tables. Statues were placed in the vestibule, as was customary in temples. e cedro'; wooden images belonged to the earliest times. They were placed ex ordine,' in chronological order. Italus was a fabled monarch of a remote age. Sabinus introduced the cultivation of the vine into Italy. The god Janus was represented with two faces, the one before and the other behind; see note to Book I. 295. 182. Martia vulnera,' wounds received in war. 186. 'rostra,' the beaks of ships, the common naval trophy. 187-91. Among the statues, that of Picus was conspicuous, holding the Quirinali lituo,' augur's staff, such as Romulus afterwards bore; Quirinus was the name of the deitied Romulus. trabeâ '; the short, purple robe, worn by high officers on solemn occasions. The goddess Circe fell in love with him, and when he rejected her advances, she struck him with her rod, and changed him into a woodpecker, called in Latin a 'picus.' 'versum venenis,' transformed by magic potions: 'Circe,' in apposition with conjux.' 'Aurea'; a dissyllable; Gr. § 306. 192-4.patriâ Sede sedens,' sitting on his ancestral seat. · Atque - ore,' and to them having entered, he first spoke these words with a benign countenance. quæ 195-9. He addresses them at once by name, 'Dardanidæ,' saying that he knew their place of origin. 'auditi,' known to us by report: 'advertitis cursum, you have steered your course hitherward. causa rates vexit,' what cause has brought your ships: aut-egentes,' or needing what, have ye come hither? 'Sive vie,' from having lost your way? 203-5. Are descended from Saturn, and are just, not from compulsion or by the force of laws, but of their own accord, conforming themselves to the institutes of the ancient god; that is, of Saturn. 'fama — annis,’ the tradition is less known from the lapse of years. 206-8. The old men of the Aurunci say thus; that Dardanus, who was born in this country, arrived at the cities of Phrygia, near mount Ida. The Aurunci' inhabited the southern part of Latium. Samothrace was an island in the gean sea, off the coast of Thrace, where it is said that Dardanus dwelt for a time, before he passed into Asia. 209-11. Having gone hence, from the Tuscan city of Corythus, the golden palace of the starry heavens now receives him upon a throne, and his altar is added to the altars of the other gods. 6 213. genus Fauni,' son of Faunus: actos,''nos' understood. 215-8. Neither have the stars, nor the shores deceived us in respect to our course; we have not erred in our observation of the stars, nor from ignorance of the coast. Consilio, designedly: quæ- Olympo,' once the greatest that the sun beheld, coming from the farthest part of heaven. 222-7. How great a tempest of war, coming from cruel Mycena, went through the Trojan country - the Idæan fields; and, urged on by what fatalities, the two continents of Europe and Asia fought together; these things every one has heard of, even if the farthest part of the earth conceals him, the Ocean flowing between, and if the region of an oppressive sun, the torrid zone, stretched out in the midst of the four other zones, separates him from his fellow beings. More briefly, -the news of the Trojan war have reached the extremities of the earth, and must therefore be known to you. 'quem' for 'quemcunque.' -- - 229-30. We beg of you a small dwelling-place for our paternal gods, a portion of the coast without harm to any one, and water and air, which are open to all. 235-8. Either in keeping faith, or if any one has made trial of it in war and feats of arms. The right hand of Eneas has never failed, either when given to confirm a treaty, or when it has been put to the test in war. Many tribes and many nations have sought our alliance and wished to unite us to themselves; then do not despise us, because of our own accord we bring fillets in our hands we come as suppliants and utter words of entreaty: 'precantia'; a trisyllable; Gr. § 306. 241-5. Huc repetit,' returns hither in the person of his descendant and representative, Eneas. Dat,'' Æneas' understood: 'fortunæ Munera,' some small gifts, the relics of his former fortune. Hoc auro,' in this golden cup,- holding it out as he speaks. 249-51. The meaning is, that after hearing this speech from Ilioneus, Latinus remained, without changing his position, absorbed in thought. But what affluence of words! defixa, Obtutu, tenet, immobilis, hæret, Intentos,' - all descriptive, but somewhat tautological. 253-7. natæ,' of his daughter: 'moratur,' dwells in thought, considers long sortem,' the prophecy. Hunc-generum,' this then was that son-in-law, announced by fate, coming from a foreign land: 'Auspiciis,' authority. 