honor out of course. It was usual to distribute booty by lot among the captors; but the chiefs received their share first, not depending upon the issue of the lots.

535-8. Anchisa munus'; the gift of an article which once belonged to Anchises. 'impressum signis,' with figures carved upon it: 'in - munere,' as a great gift. Cisseus was a king of Thrace, the father of Hecuba.

538. Ferre dederat,' gave into the possession of Anchises.

541. prælato - honori,' envy him who had the preference in receiving the prize.

543-4. He comes next to Eurytion for a reward, who severed the cord; that is, Mnestheus. 'Extremus,' last came Hippocoon.

545. nondum-misso,' the games being not yet ended. Virgil concludes his account, by describing an equestrian exhibition by the boys. In the poet's own times, the sons of senators and other distinguished persons displayed in public, on certain days, their skill in horsemanship, and their knowledge of the rudiments of military training. This exhibition by the boys was called ludus Troja,' probably from an obscure tradition, that it was of Trojan origin. The poet adopts this tradition, and gives a minute and elegant description of the sport, as it was practised in his day, making Ascanius and his youthful companions the performers. 548-51. In this order; Vade age, ait, et Dic Ascanio': 'si — turmas,' if he has the troop of children in readiness with him, and has prepared the exercises of horse, to lead out the bands in honor of his grandfather. longo circo,' from the spacious race-ground.

553-5. pariter,' side by side, moving in ranks: Frænatis equis,' make a fine show on their bridled steeds. 'mirata fremit,' admire and applaud.

556-9. According to custom, the hair of each was covered with a trimmed chaplet of leaves. Cornea,' of cornel wood: 'præfixo ferro,' with an iron point: 'lēves,' smooth, polished: it - auri,' a flexible chain of twisted gold surrounded the neck, and hung down upon the chest. 560-2.terni- - Ductores,' and three leaders ride round. 'Agmine partito,' with divided ranks, each troop keeping apart from the other two. There were twelve in each troop besides the leader; the whole number of boys, therefore, was thirty-nine.

563-7. ducit - Italos,' which-ovantem,' in its pride· the little Priam conducts, bearing the name of his grandsire, — your illustrious offspring, O Polites, soon to augment the number of the Italians; that is, about to reside in Italy. Polites was that son of Priam, who was killed in his father's presence, as related in Book II. 6 vestigia - albam,' showing white fore-feet, and a white forehead, stepping high.

568. Atys is the second leader, from whom the Latin Atii trace their descent. This is a compliment to Augustus, who was descended from the Atii; his mother was daughter to M. Atius Balbus by Julia, the sister of Julius Cæsar. By calling this boy a favorite of Iulus, the poet typifies the union between the Atian and Julian families.

570-4. Extremus,' the last, the leader of the third troop, is Iulus. 'candida,' fair: Trinacriis equis Acesta,' Sicilian horses, the property of Acestes.

576. They recognise the likeness of the children to their parents. 578-9. Lustravêre,' passed in review: signum-flagello,' from afar, Epytides gave the signal to the ready boys by a shout, and cracked his whip.

580-2. They gallop out, keeping on a line with each other, and divide the troop, riding by threes in separate squadrons; that is, they break up into twelve little bands, called chorí,' three in each; again, receiving the word of command, they wheeled about, and carried their weapons levelled, as if on a charge.

583-5. Inde cursus,' then they ride out in different directions,

some to the right and others to the left, alios - spatiis,' and return from opposite quarters, fronting each other. When they meet by thus galloping towards each other, the lines are opened and they pass through, and then wheel round, so as to face cach other again, having changed sides; that is, 'alternis - Impediunt,' by alternate wheelings they encir cle, ride round, each other; for, this evolution being repeated, each boy would pass round the one opposite to him. This manœuvre had the appearance of two squadrons constantly charging each other, or 'pug. næ simulacra,' a mock fight.

586-7. Now, they expose their backs in flight; now, they turn their darts against each other in hostile array; and then, as if making peace, they ride side by side.

588-91. Labyrinthus'; a structure full of intricate windings and passages, so that it was nearly impossible for an individual placed in it to find his way out without a guide. There was a famous one in the island of Crete, built by Dædalus. The intricate manœuvres of the boys are compared to the ground plan of this building. As formerly the labyrinth, in mountainous Crete, is said to have had the passage through it hemmed in with blind partition walls, so that one could see neither to the right nor left. ancipitem dolum,' for 'fallens et dolosum iter'; and a perplexing and deceitful route among its thousand windings; whereby error, that could not be avoided or repaired,—'Falleret signa sequendi,' rendered all signs deceptive to one attempting to find his way through. Parietibus'; Gr. § 306. (3.)

