-

383-6. Proinde — tibi,' thunder away, then, with your eloquence, as you are wont to do: 'quando,' since; spoken in irony. Proinde,' a dissyllable; Gr. § 306. passim agros,' and everywhere adorn the fields with trophies; 'Insignis' is a verb here.

389-91. Quid — erit,' why do you delay? Will your valor always be situated in your boasting tongue, and in those swift feet of yours? 393-4. Iliaco-Sanguine videbit,' who sees the overflowing Tiber swollen with Trojan blood.

397-400. die,' in one day: 'Inclusus muris,' when I was shut up within their walls; see Book IX. 724-30. Nulla tuis,' "no safety in war," do you say? Go, madman, and prate about such things to the Trojan chief and your own party; insinuating that he is a traitor.

402-5.bis victa; first, by Hercules; see note to Book II. 642; secondly, by the Greeks. premere,' underrate, undervalue. Deriding the fears of Drances, Turnus ironically declares, that even Achilles and Diomed would now tremble before the Trojan arms, and the rivers would roll back their waters. Myrmidonum'; see note to Book II. 7. 'Larissæus'; see note to Book II. 197. 'Aufidus.' now the Lofanto, flows into the Adriatic. In its fright, it would flow back from this sea. 406-9. See lines 348 and 364. jurgia,' threats: Artificis scelus,' for scelestus artifex,' this wicked calumniator: crimen,' the accusation. moveri,' to be frightened: 'habitet'; 'tua anima' understood.

415-7. Although, if any of our former manliness remained to us, O! he would seem to us happier than the others, even in his misfortunes, and noble in mind, who, rather than see any such disgrace, &c; ' mihi,' for nobis,' in the warmth of speech.

421-4. Sin - Sanguine,' if, also, victory has been obtained by the Trojans with great loss of blood: Tempestas, for clades ante tubam,' before the cominencement of the fight, the signal for which was a blast from the trumpet.

425-9. Multa - melius,' if the lapse of time, and the changeable movements of the fickle years have altered many things for the better: in solido,' on a firm foundation. Time changes much, and Fortune may favor to-morrow those whom she persecutes to-day. Etolus et Arpi'; see lines 239 and 250, and notes. 'Tolumnius' was a princely soothsayer, called 'felix,' from his success in divination.

433. Repeated from Book VII. 804.

435-6. tantùm — fugit,' and I am so great an obstacle to the public good; Victory is not so hostile to me, as to shun these hands of mine. 438-9.vel - Achillem,' even if he should show himself as great as Achilles: 'paria,' equal to those of Achilles.

he

442-4. Solum-tollat,' Eneas calls for me alone, and I pray that may continue to call. Nor shall Drances, rather than I, suffer death, if this is a judgment of the gods, or if glory and the reward of valor are to be had, shall he obtain them. He shall have no share either in defeat or victory.

449-50. Instructos acie,' in battle array: totis - campis,' were approaching, covering the whole plain.

452-3.etire, and their zeal for the fight was roused with great excitement. 'trepidi,' trembling with haste, not with fear; hurried: 'fremit,' for 'cum fremitu postulat.'

455. Dissensu vario,' with various and dissenting cries, some advising one course, and some another.

457. amne Padusa'; the southern mouth of the river Po.

459. arrepto tempore,' seizing this occasion. Turnus speaks in irony. 462. Corripuit sese,' he hastily started off.

464-5. Equitem — campis,' do you, Messapus, and Coras with your brother, draw out the armed cavalry over the broad plain.

467. Cætera manus,' let the rest of the army:quâ jusso,' where I shall direct; 'jusso' for 'jussero'; Gr. § 322. 4.

470-6. ac differt,' troubled by this sad occasion, puts off his plans for another time. Multa,' for 'multùm': 'urbi,' for 'in urbis regnum.' 'Præfodiunt,' dig ditches in front of the gates: signum cruentum,' the signal for bloody war. 'variâ coronâ,' with a miscellaneous band girdling the walls. labor ultimus,' extreme necessity.

480. oculos-decoros,' her beautiful eyes bent on the ground.

483-5. Tritonia'; see note to Book: II. 171. 'prædonis'; see Book X. 774. portis altis,' prostrate him under our lofty gates. 488-9. auro, golden greaves: Tempora- adhuc '; he had not yet put on his helmet.

491. et hostem,' and anticipates in hope the presence of the enemy. 492-7. This picture of a runaway horse is given with wonderful spirit and graphic distinctness. abruptis vinclis,' having broken his halter: Tandem liber,' free at last: 'tendit in pastus,' goes towards the pasture: assuetus - noto,' according to his wont, to wash himself in the well known stream: arrectis - Luxurians,' with upraised neck, neighs loudly and exultingly: ludunt, float loosely.

6

499. 'regina,' Camilla: sub ipsis portis, close by the gate. 501-2.defluxit equis,' dismounted in a body from their horses. "Turneforti,' Turnus, if a brave man rightly has confidence in himself. 506-7. Do you remain on foot with the foot soldiers -near the walls, and guard the city. horrendâ,' worthy of admiration. 508-10. quas-laborem,' what thanks can I utter, or what may 1 prepare to offer you? But пого, divide the task with me, since this courage of yours is above all dangers; 'omnia,'' pericula' understood.

