In more, Mortimer subdued, and delivered into the king's hands. When, as a reward for his good service, he obtained a grant of all Edric's estates, and seated himself thenceforward at Wigmore. Independently of these great Welsh territorial possessions, Ralph Mortimer enjoyed by the bounty of his royal master sundry lordships and manors in other parts of the realm, which he held at the time of the general survey. the beginning of Rurus's reign, Mortimer took part with Curthose, but he subsequently changed sides, and being constituted general of the forces sent to oppose that prince in Normandy, by King HENRY I., he totally routed the enemy, and brought Curthose prisoner to the king. This gallant person m. Milicent, dau. of -, by whom he had issue, HUGH, his successor. William, Lord of Chelmersh, and afterwards of Netherby. He was 8. by his son, HUGH DE MORTIMER, who being a person of a proud and turbulent spirit, opposed strenuously the accession of King HENRY II. upon the demise of STEPHEN, and induced Roger, Earl of Hereford, to fortify his castles of Gloucester and Hereford against the new monarch; himself doing the same with his castles of Cleobury, Wigmore, and Brugges (commonly called Bridgenorth). Whereupon Gilbert Foliot, at that time Bishop of Hereford, addressing himself to the Earl of Hereford (his kinsman), by fair persuasions soon brought him to peaceable submission. But Mortimer continuing obstinate, the king was forced to raise an army, and at the point of the sword to bring him to obedience. Between this rude baron, and Joceas de Dynant, at that time Lord of Ludlow, existed a feud, carried to so fierce a pitch, that Dynant could not pass safely out of his castle for fear of being taken by Mortimer's men. But it so happened, that setting his spies to take all advantages of Dynant, he was surprised himself, and carried prisoner to Ludlow, where he was detained until he paid a ransom of 3,000 marks of silver. He was oftentimes engaged against the Welsh, and he erected some strong castles in Wales. He likewise finished the foundation of the abbey of Wigmore, begun by his father, and in his old age became a canon of that house. He m. and had issue, ROGER, his successor. He d. in 1188, and was s. by his eldest son, ROGER DE MORTIMER, Lord of Wigmore. This feudal lord, like his predecessors, was in constant strife with the Welsh. At one time he sustained a great defeat in conjunction with Hugh de Say, but in the end he was victorious, and took twelve of their principal leaders in one battle. He also enlarged considerably his territories, and drove thieves and robbers from those parts. Being at one time present at the solemn anniversary of his father, he confirmed all his grants to the canons of Wigmore; adding, of his own gift, a spacious and fruitful pasture, lying adjacent to the abbey, called the Treasure of Mortimer. Upon which occasion his steward remonstrating with him for parting with so valuable a treasure, he replied, "I have laid up my treasure in that field, where thieves cannot steal or dig, or moth corrupt.' This Roger m. 1st, Milisent, dau. of - Ferrers, Earl of Derby, and had issue, HUGH, his successor, and two daus.; the elder, m. to Stephen le Gross; the younger, to Walkeline de Beauchamp. He m. 2ndly, Isabel, sister and heir of Hugh de Ferrers, of Oakham, in Rutlandshire, and of Lechelade and Lagebiry in Gloucestershire. All which lands he inherited upon the death of the said Hugh Ferrers; and by the lady he had three sons, Ralph, Robert, and Philip. He d. in 1215, and was 8. by his eldest son, " HUGH DE MORTIMER. This feudal lord in the baronial war adhered with unshaken fidelity to King JOHN. In the 16th of that monarch's reign he had a military summons to attend the king at Cirencester, with the other Barons Marchers. He m. Annora, dau. of William de Braose, and had 100 shillings in land with her. But having been severely wounded in a tournament, departed this life in November, 1227, leaving no issue, when he was s. by his half brother, RALPH DE MORTIMER, who, in the 12th HENRY III., paying £100 for his relief, had livery of all his lands, lying in the cos. of Gloucester, Southampton, Berks, Salop, and Hereford. This nobleman being of a martial