Page images
PDF
EPUB

which is absurd: therefore the circle ABCD is not to the circle B. XII. EFGH as the cone AL to any solid which is less than the cone EN. In the same manner it may be demonstrated that the circle EFGH is not to the circle ABCD as the cone EN to any solid less than the cone AL. Nor can the circle ABCD be to the circle EFGH as the cone AL to any solid greater than the cone EN: for, if it be possible, let it be so to the solid I, which is greater than the cone EN: therefore, by inversion, as the circle EFGH to the circle ABCD, so is the solid I to the cone AL: but as the solid I to the cone AL, so is the cone EN to some solid, which must be less a than the cone AL, because the solid I is a 14. 5. greater than the cone EN: therefore, as the circle EFGH is to the circle ABCD, so is the cone EN to a solid less than the cone AL, which was shown to be impossible: therefore the circle ABCD is not to the circle EFGH as the cone AL is to any solid greater than the cone EN: and it has been demonstrated that neither is the circle ABCD to the circle EFGH, as the cone AL to any solid less than the cone EN: therefore the circle ABCD is to the circle EFGH, as the cone AL to the cone EN: but as the cone is to the cone, sob is the cylinder to the cylinder, because b*15. 5. the cylinders are triple of the cone, each to each. Therefore, c 10. 12. as the circle ABCD to the circle EFGH, so are the cylinders upon them of the same altitude. Wherefore, cones and cylinders of the same altitude are to one another as their bases. Q. E. D.

PROP. XII. THEOR.

SIMILAR cones and cylinders have to one ano- See N. ther the triplicate ratio of that which the diameters of their bases have.

Let the cones and cylinders of which the bases are the circles ABCD, EFGH, and the diameters of the bases AC, EG, and KL, MN the axis of the cones or cylinders, be similar: the cone of which the base is the circle ABCD, and vertex the point L, has to the cone of which the base is the circle EFGH, and ver tex N, the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG.

For, if the cone ABCDL has not to the cone EFGHN the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG, the cone ABCDL shall have the triplicate of that ratio to some solid which is less or

B. XII. greater than the cone EFGHN. First, let it have it to a less, viz. to the solid X. Make the same construction as in the preceding proposition, and it may be demonstrated the very same way as in that proposition, that the pyramid of which the base is the polygon EOFPGRHS, and vertex N, is greater than the solid X. Describe also in the circle ABCD the polygon ATBYCVDQ similar to the polygon EOFPGRHS, upon which erect a pyramid having the same vertex with the cone; and let LAQ be one of the triangles containing the pyramid upon the polygon ATBYCVDQ, the vertex of which is L; and let NES be one of the triangles containing the pyramid upon the

[blocks in formation]

11.

[ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed]

polygon EOFPGRHS, of which the vertex is N; and join KQ, MS: because then the cone ABCDL is similar to the cone a 24. def. EFGHN, AC is a to EG, as the axis KL to the axis MN; and as AC to EG, so bis AK to EM; therefore as AK to EM, so is KL to MN; and, alternately, AK to KL, as EM to MN: and the right angles AKL, EMN are equal; therefore the sides about these equal angles being proportionals, the triangle AKL is similar to the triangle EMN. Again, because AK is to KQ, as EM to MS, and that these sides are

b 15. 5.

c 6. 6.

about equal angles AKQ, EMS, because these angles are, each B. XII. of them, the same part of four right angles at the centres K, M; therefore the triangle AKQ is similar to the triangle EMS: a 6. 6. and because it has been shown that as AK to KL, so is EM to MN, and that AK is equal to KQ, and EM to MS, as QK to KL, so is SM to MN; and therefore the sides about the right angles QKL, SMN being proportionals, the triangle LKQ is similar to the triangle NMS: and because of the similarity of the triangles AKL, EMN, as LA is to AK, so is NE to EM; and by the similarity of the triangles AKQ, EMS, as KA to AQ, so ME to ES; ex æqualib, LA is to AQ, as NE to ES. Again, be- b 22. 5. cause of the similarity of the triangles LQK, NSM, as LQ to QK, so NS to SM: and from the similarity of the triangles KAQ, MES, as KQ to QA, so MS to SE; ex æquali b, LQ is to QA, as NS to SE: and it was proved that QA is to AL, as SE to EN; therefore, again, ex æquali, as QL to LA, so is SN to NE: wherefore the triangles LQA, NSE, having the sides about all their angles proportionals, are equiangular and similar to c 5. 6. one another: and therefore the pyramid of which the base is the triangle AKQ, and vertex L, is similar to the pyramid the base of which is the triangle EMS, and vertex N, because their solid angles are equal d to one another, and they are contained ₫ B. 11. by the same number of similar planes: but similar pyramids which have triangular bases have to one another the triplicate e ratio of that which their homologous sides have; therefore e 8. 12. the pyramid AKQL has to the pyramid EMSN the triplicate ratio of that which AK has to EM. In the same manner, if straight lines be drawn from the points D, V, C, Y, B, T to K, and from the points H, R, G, P, F, O to M, and pyramids be erected upon the triangles having the same vertices with the cones, it may be demonstrated that each pyramid in the first cone has to each in the other, taking them in the same order, the triplicate ratio of that which the side AK has to the side EM; that is, which AC has to EG: but as one antecedent to its consequent, so are all the antecedents to all the consequents f; therefore as the pyramid AKQL to the pyra- f 12. 5. mid EMSN, so is the whole pyramid the base of which is the polygon DQATBYCV, and vertex L, to the whole pyramid of which the base is the polygon HSEOFPGR, and vertex N. Wherefore also the first of these two last named pyramids has to the other the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG. But, by the hypothesis, the cone of which the base is the circle ABCD, and vertex L, has to the solid X, the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG; therefore, as the cone of which the base is the circle ABCD and vertex L, is to the

B. XII. solid X, so is the pyramid the base of which is the polygon DQATBYCV, and vertex L, to the pyramid the base of which is the polygon HSEOFPGR and vertex N: but the said cone is greater than the pyramid contained in it, therefore the solid a 14. 5. X is greater a than the pyramid, the base of which is the polygon HSEOFPGR, and vertex N; but it is also less; which is impossible: therefore the cone of which the base is the circle

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

ABCD, and vertex L, has not to any solid which is less than the cone of which the base is the circle EFGH and vertex N, the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG. In the same manner it may be demonstrated that neither has the cone EFGHN to any solid which is less than the cone ABCDL, the triplicate ratio of that which EG has to AC. Nor can the cone ABCDL have to any solid which is greater than the cone EFGHN, the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG: for, if it be possible, let it have it to a greater, viz. to the solid Z: therefore, inversely, the solid Z has to the cone ABCDL, the triplicate ratio of that which EG has to AC: but as the solid Z is to

the cone ABCDL, so is the cone EFGHN to some solid, B. XII. which must be less a than the cone ABCDL, because the solid Z is greater than the cone EFGHN: therefore the cone EFGHN a 14. 5. has to a solid which is less than the cone ABCDL, the triplicate ratio of that which EG has to AC, which was demonstrated to be impossible: therefore the cone ABCDL has not to any solid greater than the cone EFGHN the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG: and it was demonstrated that it could not have that ratio to any solid less than the cone EFGHN: therefore the cone ABCDL has to the cone EFGHN the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG: but as the cone is to the cone, so b is the cylinder to the cylinder; for every cone is the b 15. 5. third part of the cylinder upon the same base, and of the same altitude: therefore also the cylinder has to the cylinder the triplicate ratio of that which AC has to EG. Wherefore, similar cones, &c. Q. E. D.

PROP. XIII. THEOR.

IF a cylinder be cut by a plane parallel to its op- See N. posite planes, or bases; it divides the cylinder into two cylinders, one of which is to the other as the axis of the first to the axis of the other.

L

R

[blocks in formation]

A

B

Let the cylinder AD be cut by the plane GH, parallel to the opposite planes AB, CD, meeting the axis EF in the point K, and let the line GH be the common section of the plane GH and the surface of the cylinder AD: let AEFC be the parallelogram, in any position of it, by the revolution of which about the straight line EF the cylinder AD is described; and let GK be the common section of the plane GH, and the plane AEFC: and because the parallel planes AB, GH are cut by the plane G AEKG, AE, KG, their common sections with it, are parallela; wherefore AK is a parallelogram, and GK equal to EA the straight line from the centre of the circle AB: for the same reason, each of the straight lines

[blocks in formation]

C

[blocks in formation]

T

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
« PreviousContinue »