

286. In partes rapit varias: 'speeds (his thoughts) along different paths'; i.e. thinks rapidly of various expedients. Cf. Tennyson, Passing of Arthur, 228: 'This way and that dividing the swift mind.'

287. Haec: with sententia.

288. vocat: his plan is explained by what he does.

289-291. aptent, cogant, parent, and Dissimulent: subjunctive in indirect discourse after an idea of commanding implied in vocat.

would be expressed in the imperative in direct discourse.

These words

290. Arma parent: they must arm themselves that they may be ready to resist any attempt to prevent their departure. rebus novandis: for forming new plans.'

See below, 11. 592 sqq.

292. Nesciat, speret: see note on dignetur, l. 192. rumpi: the present, because the matter is already in progress.

293. Temptaturum (esse): the construction passes over into indirect discourse, depending on dicens or putans implied. aditus: the approaches'; the ways of addressing her so as to give the least offense. Sc. sint with Tempora, and sit with modus.

294. rebus: is in the dative with dexter; 'adapted to circumstances.' omnes: the Trojan chiefs.

296-449. Dido becomes aware of the secret preparation of the Trojans, and bitterly reproaching Aeneas, still begs him, with entreaties, and by repeated messages, conveyed by Anna, to change his purpose, or at least to postpone his departure.

297. prima excepit: the first to detect.'

298. Omnia- timens: 'fearing all things (even while) secure.' Eadem : 'the same' that had already roused Iarbas. impia: 'fell.' furenti: is proieptic. The report rendered her furious.