·

592-3. Haud Impediunt,' with such a perplexed course did the sons of the Trojans wind on their track: Texunt,' and intermingle.

595. Carpathium-secant,' cut through the Carpathian and the Libyan sea. The former lies to the east of Crete, where is the island of Carpathus.

596-600.Ascanius primus Retulit Hunc morem,' &c., Ascanius first reestablished this custom. Longam Albam,'Latinos'; see note to Book I. 7. 'Quo suos,' in the way in which he had himself, when a boy, practised these sports, and the Trojan youths with him. The Albans taught their descendants.

601-3. patrium honorem,' the games in honor of their ancestor Anchises. The sport is now called "Troja," and the boys "the Trojan troop.' Hâc tenus,' by tmesis; down to the present day, the games are celebrated to our deified ancestor.

604-5. Fortuna-novavit,' Fortune shifted round and deceived our trust. 'tumulo solemnia,' while they were performing the ceremonies at the tomb.

607-10. ventos-eunti,' and aided her progress with the winds. 'movens,' contriving: saturata,' satiated: dolorem '; Gr. § 234. II. This virgin, hastening on her way through the bow with a thousand colors, and seen by no one, descends with a quick course.

613. in solâ actâ,' on a deserted beach; deserted by the men, who had gone to the sports, which the women were not allowed to share. 615-6.Heu una,' alas! was the common exclamation of all so many dangers on the voyage, so much sea yet remains to be passed by us wearied; they were weary of the protracted voyage.

618–21. Ergo — Conjicit, therefore Iris, well acquainted with mischievous arts, threw herself among them: reponit,' she lays aside. She becomes Beroe in outward shape, the aged spouse of Doryclus, the Epirote. Tmarus is a mountain in Epirus. Cui quondam fuissent,' who once possessed: genus,' rank.

623. manus Achaica,' the army of the Greeks.

625-8. 'cui-reservat,' for what unhappy fate does Fortune reserve you? vertitur,' has elapsed; because the year is marked by the revolution of the heavenly bodies. 'Quum,' since:

emensæ ferimur,' we

have been passing round. 'Sidera,' tempests, caused by the rising or setting of the constellations.

630. Erycis fraterni'; note to line 24: fines,' 'sunt' understood. 633-4. Nulla-mania,' shall a city never receive the name of Troy? As in the case of Helenus and his kingdom, the exiles were fond of giving the old names to the new abodes. Hectoreos,' for Trojanos.' 636-40. Nam-faces,' for in sleep the spectre of the prophetess Cassandra seemed to give me lighted torches. Jam— prodigiis,' now is the time for the thing to be done; let there be no delay after such portents. The sacrificial fire on the altars erected to Neptune, upon the beach, supplied brands and torches for burning the fleet. The altars were set up by Cloanthus in pursuance of his vow; see lines 236-7. 641-4. prima-jacit,' she first, Iris, disguised as Beroë, — fu riously seized the hostile brand, and, supporting it in her upraised right hand, brandished it far, and threw it among the ships. Hicmultis, here one woman, Pyrgo by name, out of the crowd, exclaimed. 646-8. O matrons, this is not your Beroe, the Rhatean spouse of Doryclus. Observe the marks of divine beauty, and her glowing eyes; what a majestic air she has; 'spiritus,' 'est understood; Rhotela'; see note to Book III. 108. The effect of Pyrgo's discovering the disguised goddess, and announcing the fact to her companions, is not to dissuade, but to encourage them to burn the ships.

650-2. Ipsa - Munere,' I myself lately quitting Beroe, left her sick and indignant, that she alone should be absent from such a celebration. 654-6. oculis malignis,' with evil eyes, eyes in which a mischievous purpose shone: Ambigua,' in doubt between their wish to remain in Sicily, called miserum amorem,' because productive of an unhappy event, and their desire to reach Italy; 'fatis - regna,' the kingdom whither they were invited by the fates.

657-8.paribus alis,' with equally poised wings: secuit arcum'; by cutting through the air, she formed a rainbow.

660. focis penetralibus'; this seems to signify the interior of a house. Probably, the fire on the altars not being sufficient, they brought brands from the neighbouring buildings.