disposition, erected several strong castles, by which he was enabled to extend his possessions against the Welsh; so that Prince Lewelin, seeing that he could not successfully cope with him, gave him his dau. Gladuse Duy, widow of Reginald de Braose, in marriage, and by this lady he had issue, ROGER, his successor; Peter John, a grey friar at Shrewsbury; Hugh, of Chelmersh, and a dau. Isolda, m. 1st, to Walter Balem, and 2ndly, to Hugh, Lord Audley. He d. in 1246, and was 8. by his eldest son, ROGER DE MORTIMER, who in the 31st HENRY III., paying 2000 marks to the king, had livery of all his lands, excepting those whereof Gladuse, his mother then surviving was endowed. In six years afterwards he attended the king in his expedition into Gascony, and in a few years subsequently, when Lewelin, Prince of Wales, began again to make incursions upon the marches, received command to assist Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, in the defence of the country lying between Montgomery, and the lands of the Earl of Gloucester. In the 42nd of the same reign he had another military summons to march with the king against the Welsh; and being in that service, had a special discharge of his scutage for those twenty-six knights' fees, and a sixth part which he held in right of Maud, his wife, one of the daus. and co-heirs of William de Braose, of Brecknock. In two years afterwards he was made captain-general of all the king's forces in Wales, all the barons marchers receiving command to be attendant on him with their whole strength; and he was the same year constituted governor of the castle of Hereford. But notwithstanding this extensive power, and those great resources, he was eventually worsted by Lewelin, and constrained to sue for permission to depart, which the Welsh prince, owing to his consanguinity, conceded. After this he took an active part in the contest between HENRY III. and the insurrectionary barons in favour of the former. He was at the battle of Lewes, whence he fled into Wales, and afterwards successfully planned the escape of Prince Edward. The exploit is thus detailed by Dugdale: "Seeing therefore his sovereign in this great distress, and nothing but ruine and misery attending himself, and all other the king's loyal subjects, he took no rest till he had contrived some way for their deliverance; and to that end sent a swift horse to the prince, then prisoner with the king in the castle of Hereford, with intimation that he should obtain leave to ride out for recreation, into a place called Widemersh; and that upon sight of a person mounted on a white horse, at the foot of Tulington Hill, and waving his bonnet (which was the Lord of Croft, as it was said), he should haste towards him with all possible speed. Which being accordingly done (though all the country thereabouts were thither called to prevent his escape), setting spurs to that horse he overwent them all. Moreover that being come to the park of Tulington, this Roger met him with five hundred armed men; and seeing many to pursue, chased them back to the gates of Hereford, making great slaughter amongst them." Having thus accomplished his prince's freedom, Mortimer, directing all his energies to the embodying a sufficient force to meet the enemy, soon placed Prince Edward in a situation to fight and win the great battle of Evesham (4 August, 1265), by which the king was restored to his freedom and his crown. In this celebrated conflict Mortimer commanded the third division of the royal army, and for his faithful services obtained, in the October following, a grant of the whole earldom and honour of Oxford, and all other the lands of Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, at that time and by that treason forfeited. The Dictum of Kenilworth followed soon after the victory of Evesham, by which the defeated barons were suffered to regain their lands upon the payment of a stipulated fine; but this arrangement is said to have caused great irritation amongst the barons marchers, (Mortimer with the rest), who had acquired grants of those estates. He was, however, subsequently entrusted, by the crown, with the castle of Hereford, which he had orders to fortify, and was appointed sheriff of Herefordshire. After the accession of EDWARD I. he continued to enjoy the sunshine of royal favour, and had other valuable grants from the crown. He m., as already stated, Maud, dau. and co-heir of William de Braose, of Brecknock, and had, with other issue, three sons, EDMUND, William, and Geffrey; upon whom, having procured the honour of knighthood to be conferred by King EDWARD I., he caused a tournament to be held, at his own cost, at Kenilworth, where he sumptuously entertained an hundred knights and as many ladies, for three days, the like whereof was never before known in England; and there began the round table, so called from the place wherein they practised those feats, which was encompassed by a strong wall, in a circular form. Upon the 4th day the golden lion, in token of triumph, having been yielded to him, he carried it (with all that company) to Warwick. The fame whereof being spread into foreign countries occasioned the Queen of Navarre to send him certain wooden bottles, bound with golden bars and wax, under the pretence of wine, but in truth filled with gold, which for many ages after were preserved in the Abbey of Wigmore. Whereupon for the love of that queen, he had added a carbuncle to his arms. By his wife he had several sons, whereof This celebrated feudal lord d. in 1282, and was s. by his eldest surviving son, SIR EDMUND MORTIMER, Lord of Wigmore, who m. Margaret, dau. of Sir William de Fiennes. In the 10th EDWARD I., he 8. his father, and the next year doing his homage, had livery of his lands. He was afterwards constantly employed in the Welsh wars, and was summoned to parliament as a baron, from 8 June, 1294, and from 23 June, 1295, to 2 June, 1302. His lordship was mortally wounded in 1303 at the battle of Buelt, against the Welsh, and dying almost immediately, at Wigmore Castle, was buried in the abbey there. He left issue, His lordship was s. by his eldest son, ROGER MORTIMER, 2nd baron, summoned to parliament from 22 February, 1306, to 3 December, 1326 (from the accession of EDWARD II., with the addition of "De Wigmore "). This nobleman, so notorious in our histories as the paramour of ISABEL, queen consort of the unfortunate EDWARD II., was in his sixteenth year at the time of his father's decease, and was placed by the king (EDWARD I.) in ward with PIERS GAVESTON, So that to redeem himself, and for permission to marry whom he pleased, he was obliged to pay Gaveston 2,500 marks, and thereupon m. Joane, dau. of Peter de Genevill, son of Geffrey de Genevill, Lord of Trim, in Ireland. In 34th EDWARD I. he received the honour of knighthood, and the same year attended the king into Scotland; where we find him again in the 3rd EDWARD II., and the same year he was constituted governor of the castle of Buelt, in Brecknockshire. In the 7th, 8th and 10th years he was likewise in Scotland, and was then appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland. During the remainder of the unhappy EDWARD's reign he attached himself to the interests of the queen, and at length fled with her and Prince Edward into France. Returning, however, and his party triumphing, he was advanced to the dignity of EARL OF MARCH Soon after the accession of King EDWARD III., and he held a round table the same year at Bedford. But hereupon becoming proud beyond measure (so that his own son, Geffrey, called him the King of Folly), he kept a round table of knights in Wales, in imitation of King ARTHUR. "Other particulars," says Dugdale, " of his haughtiness and insolence were these, viz., that with Queen ISABEL, he caused a parliament to be held at Northampton, where an unworthy agreement was made with the Scots, and Ragman's Roll of Homage of Scotland was traitorously delivered as also the black cross, which King EDWARD I. brought into England, out of the abbey of Scone, and then accounted a precious relique. That (with the queen) he caused the young king to ride twenty-four miles in one night, towards Bedford, to destroy the Earl of Lancaster and his adherents, saying that they imagined the king's death. That he followed Queen ISABEL to Nottingham, and lodged in one house with her. That he commanded the treasure of the realm, and assumed the authority, which by common consent in parliament was conferred upon Henry, Earl of Lancaster, at the king's coronation." His career was not however of long continuance, for, the king becoming sensible of his folly and vices, had him suddenly seized in the castle of Nottingham, and conveyed prisoner to London, where, been impeached before parliament, he was convicted under various charges, the first of which was privity to the murder of King EDWARD II. in Berkeley Castle; and receiving sentence of death was hanged in 1330, at the common gallows, called Elmes, near Smithfield, where his body was permitted to hang two days and two nights naked, before it was interred in the Grey Friers; whence in some years afterwards it was removed to Wigmore. The Earl of March left issue four sons and seven daus., viz., EDMUND (Sir), of whom presently Roger (Sir), who m., 1321, Lady Joane Butler. John, slain in a tournament at Shrewsbury. Katherine, m. to Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Joane, m. to James, Lord Audley. Agnes, m. to Laurence, Earl of Pembroke. Margaret, m. 1st, to Robert, 6th Earl of Oxford; and 2ndly, to Thomas (son and heir of Maurice), Lord Berkeley. Maud, m. to John de Cherlton, son and heir of John, Lord Powis. Blanch, m to Peter de Grandison. Beatrix, m. 1st, to Edward, son and heir of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl Marshal of England, and 2ndly, to Sir Thomas de Braose. Upon the execution and attainder of the earl all his honours became forfeited. But his eldest son, SIR EDMUND MORTIMER, although he did not succeed to the earldom, was summoned to parliament, as LORD MORTIMER, 20 November, 1331. His lordship m. Elizabeth, one of the daus., and at length co-heirs of Bartholomew (commonly called the Rich), Lord Badlesmere, of Ledes Castle, in Kent, by whom (who m.. after his decease, William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton) he had an only surviving son, his successor in 1331, ROGER MORTIMER, 6 1328, summoned to parliament as BARON MORTIMER, and BARON MORTIMER, of Wigmore, from 20 November, 1348, to 15 March, 1354. This nobleman at the time of his father's decease, was only three years of age, and during his minority his castles in the marches of Wales were committed to the custody of William, Earl of Northampton, who had m. his mother. In the 20th EDWARD III. he accompanied the king into France, and then received the honour of knighthood. In the 26th he was in a similar expedition, and in two years afterwards, obtaining a reversal of the attainder of his grandfather, he was restored to the EARLDOM OF MARCH, and to his forfeited lands. His lordship the next year was constable of Dover Castle, and warden of the Cinque Ports, and for some years afterwards he was in the wars of France. He m. Philippa, dau. of William de Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury, and had issue, Roger, who d. v. p. Margery, m. to John, Lord Audley, His lordship d. at Romera, in Burgundy, in 1359, being then commander of the English forces there, and a knight of the Garter. He was 8. by his son, EDMUND MORTIMER, 3rd Earl of March, b. 1352. This nobleman at the time of his father's death, was in minority, yet by reason of his singular knowledge and parts, he was employed at eighteen years of age, to treat with the commissioners of the King of France, touching a peace betwixt both realms. In the 1st RICHARD II., he was sworn to the privy council, and in two years afterwards, constituted lord lieutenant of Ireland, in which government he d. in 1381. His lordship m. the Lady PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET, dau. and heir of Lionel, Duke of Clarence (by Elizabeth, his wife, dau. and heir of William, son and heir of John de Burgh, Earl of Ulster), by whom he had issue, ROGER, his successor. Edmund (Sir), m. the dau. of Owen Glendour, and his issue is said to have settled in Scotland. John (Sir), who, being arraigned in parliament, temp. HENRY His lordship d. in 1381, and was 8. by his eldest son, ROGER MORTIMER, 4th Earl of March, who being but seven years old, at the decease of his father, was committed in ward, by the king, to Richard, Earl of Arundel; and when he came of age, found, by the care of those who had the management of his estate, all his castles and houses in good repair, and pletely stocked with cattle, and in his treasury, no less than amply stored with rich furniture, while his lands were com40,000 marks. This Roger being a hopeful youth, and every way accomplished, was, soon after his father's death, made lieutenant of Ireland; and in parliament, held 9th RICHARD II., was declared, by reason of his descent from Lionel, Duke of Clarence, heir presumptive to the crown. His lordship m. Alianore, dau. of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, sister of Thomas, by whom (who m. 2ndly, Edward, Lord Powis; and 3rdly, John, Duke of Surrey, and sister and co-heir of Edmund, Earl of Kent, Lord Dudley), he had issue, Alianore, m. to Edward, son of Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, but d. 8. p. His lordship was slain in battle, in Ireland, in 1398, and was 8. by his son, EDMUND MORTIMER, 5th Earl of March. This nobleman being but six years of age, at his father's death, was committed by King HENRY IV., to Henry, Prince of Wales, his son; out of whose custody he was shortly after stolen away by the Lady de Spencer; but being discovered in Chittham Woods, they kept him afterwards, under stricter guard, for he was the rightful heir to the crown of England, by his descent from Lionel, Duke of Clarence. This nobleman was frequently engaged in the wars of France, temp. HENRY V., and in the 1st HENRY VI. he was constituted lord lieutenant of Ireland. His lordship m. Anne, dau. of Edmund, Earl of Stafford, but d. 8. p., in 1424, when the Earldom of March became EXTINCT, but the Baronies of Mortimer, created by the writs of EDWARD I. and EDWARD III. devolved upon his lordship's nephew, RICHARD PLANTAGENET, Duke of York, son of his sister Anne, Countess of Cambridge; and upon the accession of the son and heir of the said Duke of York to the throne, as EDWARD IV., these baronies, with his other dignities, became merged in the crown. Thus terminated the male line of the illustrious family of Mortimer, Earls of March; and their great estates, with the right to the throne, passed to RIChard, Duke oF YORK, son of the last earl's sister, the LADY ANNE MORTIMER, by her husband, Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge. Arms-Barry of six, or and az.. on a chief of the 1st. two pallets between two base esquierres of the 2nd, over all an inescocheon arg. MORTIMER-BARON MORTIMER, OF RICHARD'S CASTLE. By Writ of Summons, dated 26 January, 1297. Lineage. The founder of this branch of the MORTIMERS in England, was, ROBERT DE MORTIMER (the presumed son or brother of the the 1st Hugh de Mortimer, of Wigmore, ancestor of the Earls of March), who m. Margery, only dau. and heiress of Hugh de Ferrers, and grand-dau. of Hugh de Say,* Lord of Richard's Castle, co. Hereford, by which alliance he acquired that, and other considerable manors, and in the 12th HENRY II. he certified his knights' fees of this honour to be in number twentythree. In the 17th JOHN he had a grant from the king of all those lands in Berwic, in Sussex, which had belonged to Mabel de Say, mother of Margery, his wife, and then in the possession of Robert Marmion, the younger. He d. about the year 1219, and was s. by his son, HUGH DE MORTIMER, who, in the 43rd HENRY III., upon the death of William de Stutevill, 2nd husband of his mother, had livery of all those lands of her inheritance, upon the payment of £100 for his relief, which he the said William held as tenant by the courtesy of England during his life. In the next year, Hugh Mortimer, being one of the Barons Marchers, had command to repair personally to his house, at Richard's Castle, and there to attend the directions of Roger, Lord Mortimer, of Wigmore, whom the king had then constituted captain-general of all his forces in those parts, to oppose the hostilities of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales. In the contest between HENRY III. and the barons, this feudal lord siding with the former, was obliged to surrender Richard's Castle, after the defeat of Lewes, but he regained possession of that and all his other lands, by the triumph of Evesham, In the 1st EDWARD I., he executed * HUGH DE SAY was feudal lord of Richard's Castle, co Hereford, one of the possessions of his ancestor, RICHARD (surnamed Scrupe), in EDWARD THE CONFESSOR's days, whence it derives its denomination. In the 22nd HENRY II., this Hugh paid 20 marks to the king for trespassing in the royal forests, and in the 31st of the same reign, 200 marks for livery of his lands. He m. Lucia, dau. of Walter de Clifford, and left an only dau. and heir, the office of sheriff for the cos. of Salop and Stafford, and dying in two years afterwards, was 8. by his son, ROBERT DE MORTIMER, who m. Joice, dau. and heir of William La Zouch, 2nd son of Roger, 2nd Baron Zouch, of Ashby, and had issue, HUGH, his successor. William, who inheriting from the Zouches the lordship of Ashby de la Zouch, assumed the surname of ZOUCHE (see ZOUCHE, of Mortimer). This feudal lord d. in 1287, and was 8. by his elder son, HUGH DE MORTIMER, who was summoned to parliament as a Baron, 26 January, 1229, and from that time to 10 April, 1299, in which latter year he was in the wars of Scotland. His lordship d. in 1304, leaving by Maud, his wife, two daus., his coheirs, viz., I. JOANE MORTIMER, m. 1st, to Thomas de Bikenore, by whom she had no issue. and 2ndly, to Sir Richard Talbot (a younger son of Richard, Lord Talbot, of Eccleswall, in Herefordshire), who thus founded the House of TALBOT, of Richard's Castle. By this, her 2nd husband, Joane Mortimer had three sons, JOHN (Sir), Thomas, and Richard, and was 8. by the eldest, SIR JOHN TALBOT, of Richard's Castle, who m. Joane, dau of Roger, Lord Grey, of Ruthyn, and was 8. by his elder son, JOHN TALBOT, of Richard's Castle, who left at his ELIZABETH TALBOT. m. to Sir Warine Archdeckne, of PHILIPPA TALBOT, m. to Sir Matthew Gournay. II. MARGARET MORTIMER, M. to Geffery Cornwall, and was mother of Sir Geoffrey Cornwall, of Burford. Upon the decease of his lordship, the Barony of Mortimer, of Richard's Castle, fell into ABEYANCE, in which state it is supposed still to remain, amongst the descendants and representatives of his above-mentioned daus. Arms-Similar to those of the Earls of March, with a bend guies. MORTIMER-BARON MORTIMER OF CHIRKE. By Writ of Summons, dated 26 August, 1307. Lineage. ROGER MORTIMER, 2nd son of Roger Mortimer, 5th fendal Lord of Wigmore, by Maud, dau. of William de Braose, of Brecknock, settled himself at Chirke, part of the territor es of Griffith ap Madoc, and was summoned to parliament from 6 February, 1299, to 3 November, 1306, as "Rogers de Mortuomari," ani as BARON MORTIMER, of Chirke, from 26 August, 1307, to 15 May, 1321. The manner in which his lordship acquired Chirke, is thus detailed by Powel, the Welsh historian:"Griffith ap Madoc," saith he, "took part with King HENRY III. and King EDWARD I., against the Prince of North Wales, and died, leaving his children within age; shortly after which followed the destruction of two of them; for King EDWARD gave the wardship of Madoc (the elder of them), who had for his part the lordship of Bromfield, &c., as also the castle of Dinas-Bran, to John, Earl of Warren; and of Llewelin, the younger, to whose part the lordships of Chirke, &c., fell, to Roger Mortimer, a younger son of Roger Mortimer, Lord of Wigmore; which guardians forgetting the services done by Griffith ap Madoc, their father, so guarded these, their wards, that they never returned to their possessions, and shortly after obtained these lands to themselves by charter."* Being thus Griffith and Llewelyn were the sons of MADOC VYCHAN, Lord of Bromfield, in Powys, living 22 December, 1270, and 3 December, 6th EDWARD I., when he was under age, son of Griffith ap Madoc, Lord of Bromfield, great-grandson and representative of Madoc ap Meredith, last Prince of Powys-Fadoc (refer to Cherlton of Powys). By Margaret, his wife, who was Mabel, who m. HUGH DE FERRERS, by whom she had an only living 4 January, 9th EDWARD I., and 3 May, 12th EDWARD I., dau. and heir, MARGERY FERRERS, who m. Robert Mortimer, as in the text. Madoc Vychan was father of the two children referred to; 1 GRIFFITH AP MADOC VYCHAN; 2 Llewelyn Vychan ap Muioc Vychan, whose territory EDWARD I., by charter dated at Salop, seated here, he built the castle of Chirke; and during the reign of EDWARD I., was constantly employed in the wars of France, Scotland, and Wales, of which latter he was constituted the king's lieutenant, having all the castles in the principality committed to his custody; and he was subsequently made justice of all Wales. In the time of EDWARD II., his martial spirit continued and we find him ever in the field, either in Scotland or in Wales; he ended his career, however, in the Tower; for being one of the opponents of the Spencers, and amongst those lords who condemned them to exile, so soon as the king recovered his authority, his lordship and his nephew, Lord Mortimer of Wigmore, submitting themselves, were committed to the Tower of London, in which confinement this nobleman is said to have died, anno 1336. His lordship m. Lucia, dau. of Sir Robert de Wafre, Knt., and dying 1336, was 8. by his son, ROGER MORTIMER, of Chirke, never summoned to parliament, who m. Joane Turberville, and was 8. by his son, JOHN MORTIMER, who was never summoned to parliament, nor were any of his descendants. This personage sold his lordship of Chirke to Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. Arms-Same as the Earls of March, with due difference. MORTIMER-EARL OF ULSTER. (See MORTIMER, Earl of March.) MOWBRAY-BARONS MOWBRAY, EARLS OF NOTTINGHAM, DUKES OF NORFOLK, EARLS-MARSHAL, EARLS OF WARREN AND SURREY. Barony, by Writ of Summons, dated 23 June, 1295. Lineage. The MOWBRAYS, DUKES OF NORFOLK, were from an ancient period a great baronial family, and made a succession of fortunate alliances. The royal match of John, Lord Mowbray, with Elizabeth Segrave, whose mother was Margaret, Countess of Norfolk, dau, and heir of Thomas, Earl of Norfolk, son of King EDWARD I., may be considered the first step from baronial rank. King RICHARD II., constituted Thomas, son of the great alliance, Earl Marshal in 1386, and created him Duke of Norfolk in 1396, when his grandmother, Margaret, was also advanced to be Duchess of Norfolk. The duke, preparing in 1398 to fight a duel with Henry, Duke of Hereford, afterwards King HENRY IV., was banished, and d. in exile next year. The family was restored and continued for four generations down to Anne, the infant dau. and heiress of John, 4th duke, whom King EDWARD IV. m. as a child, to his 2nd son, Richard, Duke of York, then a young boy, and he made a settlement of the title and estate upon him and his heirs. She d. immediately afterwards, in 1478, but the Duke of York continued in possession till he was murdered with his brother, King EDWARD V., by their uncle, RICHARD, 20 June, 1483. All EDWARD's plans for seizing the Mowbray property being thus terminated, and RICHARD III., wishing to secure vigorous allies, the succession 2 June, in the 10th year of his reign, 1282, granted to Roger Mortimer, the younger. The elder son, GRIFFITH AP MADOC VYCHAN, was living 11 January, 6th EDWARD I., 1278, and 7 October, 10th EDWARD I., at which latter date the English monarch, by charter, dated at Rhuddlan, granted to John de Warren, Earl of Surrey, "Castrumn Dinas Bran qd. fuit in manu pria. in pncipio. psentes. guerre nre. Wall et totam terram de Bromfield que Griffinus et Lewelinus filii Madoci Vaghan p. se vl. p. tutores seu custodes suos in pcipio. guerre illius tenerit (except the castle of Hope); also terram de Yal que fuent Griffini Vaghan fil Griffini de Bromfield, inimici nre." A charter dated at Rhuddlan, 12 February, 11th EDWARD I.. sets forth "sciatis quod ad requisitem. Johannis de Warren, Comitis Surr. concesss. Griffino Vaghan filio Madeci qd. teneat terram de Glyndordo de nob. voluntatem nram." to the estates was allowed to open to the Berkeleys and Howards, the heirs of the daus. of the duke, who d. in exile în 1400, eighty-three years before, and King RICHARD, on the 3rd day of his reign, 28 June, 1483, created William, Viscount Berkeley, Earl of Nottingham, and John, Lord Howard (who had been first raised to be a baron by his brother EDWARD), at once Duke of Norfolk and Marshal of England. The family was founded by NIGIL DE ALBINI, brother of William de Albini, from whom the ancient Earls of Arundel descended. The Albinis, who were maternally of the house of Mowbray, came into England with the CONQUEROR, and obtained large possessions after the victory of Hastings. Nigil's grants lay in the cos. of Bucks, Bedford, Warwick, and Leicester, and comprised several extensive lordships. In the reign of RUFUS, he was bow-bearer to the king and being girt with the sword of knighthood by King HENRY I., had the manor of Egmanton, with divers parks in the forest of Shirwood, of that monarch's gift; which lordship he transferred however, to his particular friend, Robert Davil. But when King HENRY had further experience of his great valour and military skill, he augmented his royal bounty, and conferred upon him the vavassories of Camvile and Wyvile; which gracious mark of favour so attached Albini to the interests of his sovereign, that he espoused with the most devoted zeal the cause of HENRY, against his brother, Robert Curthose, and taking a conspicuous part at the battle of Tenerchebray, he there slew the horse of Curthose, and brought the prince himself to the king; for which eminent service, HENRY conferred upon him the lands of Robert, Baron of Frontebeof, namely Stutevile, in England, which Frontebeof had fortified in behalf of Curthose. After which, King HENRY besieging a castle in Normandy, this gallant Sir Nigil first entered the breech, sword in hand, and delivered up the fortress to the king, which achievement was remunerated by a royal grant of the forfeited lands of his maternal uncle, Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, both in Normandy and England; as also his castles, with the castle of Bayeux and its appurtenances; so that he had no less than 120 knights' fees in Normandy, and as many in England; thus becoming one of the most powerful persons of the period in which he lived. Sir Nigil de Albini m. 1st, Maud, dau. of Richard de Aquila, by permission of Pope PASCHALL; her husband Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, before-mentioned, being then alive, and in prison for rebellion against WILLIAM RUFUS; from this lady he was, however, divorced, on account of consanguinity, and by her he had no issue. He m. 2ndly, in 1118, Gundred, dau. of Gerald de Gorney, by the special advice of King HENRY I., and had two sons, ROGER, his successor, who, possessing the lands of Mowbray, assumed, by command of King HENRY, the surname of MOWBRAY. Henry, who had the lordship and barony of Camho, and was ancestor of the Albinis, feudal lords of that place. This great feudal baron d. at an advanced age, and was buried with his ancestor, in the abbey of Bec, in Normandy. He was s. by his elder son, ROGER DE MOWBRAY, who, although not yet of age, was one of the chief commanders, at the memorable battle fought, anno 1138, with the Scots, near Northallerton, known in history as the battle of the Standard; and adhering to King STEPHEN, in his contest with the empress, he was taken prisoner with that monarch at the battle of Lincoln. In 1148, he accompanied LEWIS, King of France, to the Holy Land, and there acquired great renown by vanquishing a stout and hardy Pagan in single combat. He was afterwards involved in the rebellion of Prince Henry, against King HENRY II., and lost some of his castles. His grants to the church were munificent in the extreme; and his piety was so fervent, that he again assumed the cross, and made a second journey to the Holy Land, where he was made prisoner, but redeemed by the knights Templars; he d. however, soon after in the East, and was buried at Sures. Some authorities say that he returned to England, and living fifteen years longer, was buried in the abbey of Riland. He m. Alice de Gant, and was 8. by his elder son, NIGIL DE MOWBRAY, who attended amongst the barons, in the 1st RICHARD I., at the solemn coronation of that monarch; and in the 3rd of the same reign, assuming the cross, set out for Palestine, but d. upon his journey. He m. Mabel, dau. of the Earl of Clare, and had issue, WILLIAM, Robert, Philip, 1st of Barnbougle in Scotland, and Roger ancestor of Mowbray, of Kirklington. Nigil de Mowbray d. 1191, and was 8. by his eldest son, WILLIAM DE MOWBRAY, who in the 6th RICHARD I., paying £100 for his relief, had livery of his lands. This feudal lord, upon the accession of King Jonn, was tardy in pledging his allegiance, and at length only swore fealty upon condition that |