259-62. Di-suum,' may the gods prosper our designs, and fulfil their own prediction. 'Non-deerit,' the fruitfulness of a rich territory and wealth, like that of Troy, shall not fail you, while Latinus is king. 'deerit'; Gr. § 306. (1.) 263-6. Ipse modò Eneas Adveniat,' only let Eneas himself come hither: cupido est,' 'illi' understood; if he has so great a desire: 'Si properat,' if he is eager. Pars-tyranni,' it will be a part of the treaty, for me to have clasped the right hand of the king. 268-71. jungere,' to join in marriage: sortes,' oracles, divine forewarnings: Monstra,' portents: Hoc-restare,' this fortune was appointed for Latium, that a foreigner should a son-in-law to Latinus. 273.quid veri'; Gr. § 205. Rem. 9. opto,' I desire it, for I predict that the union will be a happy one. 274-7.numero omni,' out of the whole number which he possessed: 'nitidi,'' equi' understood. 'Omnibus ordine,' one horse for each of them in succession. 277. Swift-footed steeds, covered with purple and embroidered housings. 279-84. mandunt aurum,' they champ the golden bits. geminos ætherio,' and a span of horses yoked to it, of celestial origin: patri creavit,' whom the artful Circe had caused to be generated · 'nothos,' of a mixed breed, — uniting their dam with their sire by stealth. Circe secretly sent common mares to the renowned horses of her father the Sun, and the progeny consequently was half mortal, half celestial. auras - 286-7. ab Inachiis Argis,' from Inachian Argos; the city was so named from Inachus, a king of the Argives. Jovis conjux,' Juno. tenebat,' was passing on her way, carried through the air. 288-9. And looking through a long tract of air, even from the Sicilian promontory Pachynus, she beheld the joyful Eneas and the Trojan fleet. Going towards Carthage, probably, when over Pachynus, she saw that the Trojans had landed at the mouth of the Tiber. 293-7.et- viam,' and ye fates of Troy, hostile to my destinies, or wishes! Could they not perish on the Sigean fields, or when captured remain captives? Could not burning Troy destroy its inhabitants in the fire? Through the midst of the hostile ranks, through the midst of the flames, they have found a path. Sigeis'; see note to Book II. 312. There is something like a play upon words in this passage, which is beneath the dignity of Epic poetry. At credo,' spoken ironically; mea numina,' my power. 6 298-301. Fessa jacent,' lies dormant from weariness. Quinsequi, ay, and I have dared to follow them with hostile intent over the sea, when they were driven from their country. Absumptæ,' 'sunt' understood, have been exhausted. 304-6. Securi-mei,' fearless of the sea and of my anger. Lapithum,' see note to Geor. II. 457. The combat, in which many of the Lapithe fell, though their party was victorious, was excited by Mars, because Pirithous had not invited him to the banquet. concessit Dianæ,' the father of the gods himself yielded ancient Calydon to the wrath of Diana. Eneus, king of Calydon, a city of Etolia, offered a rich sacrifice to all the gods, except Diana. To revenge this neglect, the goddess sent a wild boar, which ravaged all the country, till it was at last slain by Meleager, the son of Eneus. 307-9. scelus' is used in the sense of pœnam,' and 'concessit' is understood before 'Lapithas'; he gave them up to destruction, though what great punishment did either the Lapithe, or Calydon deserve. 'nil potui,' who have left nothing untried; potui linquere' for 'liqui': 'quaverti,' who have had recourse to all expedients. 311-3. dubitem-est,' I may not hesitate to invoke whatever other deity there may be. 'Superos,' the celestial gods. 'Non-Latinus,' it will not be permitted to me to keep them away from the kingdom of Latinus ;- be it so. 315-7. trahere,' to put off, to protract. 'Hâc mercede suorum,' at this price, the slaughter of their people. 319-22. And Bellona · the goddess of war- - shall preside over thy marriage. Nor did Hecuba alone, pregnant with a firebrand, give birth to a nuptial torch ;· ;that is, to a son, whose marriage kindled the flames of war; but the own son of Venus shall be of the same nature, — another Paris, and another fatal torch for Troy rising from its ashes. Hecuba, the daughter of Cisseus, just before the birth of Paris, dreamed that she gave birth to a firebrand. Juno threatens, that this marriage shall be as destructive to the Trojans, as the rape of Helen was formerly. 324-6.Allecto,' one of the Furies; Gr. § 69. Exc. 3. sororum,' sister Furies: cui bella cordi,' to whom wars are a delight; Gr. § 227. 329. tot colubris,' so many snakes does the foul pest produce. 331. Perform for me this special service, O virgin born of Night 332-4.cedat loco,' lose ground, suffer great diminution. possint,' that the Trojans may not gain over Latinus to a nuptial alliance. 336.Atque domos,' to distress families by mutual hatred. 339-43.compositam,' that has been agreed upon: sow the causes of war;- that is, mutual accusations. The eagerness of Juno is strongly marked in the following rapid expressions. Gorgoneis infecta venenis,' imbued with the poison of a Gorgon; see note to Book II. 616. tacitum - Amatæ,' sits silently at the door of Amata. 345-8. ardentem,' burning with rage: coquebant,' agitated. On her the goddess threw a snake from her dark hair, and places it secretly in her bosom, near to her very heart: 'Huic,' for 'in hanc': 'permisceat,' she throws into confusion. neu ( sere- - belli, 350-2. Volvitur nullo,' slides with imperceptible touch: 'fitvittæ,' the great snake now becomes a gold chain about her neck, now the long hanging ends of her head-band This seems too much like a con ceit, and is more after the manner of Ovid, than of Virgil. 354-7.Ac sensus,' and when the infection, gliding in with poisonous breath, first affects her perceptions, &c. 'Molliùs est,' she spoke with some composure, and after the common manner of matrons. - 359-63. ducenda,' in marriage: O genitor,' O thou, who art her father. primo Aquilone,' with the first wind: alta petens,' going off by sea. 'Phrygius pastor,' the Phrygian shepherd, Paris: 'sic, in a similar way. 366-8. consanguineo,' to my relative; Turnus was the nephew of Amata. Idque sedet,' and this is determined upon. 370. She says, that all who are not subjects of Latinus must be considered as foreigners; and, therefore, the prophecy applies to Turnus. 372. patres,'' sunt' understood; are his ancestors: media Mycenæ,' and they are from the midst of Greece, Mycena' being put for the whole country. Acrisius, king of Argos, was the father of Danaë. 374. Contrà stare,' fixed in the opposite opinion: 'penitùs - lapsum,' had penetrated to her very heart. 376-8. 'monstris,' the phantoms present to an insane mind. 'Immensam turbo,' in her frenzy, she wanders about the great city, with out restraint; as sometimes a top, flying round under the twisted lash. The comparison is a lively, but not very dignified one. 381-5. Curvatis -spatiis,' spins round in curves: 'Impubes manus,' the beardless troop: 'buxum'; the top; literally, the wood of which it is made. 'Dant-plage,' the strokes impart a livelier movement to the toy. 'Non-illo,' no less rapid than that motion: agitur,' Amata' understood.'simulato — Bacchi,' under pretext of the rites of Bacchus. 388-9. That she might deprive the Trojans of the bride, and delay the nuptials: Euce - fremens,' shouting Eua Bacchus,' the usual cry of the Bacchanals. 390-1. For she assumes the pliant thyrsus for thee, passes before thee in the dance, and unbinds her sacred hair for thee. The thyrsus' was a staff bound round with ivy and vine leaves, that the Bacchanals, with dishevelled hair, carried in their orgies. 392-3. Fama volat,' the report goes abroad, that Amata is thus engaged, and all the matrons in the city at once follow her example. The same desire impels all at once, to seek a new habitation in the woods, where the rites were going on. 396-400.incinctæ pellibus,' clothed in skins, as was usual in these revels. Ipsa,' Amata: hymenæos,' the nuptial song, the burning pine answering for the marriage torch. Sanguineam aciem'; see Book IV. 643. 'torvum,' used adverbially: ubi quæque,' wherever you are. 4012. If in your compassionate minds there remains any kindness towards the unhappy Amata, if any alarm for a mother's rights affects you. She calls on them to defend a mother's right to dispose of her daughter in marriage. 404-5. Talem,' in such a state of mind: 'stimulis Bacchi,' by the incitements of the Bacchic festival, which increased her madness. 408. Then the terrible hag flies off on dusky wings. 409-12. Rutuli'; that is, of Turnus: Acrisioneis colonis,' with colonists coming from the city of Acrisius; see note to line 372. The common fable is, that Danaë, after her intercourse with Jupiter, was shut up with her infant son in a chest by her angry father, and committed to the waves. But Virgil adopts a tradition, according to which, she fled with a party to Italy, and there founded the city of Ardea. 'Locus-avis, the place was formerly called Ardea by the ancients. 413. Sed-fuit,' but its fortune has passed away; see Book II. 325. 417. Et-arat,' and furrows her ugly forehead with wrinkles. 419. She becomes· -assumes the shape of Calybe, the aged female attendant of Juno, and priestess of her temple. เ 421-3. O Turnus, will you allow so many toils to be expended to no purpose? sanguine,' with your blood; Turnus had performed many services, and fought many battles for Latinus. 425-6. Go now, you who have become a laughing stock, expose yourself to useless dangers; go, and scatter the Tuscan armies; protect the Latins in peace, by expelling their foes. 423-30. Saturnia,' Juno. Quare — para,' go, therefore, and joyfully prepare the young men for taking up arms, and moving out of the gates of the city to battle. 433-4. Unless he will complete the marriage, and keep his promise, let him feel, and find at last by experience the power of Turnus in war. 435-7. 'vatem,' for sacerdotem'; the priestess: 'orsa' for 'dicta': 'alveo' is here a disyllable; Gr. § 306. 'ut rere,' as you suppose. 440-2. victa - senectus,' old age weakened by mental decay, and incapable of distinguishing truth from error; the figure is taken from a field exhausted and rendered sterile by long use. te curis-exercet,' troubles you with needless anxiety: arma - falså formidine,' with idle fears respecting the wars of princes. 6 - 'queis 443-4. Cura tibi,' 'sit' understood; let it be your care: gerenda,' by whom wars ought to be carried on; Gr. § 274. Rem. 8. PPP 446-7. 'oranti,' while speaking. Allecto, angry at the contemptuous manner in which her advice is received, resumes her own shape, and frightens Turnus into obedience. His eyes became fixed in terror; with so many snakes does the Fury hiss. 449. Lumina,' for oculos': cunctantem,' 'illum' understood. 451. 'rabido ore,' with a furious mien. The next two lines are repeated with a trifling alteration from 440 and 442. 454. Think upon these things; I come from the abode of the terrible sisters;- that is, the Furies. 456–7. ‘juveni,' for ad juvenem'; Gr. § 225. IV. last paragraph. 'et- tædas,' and fixed the smoking torch with its lurid light in his breast; she inspired him with raging passion by means of the torch. 460. 'fremit,' in the sense of poscit,' but more forcible. 462-6. Ira super,' wrath more than all. sonore,' crackling: 'Virgea,' made of small rods: aheni,' a brazen cauldron. In the Scriptures, wrath is compared to the crackling of flames under a pot. Exsultant - latices,' the water boils up with the heat: Fumidus amnis aqual,' the steam: intus,' inside of the vessel: atque exuberat,' and the froth rises high: Nec - unda '; that is, it boils over: ad auras,' on high. 467-8. pollutâ pace,' friendship between the kings being broken: 'primis juvenum,' to the leaders of the young men. 470-1. That he was himself enough. -a match for both the Trojans and the Latins ; ' venire,' for 'esse.' 'in vota'; see Book V. 234. 473-4. The handsome person and noble mien of Turnus attract some to his cause; others follow him from regard to his noble ancestry; others in emulation of his exploits. Hunc, one: hunc,' another. 476-80. Stygiis — alis,' hurries off on Stygian wings: 'Arte novâ,' by another deception: quo littore,' where, on the shore. 'Insidiis,' with snares. Cocytia virgo'; Allecto: 'et-odore,' and affected their nostrils with the well-known scent of the stag. 481-2. laborum,' of the misfortunes that ensued: 'animos agrestes,' the minds of the country people: bello,' for ad bellum.' 484-6.Tyrrhidee pueri,' the children of Tyrrheus: 'Nutribant,' reared, brought up by hand, as a pet: 'cui - Armenta,' who had charge of the royal herds. 487-8. Rendered tame by much care, their sister Silvia was wont to deck its horns, weaving pretty garlands round them. 490.manum- - herili,' suffering the hand to touch his neck, and constantly present at its master's table, — being there fed with the relics of the meal. This description of the tame stag is in Virgil's best manner, though more suited to a pastoral poem, than to an epic. Compare the following stanza from Byron. "A band of children, round a snow-white ram, There wreathe his venerable horns with flowers; His sober head majestically tame, Or eats from out the palm, or playful lowers Yielding to their small hands, draws back again." 493-5. 'rabidæ,' maddened by the agency of the Fury: Commovêre,' started it up, a technical phrase of the chase: 'fluvio - levaret,' when by chance, after swimming down the stream a while, it was cooling itself on the green bank. 497-9. curvo cornu,' with the curved bow tipped with horn: Nec - abfuit,' the god (Allecto) did not fail to direct his erring hand: 'actaque multo sonitu arundo,' the arrow driven with a loud whizzing. 501-2. questu - replebat,' bloody and like one entreating aid, it filled the whole building with its plaint. 504-5. 'et-agrestes,' and cries out to the rough husbandmen for aid. pestis-silvis,' for the baleful Fury lay concealed in the silent woods. |