662. Vulcanus,' the fire: 'immissis habenis'; with slackened reins; that is, without control.

664-5. cuneos,' the wedge-shaped seats in a theatre: Eumelus Nuntius perfert naves Incensas,' Eumelus as a messenger relates, that the ships are on fire.

668-9. turbata Castra'; the place where the ships had been drawn up on shore. Ascanius, being on horseback, reaches the ground first. 670 - 3. ' quò — uritis,' what now, what do you intend, he said: O wretched citizens; you do not injure the enemy and the hostile camp of the Greeks; you are burning that on which your hopes depend: 'Ascanius,' 'sum' understood.

-

674 – 6. ‘Quâ — indutus,' wearing which in sport: Accelerat,' hastened up. diversa littora,' different parts of the shore: illæ'; the Trojan women.

678-9. Piget-lucis,' they are ashamed of their undertaking, and of the light of day; Gr. § 215. 'suos agnoscunt,' recovering from their madness, they recognise their friends. Juno'; for the frenzy inspired by Juno.

681-3. posuere,' lay aside, cease to manifest: Stuppa,' the oakum, with which the seams were filled: vivit,' is all on fire: vapor,' the smoke, for the fire which causes it: Est,' from ' edo,' consumes: 'toto corpore,' throughout the hold: 'pestis,' the destructive flame.

685-9. abscindere'; Gr. § 209. Rem. 5. To tear off the gar ments was a sign of extreme grief. si Trojanos,' if you do not yet hate all the Trojans without exception: 'si· humanos, if your long standing compassion has any regard for mortal woes : ' da,' grant.

690. 'tenues,' reduced, poor: leto,' from destruction.

691-2. Or, if I deserve this misfortune, finish what remains; strike me down with thy thunder, kill me here with thy own hand.

693-6. 'effusis imbribus,' a heavy shower falling: 'sine more,' in an unprecedented manner: tonitru-campi,' the hill-tops and the plains shake with the thunder: 'æthere toto,' from the whole heavens. 'Austris' for nimbis'; the clouds collected by the wind.

6979.sem'usta '; Gr. § 305.vapor,' as in line 683: 'servatæ a peste,' are preserved from the flames.

701-2.huc - versans,' deliberating, turned to and fro weighty and sad thoughts in his mind.

704-7. unum Quem,' whom chiefly, or more than others. The noble family of the Nautii at Rome claimed descent from this Nautes. 'multâ arte,' and made him remarkable by his great skill in divination. 'vel - ordo,' either what the great anger of the gods betokened, or what the line of the fates required.

709-10. quò retrahunt,' as the fates advise and dissuade. Whatever may happen, all hard fortune must be conquered by patient endurance. 712. et volentem,' and unite him to yourself as a willing adviser. 713-4. Deliver to him those who are not wanted since the loss of the ships, and those who are weary of the great undertaking, and of sharing your fortunes. Four ships having been burnt, as many as formed their crews might now be left behind.

717-8.et- - fessi,' and allow those who are tired to have a city in this land. permisso nomine'; if he will allow such use of his name. 720-2. Then truly he is distracted in mind with many causes of anxiety; animum'; Gr. § 234. II. 'polum tenebat,' carried in her twohorse chariot, held possession of the heavens: 'cœlo - delapsa,' the apparition descending from the skies: Visa,' seemed.

6

724-5. quondam magis Care mihi vitâ,' who was once more dear to me than life: Iliacis fatis,' much tried by the hard fates of Troy. 728-9. Consiliis-senior,' follow the excellent advice, which the old man Nautes now gives: fortissima corda,' whose hearts are most brave. 730-3. Gens-est,' a hardy and uncivilized race must be conquered by you in Latium. Ditis,' of Pluto: ‘antè,' in the first place: "Aver na per alta; near lake Avernus, in Campania, the poets placed the entrance of the infernal regions. 'Congressus meos,' seek an interview with me, my son.

734-5. Anchises says, that his spirit does not dwell in Tartarus, where the guilty are punished for their crimes, but in the Elysian fields, in the pleasant assemblies of the good.

736-7. Shall lead you, having first plentifully offered in sacrifice the blood of black sheep. Then you shall learn the whole history of your descendants, and what cities shall be given to you.

