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and Helen, prevented the latter from returning to her husband, and thereby ending the war?

97-9. A murmur arises among the gods, like the whistling of the winds in a forest. 'deprensa,' for inclusa': 'venturos nifying to the mariners the gales which are to come.

ventos,' sig

102-3. 'solo tellus,' for solum telluris': 'posuêre,''se' understood, were hushed: 'premit - pontus,' and the placid surface of the sea is smoothed.

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107-9. Whatever luck any one may meet with from this day henceforth, whatever hope he may entertain, be he Trojan or Rutulian, I will make no distinction between them; this is a forced meaning for secat,' but the reading is probably corrupt. fuat'; Gr. § 154. 2. Seu - Italum,' whether by the evil fate of the Italians.

110-2. Or by mistakes and sinister predictions, fatal to the Trojans. 'Nec-ferent, nor do I exempt the Rutulians from this decree. Whatever each has undertaken shall produce its proper good or evil consequences; I will not control or alter the issue.

113-5. Fata-invenient,' the Fates will find a way to effect their designs. Stygii — Olympum'; repeated from Book ÎX. 104 – 6. 117. medium,' in the midst of them: ad limina,' to his apartment. 122. rarà coronâ'; as in Book IX. 508-9; see note. 125-6. Prima acies,' form the front rank. germani-ambo,' the two brothers of Sarpedon; or, as others understand it, two brothers, sons of Sarpedon : ab altâ Lyciâ,' from noble Lycia, of which country Sarpedon was king.

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129. Nec minor,' not inferior in strength to his father Clytius. 130. Hi,' the Rutulians: illi,' the Trojans.

132-6. Ipse Dardanius puer,' Ascanius: Veneris - cura,' justly the darling of Venus: caput detectus honestum, with his pretty head uncovered, or without a helmet, as they would not allow him to fight. 'fulvum aurum,' which is set in yellow gold: per terebintho,' skilfully rimmed with box-wood, or with the terebinth wood of Oricus, a city of Epirus.

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137-8. fusos auro,' whose milk-white neck supports his flowing locks, and a circlet of ductile gold binds them together.

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141-5. Mæonià domo,' born of a noble family in Lydia: Pactolos,' a river of Lydia, that flowed over golden sands. quem-tollit,' whom the recent glory of having driven Turnus out of the intrenchments exalts on high; see Book IX. 781-9. hinc - urbi,' from him the name of Capua, the Campanian city, is derived.

147-8. The story now goes back to Eneas, who was left on his way from Evander's city to Cære, the place occupied by the insurgent subjects of Mezentius. Æneas is described as on his voyage from Cære back to the Trojan camp, his success in treating with the Etrurians being briefly mentioned.

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149-52.Regem,' Tarcho, the leader of the insurgents. Quid — conciliet,' what he had to request, and what to offer; what allies Mezentius had obtained; viz. Turnus and his army, who, having routed the Trojans, would return and subdue the subjects of Mezentius. humanis - rebus,' how little confidence could be placed in mortal affairs; strong as the insurgents might now seem, a reverse of fortune was still possible. 154-5. libera fati'; having complied with the requisitions of fate, being now led by a foreigner; see Book VIII. 499-503. 'Lydia'; see note to Book VIII. 479.

157. Prima,' the first place: rostro leones,' having the Phrygian lions under her prow; a representation of which, with mount Ida, held a place corresponding to the figure-head of modern ships.

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161-2. quærititer,' asks about the stars, that point out one's course in a dark night, and about the adventures of Æneas.

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163. Repeated from Book VII. 641. The poet now gives a catalogue of the troops, who, under Tarcho, had united themselves to Eneas. 166-9.æratà Tigri,' in the brass-covered Tigress, the name of his ship. Clusium, now Chiusi, was a large city of Etruria, on the banks of the Clanis; Cose was a smaller city in its neighbourhood. Coryti leves,' light quicers.

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171-4. aurato Apolline,' with a gilt figure of Apollo on its prow. 'Populonia'; an Etruscan city, situated on a promontory of the same name: mater,' his native country: Ilva,' now the island of Elba, famous among the ancients for its iron mines. generosa, famed for : 'Chalybum, as rich as those of the Chalybes; see note to Geor. I. 58. 176. Whom the entrails of animals, and the stars of heaven obey; because, being a soothsayer, he made them disclose futurity.

179-80. Alpheæ solo,' Pisa, an Etrurian city in situation, but by descent connected with Alphean Pisa. The Greek city of Pisa, on the river Alpheus, sent forth a colony which founded Etrurian Pisa, a city which retains its name to the present day.

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182-4. adjiciunt, se' understood: Qui-domo,' whose home was at Care: Minionis, a small river, now called Mugnone, lying west of Cære. Pyrgi' and 'Graviscæ were cities on the seacoast,

the latter intempestæ,' in an unhealthy situation.

187-93. From whose helmet swan feathers rise,- form a plume. Crimen paternæ, the crime of your family was love, and your swan plume was the token of your father's beauty; the line is obscure, and probably not genuine. Phaethontis,' sororum'; see note to Ecl. VI. 62. Cycnus, a friend of Phaethon, bewailed his death, until he was himself changed into a swan. He was the father of Cupavo. 'Canentem senectam,' becoming white with soft feathers, he thus passed his old age: et- sequentem, raising his voice (as a swan) to the stars. 194-7. Filius,' Cupavo: æquales - catervas,' having in his fleet troops equal to himself in valor. Centaurum'; the name of his ship, which had on its prow the figure of a Centaur, in the act of throwing a rock. ille,' the Centaur: Instat - Arduus,' hangs over the water, and threatens to throw from above a great rock into the waves; 'Arduus,' for 'desuper.'

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199-200. The son of the prophetess Manto and of the Tuscan river, (the Tiber,) who gave walls and the name of his mother to thee, O Mantua; Mantûs'; Gr. § 69. Exc. 3.

201-3. Mantua illustrious in its ancestry: but the troops of Ocnus were not all of one origin, were not all from Mantua; three nations were with him, each including four tribes; Mantua itself was the chief of these tribes; the troops generally were of Tuscan origin.

205-6. Whom the Mincius, decked with green reeds, with its parent lake Benacus, carried over the waters in a warlike ship. Mincius was the name of the ship of Ocnus, and it bore a figure of that river god; 'Benaco'; see note to Geor. II. 160.

207-12. centenâ arbore,' with a hundred oars: 'marmore'; Geor. I. 254. The ship of Aulestes was called the Triton, and bore on its prow the appropriate figure; see note to Book I. 144. 'conchâ'; Triton was commonly represented as blowing a conch shell. 'cui-alvus,' the shaggy upper part of his floating body, as far down as the flanks — 'hominem præfert,' appears human, the abdomen terminates like that of a sea-monster; Frons laterum tenus,' for a fronte usque ad latera.' 214. 'salis secabant'; see Book I. 35. and note.

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215-6. dies,' for 'sol': 'alma - Olympum,' and beautiful Phœbe (the moon) in her night-wandering chariot, was passing over mid heaven. 219-23.Atque comitum,' and lo! a troop of his own companions meets him in the midst of his voyage; Cybebe,' for 'Cybele.' "Numen -Jusserat,' had ordered to have authority over the sea, and from being ships to become Nymphs; see Book IX. 116 – 20. 6 pariter, by the side of the fleet. 223. Repeated from Book IX. 121.

224-5. lustrant choreis,' and play round him in a ring: 'fandi doctissima,' most skilled in speech.

228-9.deûm gens,' descendant of the gods: 'et-rudentes,' slacken the ropes that bind the sails; that is, make more sail.

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231-2. Perfidus- premebat,' when the perfidious Rutulian pressed upon us with fire and sword, intending to destroy; 'Præcipites,' for 'ut nos daret præcipites'; i. e. ' perderet.'

234-5. Genetrix,' mother of the gods, Cybele: 'refecit,' for 'fecit': 'ævum agitare,' to pass our lives.

237-40. horrentes Marte,' terrible in war. Æneas, it seems, caused only the infantry to embark with him at Cære, and ordered the cavalry to go by land. Jam eques,' already the Arcadian horsemen, (sent by Evander,) united with the brave Etrurians, (from Cære,) have reached the appointed spot. 'eques tenent'; Gr. § 209. Rem. 12. (6.) 'Medias illis,' in their way,· to block up the road: 'jungant,' 'se' understood. 242-3. Primus,' early in the morning: ipse ignipotens,' Vulcan. 245-7. Rutulæ cædis,' for 'Rutulorum casorum': 'impulit,' pushed forward: Haud — modi,' knowing how to quicken the ship's speed: 'illa,' the ship.

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249-50. aliæ,' the other nymphs push forward the other vessels. 'inscius,' ignorant of the cause of this speed: omine,' the prodigy.

252-5.cui-cordi,' who art delighted with Dindyma; see note to Book IX. 618. Turrigere urbes,' leones'; see notes to Book VI. 785, and III. 111. 'tu-Augurium,' hasten onward the accomplishment of the happy omen; 'rite,' in a favorable way, happily.

256-7. 'et-dies,' meanwhile, the day was already hastening forward in its revolution, with full light; it was full daybreak.

258-9. signa sequantur,' that they should follow his signals : ‘Atque - armis,' and should rouse their courage for warlike deeds.

261-3. As the fleet approaches the shore, Æneas raises his shield on high, and the besieged Trojans recognise it, and shout for joy.

265-9. Strymonie grues'; see note to Geor. I. 120. tranant, float through: notos'; cold and stormy winds, which the cranes migrate in order to avoid. Turnus and the Rutulians, having their faces towards the camp, know not what the clamor means, till they turn round and perceive the fleet.

270. Ardet-capiti,' the helmet on the head of Eneas gleams like fire: cristis vertice,' from the summit of the crest. The arms, forged by Vulcan, shone with intolerable splendor.

272-5. A sublime comparison, which Milton has finely imitated in "Paradise Lost." liquidâ nocte,' in a fair night: quando,' at times: autardor,' or the burning Sirius: lævo,' ill-omened.

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277-80. præcipere,' to be the first to occupy. 278. Repeated from Book IX. 127. 'perfringere,' to break through, to fight hand to hand; formerly, they had to besiege an intrenched camp. Mars,' for pugna.' 281-3. nunc — laudes,' now remember the great deeds, which formed the glory of your ancestors. egressi,' having disembarked: labant vestigia; persons just landed, after a voyage, walk with difficulty. 285-6. Turnus intends to leave one part of his force to watch the Trojan camp, and with the other to oppose the landing of Æneas. 288-90. Pontibus,' bridges stretched from the ship to the shore: 'Multi pelagi,' many watched for the retreat of a gentle wave from a shallow spot, where the water, spreading out, lost its violence by diffusion. Per remos'; they used the oars as leaping poles.

291-2. Where the breakers did not foam, nor the breaking waves resound. inoffensum,' tranquil: crescenti. æstu,' rolls up with a full -outspreading wave. Here he resolved to run the ship aground.

296-7. sulcum-carina,' and let the keel plough out for itself a deep furrow in the sand, so as to stick fast, and not be carried back by the retreating wave. 'tali statione,' on such ground, he cares not if the ship be broken, so that the crew land easily and safely.

299-303. tonsis,' the oars: 'arvis,' the shore: 'sedêre,' took ground, were beached. 'dorso iniquo,' on a dangerous sand-bank.

304-5. Suspended there a long time, rocking to and fro, and the waves buffeting it: Solvitur,' it breaks.

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310-1. Signa canunt,' the trumpets sound. ' turmas agrestes'; the forces of Latinus consisted chiefly of rustics, brought together in haste; see Book VIII. 8. omen,' the beginning the signal for battle. apertum,' through his scale armour of brass, through gold plates, Æneas plunges the sword into his side laid open by the blow; haurit,' in the sense of 'ferit,' because blood follows the blow.

313-4. huic the tunic stiff with

316-7.Et parvo,' and consecrated to thee, O Phœbus, because, when an infant, he was able to escape the danger of the knife, with which he was cut from his mother's body. 'Nec longè,' not long after.

319-22.Nihil-arma juvêre,' the arms of Hercules (which they inherited from their father) did not avail them: Alcidæ - Præbuit,' their father Melampus was a friend and companion of Hercules, as long as the earth afforded difficult tasks for that hero; i. e. as long as he lived. 324-7. flaventem - malas,' your cheeks fair with the downy beard of early manhood: 'nova gaudia,' a new object of love. securus-erant,' heedless of the affection of young men, which was always yours; forgetting in death the love, which he always enjoyed in his lifetime.

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328-9. Ni Progenies,' if a band of brothers in close array, the sons of Phorcus, had not placed themselves in the way of Æneas.

331. stringentia corpus,' just grazing the body, not wounding it. 334-5. steterunt-campis,' which were fixed in the bodies of the Greeks on the plains near Troy. Eneas had brought with him to Italy some of the weapons collected from the bodies of the slain, during the siege of Troy.

339-40. trajecto- tenorem,' the spear hurled by Eneas passes on, having pierced the arm of Alcanor, and, covered with blood, keeps on its course. Wishing to give an idea of the great strength of Æneas, the poet says, that the spear, having passed entirely through the arm of Alcanor, still flew onward.

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343-7.sed-Achata,' it was not permitted to him to pierce Æneas, but he slightly wounded the thigh of great Achates. Curibus,' from Cures; see note to Book VI. 812. 'fidens corpore,' confiding in the strength of youth. 'graviter pressâ,' forcibly driven.

350-5. Bore-suprema,' from the ancient race of Boreas: patria Ismara,' his native country Ismara, a town and mountain in Thrace. 'Halesus Auruncæ'; see Book VII. 723-8, and note. 'Expellere,' to force back: limine'; the seashore is called the threshold of Italy. 358-9. The sea does not yield, nor the clouds, nor do the winds yield to each other: 'stant-contrà,' all stand contending against each other. 361. hæret vir,' foot is closely joined with foot, and man with man. 364-7. When Pallas saw the Arcadians, unaccustomed to fight on foot, turning their backs to the Latins pursuing them; since the rough nature of the ground had compelled them to dismount from their horses; as the only resource which was left in this extremity, &c. 'Latio'; the country for the inhabitants.

370-1.devicta bella,' the battles in which you have conquered: 'patriæ laudi,' which now rises to rival my father's glory.

374-5. Our illustrious country calls you and your leader Pallas to go in this direction. Numina - premunt,' no gods obstruct our efforts. 378. Trojam,' the Trojan camp: petemus,' shall we attempt to reach. 'Deest'; as one syllable; Gr. § 306. (1.)

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381-3. 'dum vellit,' while he is pulling up:‘Intorto — dedit,' Pallas, hurling a weapon, pierces him where the back bone divides the ribs, passing between them.

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384-7. Quem - Hisbo,' Hisbo does not take him (Pallas) by surprise

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from above. As Pallas was stooping down to draw out the weapon from Lagus, Hisbo hoped to come upon him by surprise. nam Excipit,' for Pallas- antè Excipit,' anticipates his attack- as he was rushing on rendered heedless by his rage at the cruel death of his companion.

383-93. Anchemolus, the son of king Rhœtus, debauched his stepmother Casperia, and then fled for refuge to the father of Turnus. Vosgemini,'' Daucia - suis,' you also, Larides and Thymber, twin sons of Daucus, much resembling each other, not distinguishable even by your own relatives: 'dura discrimina,' a sad difference between you.

395. Thy right hand lopped off seeks for thee, O Larides, as its owner; a fantastic idea, unworthy of the poet.

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398-400. viri,' of Pallas: fugientem præter,' by tmesis for 'præterfugientem.' 'Hoc - Ilo,' there was this interval, and so much delay for Ilus; for the spear intended for him, had pierced Rhœtus.

403-5. curru-arva,' thrown out of his chariot, he strikes his feet, half dead, upon the fields of the Rutuli: 'optatò,' according to his wish. 407-8. Correptis mediis,' penetrating the interior of the wood: 'acies Vulcania,' the sheet of flame.

412. se arma'; that is, he covers himself with his shield.

415. Elatam in jugulum,' that was stretched out against his throat. 417-20. Fata canens,' prophesying future events. When the old soothsayer closed his eyes in death; canentia,' by a bold figure, applied to 'lumina.' 'Injecêre manum,' laid their hands upon him; that is, destined him to a particular death. 'telis Evandri,' and devoted him to the weapons of Evander; doomed him to be killed by Pallas, who wore his father's arms.

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424. dum Halesus,' while Halesus covered Imaon with his shield, he exposed his own breast to the weapon of Pallas.

426-8.At-agmina,' but Lausus, whose presence formed a great part of the strength of the army, did not allow the troops to be terrified by the death of so great a man; cæde viri tantâ,' by hendiadys. Lausus was an amiable youth, the counterpart of Pallas; see Book VII. 649-54. pugnæ " -moram,' a knot and obstacle in the fight; whose valor was as hard to be overcome as a knotty stick to be split. acies,' the rear ranks crowd up, so that the men in front have not room to use their weapons.

432. Extremi ·

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435–6. Egregii — reditus,' remarkable for their beauty; but fortune denied to them both a return to their native land; they were both doomed to be slain.

438-9. Both are soon to meet their fate from a more redoubtable foe. 'soror,' the sister of Turnus, the nymph Juturna.

443-4. cuperem adesset,' I could wish his father himself (Evander) were here to witness his death: 'æquore jusso,' ordered to abandon a part of the plain.

445-8. juvenis,' Pallas: Lumina,' for ' oculos': 'obit - visu,' and from a distance surveys all with a stern glance: tyranni,' Turnus.

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450. Or by an honorable death, my father is prepared for either chance. 453-5. pedes - Comminus,' prepares to approach him on foot: 'speculâ'; the summit of a hill, where he was on the watch for prey. 'meditantem in prælia,' preparing for battle.

457-8. Hunc - Pallas,' when Pallas thought that he was within a spear's throw, resolved to be the first, &c; decrevit' understood.

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460-3. Hercules was united to Evander by a bond of hospitality; see Book VIII. 362-3. May Turnus, half dead, see me taking off his bloody arms, and may his dying eyes behold me as his conqueror. 466-7. Genitor, Jupiter: natum,' his son Hercules.

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dies,' every one has his appointed time for death: 'irreparabile,' which cannot be renewed, or passed over again.

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470-2. quin-progenies,' among others, even Sarpedon, my son, perished: dati ævi,' of his allotted life.

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