511-5. fidem,' trustworthy news: equitum - urbem,' Eneas has cunningly sent forward the light-armed cavalry to scour the plains; he himself, passing over the heights, is approaching the city by a steep and lonely mountain path. Turnus sends Camilla and Messapus with the cavalry against the Trojan horse, and takes the infantry himself to lie in ambush against Eneas on the mountains. Furta belli,' an ambuscade: convexo in tramite,' in a winding path.

516-7. fauces,' mountain pass. Do you go to meet the Tuscan caralry-collatis signis,' in regular battle, not in ambush. "Tyrrhenum equitem'; the cavalry sent by Evander.

519. And the troops from the city of Tibur; see Book VII. 670-2; and do you take the office of their leader.

522-5. Est- valles,' a valley runs in a winding direction: 'quam -latus,' which a hill-side, dark with thick forests, hems in on either side: tenuis,' narrow: 'aditus maligni,' difficult entrance and exit.

527.ignota,' to the Trojans: tuti receptus,' a safe hiding-place. 530-1. juvenis,' Turnus: 'notâ regione viarum,' by well known paths: silvis iniquis,' nearly impervious woods.

532-5. Meanwhile, in the celestial habitations, the sad Diana addressed the swift Opis, one of the sacred band of her attendant virgins, and uttered these words: Camilla is going to the cruel war, &c; ' Latonia,' Diana was the daughter of Latona.

539-40. vires superbas,' for 'superbiam'; his haughty conduct: 'antiquâ urbe Priverno,' from the ancient city of Privernum, of which Metabus was king. The city was in the country of the Volsci, where Piperno now stands.

543. mutatâ parte,'' nominis' understood.

544-5. Ipse nemorum, carrying her before him in the folds round his bosom, he himself sought the distant hills in the solitary woods: 'premebant,' followed closely upon him.

547-9. Amasenus; see note to Book VII. 685. 'tantus- - Ruperat,' so heavy a shower had fallen from the clouds, and swelled the stream. 550-5. Omnia - sedit,' with difficulty he fixed upon this plan, after he had hastily turned over in his mind all the chances. Telum Huic'; for this change of construction, see Gr. § 323. 3. (5.) 'Huic

- Implicat,' to this he attaches his daughter, having wrapped her up in the bark of the wild cork tree: 'habilem'; so as to be easily thrown.

558-60. 'Ipse — fugit,' I, her father, devote her to you as a handmaid; she now, as a suppliant, flies from the enemy through the air, for the first time holding your weapon; that is, the spear to which she was bound. The attendants of the divine huntress, Diana, carried spears. 'dubiis,' dangerous.

563. Infelix'; in reference to her now impending fate.

565-6. atque - vellit,' and victoriously plucks out from the grassy turf the spear, with the virgin now-donum,' consecrated to — Diana; Trivia; see notes to Book VII. 774. and IV. 511.

568-9. neque · 6 ævum,' nor would he himself, from the wildness of his character, have submitted to live within doors. He led the life of the shepherds, passed upon the solitary mountains; dare manus,' to submit. 573-4. Utque-Institerat,' and when the infant first left an imprint from the soles of her little feet on the ground; primis,' for 'primùm.' 577. The skin of a tiger hung from her head over her back.

579-82. See Book IX. 586-7, and note: Strymoniam '; see note to Geor. I. 120. 'Diana'; with the service of Diana.

584-5. Intemerata,' chaste: 'Vellem― tali,' I could wish that she had not been attracted into such a war.

588. Descend from heaven, O nymph, and visit the Latin country. 590-1. Hæc cape'; as Diana speaks, she gives a bow and quiver to the nymph. corpus,' of Camilla.

593-5. nube cava,' in an enveloping cloud: 'Inspoliata,' not deprived of her arms; illa,' the nymph Opis.

599-600. Compositi - turmas,' drawn out by number into troops: 'pressis habenis,' as we say, pulling on the bit: pugnat' refers to his impatience of control. This, with the next two lines, is very graphic and spirited.

604-7.ala,' troop of horse: hastas dextris,' with their right arms drawn back, (so as to give force to the blow,) they level their spears from afar. Adventus'; so Milton; "Far off his coming shone." 'ardescit,' grows louder, is heard more plainly. This description of the ap proach of the two armies and the beginning of the fight is unequalled for vividness and grandeur.

609-11. When they arrive within a spear's throw, each army makes a sudden halt; then a shout breaks forth, and they urge on their eager steeds. fundunt - ritu,' then, on all sides, they rain down the weapons, thick as the snow falls.

613-6. Dant ruinam,' meet with a shock: 'perfracta rumpunt,' for 'perfringunt; the horses dash full against each other. 'Excussus,' thrown off: aut-acti,' or of a weighty missile driven by a catapult. 619-20. Rejiciunt parmas,' put their bucklers behind them, to guard their backs: agunt,' drive on.

622-8.mollia colla,' the flexible necks of their horses: Hi,' the Trojans datis habenis,' giving the reins; that is, at full speed. As when the sea, running up the shore with waves alternately advancing and retreating. extremam arenam,' and washes the uppermost sands with its winding wave. 'littus-relinquit,' and the wave receding leaves the shore.

630. Twice driven back, they turn the other way, covering their backs with their shields.

632. legit vir,' each man selects an opponent.

636-7. Orsilochus - equo,' Orsilochus (a Trojan) hurls his spear against the horse of Remulus, since he dared not attack Remulus himself. 640. ille,' Remulus: Catillus,' 'dejicit' understood.

642-5. nudo Cæsaries,' whose yellow hair falls over his uncovered head, unprotected by a helmet: Tantus- patet,' so much of his body is exposed to the weapons of the enemy; he scorned to wear de

fensive armour. duplicat dolore,' and, having pierced the man, him down convulsively with the pain.

bends

648-52. Amazon; Camilla is so called from her resemblance to these warrior women. 'Unum-pugnæ,' one breast uncovered for the fight; see Book I. 492. and note. And now throws a shower of pliant spears from her hand. 'arma Diane'; spears and arrows.

654. Turning her bow, as she fled, she directs the arrows backwards. 657-60. quas· ministras,' whom the divine Camilla had chosen to grace her train, as excellent assistants both in peace and war. 'Threĭcia Amazones'; see note to Book V. 311. quum Pulsant,' when they dance upon the banks of the river Thermodon, in Asia Minor; the Amazons once dwelt on the borders of this stream: 'bellantur'; here a deponent verb.

661-3. seu-refert,' or when the warlike Penthesilea returns in her chariot: lunatis peltis'; see Book I. 490-1, and note. 'Hippolyten'; another queen of the Amazons; she became the wife of Theseus. 666-7. cujus pectus,' whose uncovered breast turned towards her she pierced with a long spear of fir.

669-74. moriens versat,' and dying rolls over in the blood that flowed from his wound. 'supèr,' for præterea.' 'revolutus,' having fallen from labenti,' to his falling companion: 'pariter'; they were struck in such quick succession, that they seemed to fall at the same moment. 'incumbens hasta,' exerting herself to hurl the spear from afar.

678. Ignotis,' unusual, of a new kind: 'equo Iapyge,' with his Apulian horse; see note to 247.

6

680-4.caput-albis,' the huge mouth and jaws of a wolf with its white teeth covered his head: sparus,' a lance. 'etest,' and he is a whole head taller than the others. exceptum

verso,' having overtaken him, for there was no difficulty in this, the ranks being routed. 687-8. Advenit redarguerit,' the time has come for confuting your boastful words by a woman's arms. 'Nomen,' reputation.

692-5.' quâ Lucent,' where his neck appeared uncovered, as he sat on horseback: fugiens - sequentem,' flying swiftly, and riding round in a great circle, she deceives him by describing an interior circle, and really pursues him who seems to pursue her.

696-701. Congeminat securim,' deals repeated blows of the axe. 'Incidit huic,' happens to meet her. The warlike son of Aunus, a native of the Apennines. Haud extremus,' not the least in cunning and fraud. 705-6. Quid-equo,' what great feat is it, though you are a woman, if you trust to your good steed? 'fugam,' the power of flight.

708. You will soon find whether your vain boasting will redound to your injury or to mine.

711.purâ parmâ,' with her bright shield.

714. And spurs on the swift horse with his armed heel. 716. lubricus,' deceitful, perfidious.

718-9. ignea,' swift as flame: 'frænis

round and seizing the reins of his horse.

prehensis,' then turning

721-2. As easily as the hawk, a sacred bird, flies from a lofty rock after a dove high in the clouds; 'sacer,' because omens were drawn

from this bird.

725-6. non nullis Observans oculis,' observing attentively.

730-2.alas'; see note to 604: variis vocibus,' with many reproachful words. 'reficit-pulsos,' and rallies the flying troops to the fight. 'o-dolituri,' never sensible of the infamy which you incur.

735. Why do we carry swords and these useless weapons in our hands? 737. Or when the crooked pipe proclaims the hour for the dance and song in honor of Bacchus.

739. 'secundus haruspex,' the soothsayer proclaiming that the omens are favorable.

586

- Implicat,' to this he attach the bark of the wild cork tree

558-60. 'Ipse-fugit, 1, she now, as a suppliant, l'e first time holding your u bound. The attendants of 'dubiis,' dangerous.

563. Infelix'; m 565-6.atque -- v turf the spear, O LOA • Triviæ; see note- *

565-9. neq le -his character, kr shepherds, pass 573-4. Ut from the soles 577. The s 579--2 to Geor I 1

5-4-5 1

had not ter 5 D 5,0-1

the n..

- reust.

ed chơm she was wont to share her Rem. 1. Hactenus potui,' thus far “uncil" seerpowers: 'et — circùm,' and an affecting picture of death. hæc

ssionely dropping down: frigi sally frees herself from, is cocam, overpowered, and therefrut The exquisite propriety of anatoru al ranslation.