739. And the cruel dawn breathes upon me with his panting steeds. Ghosts must disappear at daybreak.

741. Quò proripis,' whither do you hasten, — where hide yourself? 743-5. Speaking thus, he kindles up the embers and the dormant fire; and, as a suppliant, pays his adorations to the Lares of Troy and to the sacristy of aged Vesta with consecrated grain and with a full censer of incense. The "Lares are deified spirits, acting as guardians, and properly distinct from the Penates, with whom, however, they are here confounded. The domestic hearth was the altar of these guardian deities. The vestal fire, never allowed to be extinguished, was brought away from Troy by Eneas, and preserved throughout his wanderings. The image of Vesta was kept in the inmost part of the house and veiled from the sight of men. She was called 'cana,' either on account of her long established worship, or because she was one of the elder deities; see note to Book I. 292.

750-1. Transcribunt,' is the technical term for selecting those who are to colonize a city. 'Deponunt,' they leave behind.

752-3. 'Ipsi- navigiis,' they themselves repair the rowers' benches, and restore those timbers in the ships that were injured by the fire.

755. urbem aratro,' marks out with the plough the limits of the city. 757-61. Esse,'' nomine' understood. Gaudet regno,' rejoices in his new kingdom: et- vocatis,' having appointed senators, he dic tates laws. Tum - Idaliæ,' also, a temple for Idalian Venus is estab lished on the summit of mount Eryx, near to the stars; Idaliæ'; see note to Book 1. 693. tumulo Anchiseo,' for the tomb of Anchises. Groves, as well as temples, were consecrated to deified spirits.

763. honos, a sacrifice: 'straverunt æquora,' stilled the waves.

766. They spent the day and night in embracing each other.

767-8. ipsi- nomen,' the very persons, to whom formerly the aspect of the sea seemed terrible, and its name not to be endured, now wish to depart. This is a fine stroke of nature.

771-3. 'consanguineo'; because of the same nation; they were not connected as relatives. ex ordine,' forthwith.

777-8. Repeated from Book III. 130, and 290.

779. 'exercita curis,' troubled with anxious thoughts. 781.' nec - pectus,' insatiable disposition.

783. longa dies,' length of time: pietas; Æneas had endeavoured to mitigate her wrath by acts of worship; see Book III. 547.

785-7. Non-Reliquias,' it is not enough for her wicked hate, that she has utterly destroyed one city from among the Phrygian race, and has drawn the survivors through every species of suffering; 'traxe,' by syncope, for 'traxisse.'

788. Causas furoris,' she may know good reasons for so great anger, "but I do not" understood.

789-90. Referring to the storm described in the opening of the first book, which Neptune stilled. Quam molem,' what a tempest.

791-4. Æoliis tuis,' vainly trusting to the winds of Folus, and daring to do this in your kingdom; see Book I. 138-9. Venus artfully reminds Neptune, how Juno had trespassed upon his authority, in order to enlist him on her side in the quarrel. Per scelus actis,' for 'in scelus adactis.' 'classe '; only a part of the fleet was burnt.

796-7. liceat-tuta,' that Eneas may be allowed safely to spread: 'tibi,' by a Greek idiom, for 'per te': 'Laurentem'; the capital city of Latium gave a name to the river, near which it was situated. 798. 'concessa,' what it is lawful to grant.

800-1. Fas- ducis,' it is wholly right for thee, Cytherea, to have confidence in my kingdom, whence you derived your birth. According to the fable, Venus was born from the ocean, whence she was called "Anadyomene."

803-5. And on land also, I call Xanthus and Simors to witness, that I took no less care of your Æneas. When Achilles in pursuit drove the terrified bands of the Trojans to their walls. See the Iliad, Book XX and XXI. Achilles having put the Trojans to flight, many of them, in order to escape, jumped into the Xanthus. He sprang in after them, and choked up the stream with their bodies, and discolored it with their blood. Before this took place, he had fought with Eneas, whom Neptune rescued from his hands and carried off in a cloud, though the god generally favored the cause of the Greeks.

807-11.reperire viam,' to find a passage for its waters. 'Pelidæ -imo,' then, Aneas having met in fight the brave son of Peleus, unequally matched in point of strength and the favor of the gods, I snatched him away in a hollow cloud; though I desired to overturn from the foundation, &c. 811. See notes to Geor. I. 502.

813.-4. He shall safely enter the harbours of Avernus, as you desire; see note to Geor. II. 161-4. It was near Avernus, that Eneas first landed in Italy. Unus'; Palinurus, whose fate is soon to be told. 817-9. 'auro,' for 'jugo aureo': 'genitor' is an epithet of dignity: