Providence, but there are few subjects of doctrinal or practical interest (generally speaking) that are not touched upon in it. Mr. Steven, in his History of the Scottish Church at Rotterdam (p. 112), describes it as "a production which does much honour to the piety and sound professional learning of its author." He derives a reflected celebrity at this time, from being the father of Robert Fleming, junior, who was pastor of the same church from 1695 to 1699. The younger Fleming published in 1701 "The grand Apocalyptic Question concerning the Rise and Fall of Rome Papal," in which he calculated, with surprising exactness, that the humiliation of the French monarchy would take place (as the Fourth Vial) before the year 1794. This interpretation excited considerable attention at the end of the last century, as well it might. Another of his conjectures was, that the humiliation of the papacy would coincide with the year 1848, a supposition which passing events are not belying. This work has lately been reprinted, both in England and Scotland, and it certainly is one of no inconsiderable interest.

The Monthly Volume, Nos. 15 and 24. -The former of these volumes, which has somehow been overlooked at its first appearance, is entitled " Modern Jerusalem," and serves as a sequel to that on "Ancient Jerusalem " (No. 12.) It begins with the death of Herod, and though the term modern may seem inapplicable, the reader must be fastidious, if he allows that objection to last beyond the first page. It takes in the History of Jerusalem from its overthrow to the Crusades, with an outline of those adventurous expeditions, and a description of the present state of the city. There are few works that group all these diversified particulars into so narrow a compass. The essence of many volumes of travels is given here, including portions of the topographical poem published by Purchas. At p. 184 Longinius

should have been printed Longinus.No. 34, on "The Origin and Progress of Language" has this strong recommendation, the want of separate works on that subject, of the same comprehensive character: so far, therefore, as its limits extend, it supplies a desideratum in our literature. It displays a respectable degree of research, combined with sound views of Divine truth, and may form an introduction to philological studies, a taste for which it is likely to leave on the reader's mind. At p. 158 Alydemes is a misprint for Abydenus. The subsequent reference to antiquity should have been given more precisely than in a simple citation of Mr. Redford's work, especially as Mr. Faber, in his "Hora Mosaica" (2d edition), has not noticed the circumstance.

At

The Sacred Diary. By W. Gearing. 18mo. pp. xvi. 164.-This little volume is further entitled "Select Meditations for every part of the Day, and the Employments thereof." The author was Rector of Christchurch, Southwark, 1688. first the reader might suppose that this work was a specimen of the author's own Diary, but, as the second part of the title indicates, it is a series of directions how to pass the day. If in some few points it will appear over methodical, still its general object and tone are excellent, and often the parts of a book which make the deepest impression are the incidental, and not the formal ones. It might be called a commentary on the scriptural precept To redeem time. Section 23, on "The Importance of a Calling and Business," is worth every young man's perusal, however independent of the world in his circumstances. It is a book that deserves to be handled nocturná et diurná manu, as Horace says. In some respects it is a "Holy Living," like Jeremy Taylor's, upon a smaller scale. A few digressive passages have been omitted, and obsolete words exchanged for others of the same meaning.

Monumental Effigies previous to the time of King John, as illustrative of the tomb of that monarch in Worcester cathedral.

Mr. Wright afterwards read a paper "On the Romantic Materials of History, illustrated from the Autobiography of Egwin Bishop of Worcester." Egwin was the founder of the abbey of Evesham : his autobiography does not exist in its original state, but it is worked up into one of the lives contained in a volume of Saints'

illustrated with equal profusion,-were the collection of Æsopean fables, known under the titles of Ysoprets and Avynets, from the names of the celebrated fabulists Esop and Avienus. With these was intimately connected the large romantic or rather satiric cycle of the history of Renard the Fox, which enjoyed an extraordinary degree of popularity from the twelfth century to the nineteenth. The fables and the romance of Renard are frequently represented on the stalls. The fable of the rats hanging the cat is represented in a carving on the stalls of Great Malvern. The man and the ass, the fox carrying away the goose, and one or two other similar subjects, are found at Gloucester. The fox preaching is found on one of the side ornaments of a stall carving in Worcester cathedral, and is not of unfrequent occurrence elsewhere. Another class of literature, frequently accompanied with pictorial illlustrations in the manuscripts, comprises the calendars or ecclesiastical almanacks, in which the domestic or agricultural employ ments of each month are pictured at the top or in the margin of the page. subjects are extremely frequent in carved stalls. Three in Worcester cathedral represent men mowing, reaping, and sheaving the corn. Another represents the swineherd feeding his pigs, by beating down the acorns from the trees.

Such

Scenes

of hunting or hawking are also frequently met with. The stall-carver has given a still wider range to his imagination in representing domestic scenes. A curious example at Worcester represents a man closely wrapped up, seated beside a fire, stirring his pot; on one side are two flitches of bacon, the winter's provisions, suspended to a hook, while on the other a cat is basking in the warmth of the chimney. On a stall at Minster in the Isle of Thanet, an old woman is occupied at her distaff, accompanied by two cats of grotesque appearance. One of the stalls at Great Malvern represents a man at his dinner; another a woman in bed, attended by a physican. Others of this class are more grotesque and playful, representing games and pastimes, and practical jokes, not always restrained within the bounds of modern delicacy. Monks and nuns sometimes appear in scenes of this description, of which some curious examples are furnished by the stalls in Hereford cathedral. It is remarkable, and especially characteristic of these carvings, that scriptural or religious subjects are very rare. The

story of St. George and the Dragon occurs on a stall at Stratford-upon-Avon, the side-ornaments to which are not very congruous grotesques. The stories of the great medieval romances also find a place

in these representations. A foreign example represents the fabulous Aristotle subdued by the charms of his patron's wife

the subject of a well-known poem, the lai d'Aristote. A stall at Gloucester, no doubt taken from one of the old romans de geste, represents a knight in combat with a giant. Subjects that may be considered as strictly allegorical are also rare!; perhaps the figure of a naked man enveloped in a net, with a hare under his arm, and riding on a goat, in the stalls of Worcester cathedral, may be considered as belonging to this class. A figure of a fool riding on a goat occurs on the stalls at Gloucester. The subjects most commonly supposed to be of this allegorical character are mere grotesques, copied from those fantastic sketches so often found in the margins of manuscripts of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries.

Mr. Llewellyn Jewitt read a paper on Encaustic Paving Tiles. After recounting the examples already best known, he stated that, on his first examination of Worcester cathedral, he could hardly find a score of ornamental tiles, with the exception of the sepulchral cross in the Lady Chapel (engraved in Nichols's Examples, Part II. and in our Magazine for May 1844); but in the passages leading from the vestries at the west end of the south choral aisle, and the adjoining singing-room, he had since discovered, on the removal of a large quantity of decayed furniture and rubbish, some pavements of the finest character, to the extent of at least seventy square yards, for the most part remaining in their original arrangement. The patterns are various. Besides some exquisite designs of foliage extending over sets of four, nine, and sixteen tiles, birds, sacred emblems, and other devices, there is a fine series of heraldic decorations, containing amongst others the arms of Clare, Boteler, Warren, Scot, Beauchamp, and the royal arms: these are all single tiles, but there are also some fine examples of shields, composed of four tiles; the lion and spread eagle of the King of the Romans, are represented within double quatrefoils, and his shield, charged with a lion rampant within a border bezanty, is placed lozengewise on the four tiles, the lateral spaces being filled with elegant foliage; the floors are divided into compartments by borders of shields or birds, (of patterns identical with some discovered in one of the ancient kilns near Worcester,) and these compartments are filled in with tiles laid lozengewise, the patterns upon them being divided from each other by bands of plain black quarries. This gives a good effect and pleasing variety to the pavement.

J. A. Repton, esq. F.S.A. sent a paper

with a sketch of a rich capital from Worcester cathedral, to point out the advantage of clearing away the whitewash from our ancient buildings. The discovery of the beautiful capitals in the cathedral is owing to the hint suggested by his late father. Mr. Repton also sent a paper with a sketch of one of the brass-plates from Writtle church, Essex, to shew that we are not always to depend upon the rubbing for a correct representation of the plate itself.

SUSSEX ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Aug. 10. The Annual Meeting of this Society took place at the County Hall, Lewes, the Earl of Chichester in the chair. A large collection of antiquities, contributed by various exhibitors, was displayed in the room. Among them

were various remains from the Roman iron-works at Maresfield (hereafter noticed), a great variety of coins, seals, weapons, and pottery, &c. &c. The Earl of Chichester exhibited Oliver Cromwell's pocket bible in four thin volumes. On the walls were displayed rubbings from several fine monumental brasses.

W. H. Blaauw, esq. Hon. Secretary, read a paper on the Priory of St. Pancras at Lewes. In 1077 William de Warenne applied to the monks of Clugni, soliciting some of them to establish themselves at Lewes. The king was rather a rival to the intention than a helper, for he sent to Normandy to get a dozen monks, promising to make them all bishops or abbats, as the Norman monks were much esteemed for their superior learning and manners. The founders originally intended the Priory for ten persons only. A fixed sum of 20s. a year was paid to Clugni in lieu of all other claims. The first dedication of the church took place between the years 1091 and 1097. Gundrada died three years before her husband, who, in his will, left directions to be buried in the church of St. Pancras with his wife, which was done. Mr. Blaauw then made some allusions to the tomb newly erected in Southover church, and in which the remains of the noble founders, after having been more than once disturbed, had again found a resting-place. This tomb had been erected by subscription, and some of the noble subscribers were descendants of the Warennes. Amongst those claiming kindred were the Duke of Norfolk, Earl Delawarr, and the Earl of Abergavenny. Three hundred pounds had been expended upon it, and as it was not quite finished, any lady or gentleman might forward their subscriptions, which would be thankfully received. At the second dedication the then Bishop of Winchester cut off the hair of William

de Warenne in front of the high altar, a form used by way of seisin, and it is probable that it was at that spot that his body was afterwards buried. The Priory became afterwards a place of burial for many noble and distinguished characters. All Clugniac monasteries in England were founded from St. Pancras Priory. In 1247, when great alterations were made, the master of the builders was John, and the master-mason was called sculptor, probably from being a superior workman, but his name is not known. In 1296 the church of St. John is described as being outside the church of the monks. Mr. Blaauw proceeded to describe some of the most remarkable grants to the Priory, and afterwards read some extracts from one of its chronicles preserved in the British Museum.

Mr. M. A. Lower read a paper on the iron foundries of Sussex. He stated that, owing to the archæological acumen of the Rev. Edward Turner, of Maresfield, the existence of this manufacture could be traced back to the time of the Roman dominion. This discovery originated from accident in the year 1844, when Mr. Turner noticed, upon a heap of cinders lying by the roadside, a small fragment of Roman pottery, and upon inquiry, he found that the cinders had been removed from Old Land Farm, in his own parish, for the repairs of the neighbouring roads. Upon going to the farm he found that the workmen employed in digging the cinders were exposing to view the vestiges of a Roman settlement. Further investigation elicited the fact that the manufacture of iron was there carried on by the Romans. Mr. Lower took an elaborate review of the continued manufactory of iron in this county from that period until the 17th century, when it attained its highest prosperity. The largest existing remains of Sussex iron are the ballustrades which surround St. Paul's cathedral. They were cast at Lamberhurst furnace, and their weight is above 200 tons. Their cost, according to the accounts kept at the furnace, was £11,202 08. 6d. The annual consumption of wood at this furnace was 200,000 cords. Mr. Lower concluded by attributing the decline of the iron manufacture in this county to its production being more expensive than in those districts where coal and iron are found in close proximity to each other.

John Britton, esq. F.S.A. next addressed the meeting, making some remarks on the brick castle of Hurstmonceux, of which he exhibited various drawings.

Mr. Blaauw read some extracts from a complete Roll for the Rape of Lewes of all who had the privilege to pay taxes in

1296. There was also the clerical subsidiary roll of the Diocese of Chichester, showing what they paid for themselves and their churches. The whole of the rates amounted to 14771. 128. 53d. The largest amount of any single town was Chichester, the next was Pevensey. Lewes paid 1921. 2s. 7‡d. There were many singular names in the list of the payers. At first the residences appeared to supply the names, such as Matilda of Goldred, Robert of Borestal, Adam at Hatch, John at Stair, Richard at the Oak, William at the Hook. Then there were some named from their personal appearance or habits, such as Roger Yellowbeard, Robert Cleanwater, Simon Knave, Pluckrose, Pullrose, Walter the Younghusband, Stockfish, Thomas Thousandpound, a waxchandler of Lewes, Matilda Scold-the-cook. Many were also called after their trades, such as Gilbert the Blower, Nicholas the Hatter, William the Hafter. Amongst the burgesses of Lewes were William the Butcher, Edward the Hocker, Jervas at the Ham, Gilbert at the Market, Peter the Cook, Simon at the Cross, &c.

Mr. Blencowe said that Sir Henry Ellis had sent a long paper, copied from a journal of Richard Stapley's, which commenced in 1682, and ended in 1784. Richard Stapley was the descendant of a distinguished family at Hicksted, in this county. He was a quiet unostentatious man, living with his mother, and seldom leaving his house. His manners were methodistical and precise, as his journal would prove. So wealthy was the family that one of his ancestors had boasted that they could walk from Hicksted to Brighton without going off their own estate. family was now extinct. He read some selections from the journal.

The

Mr. Blaauw then read some extracts from a paper containing some interesting particulars of royal progresses in Sussex, particularly some of King Stephen's, which he was not aware had appeared in any local publication. With reference to King Stephen, it appeared that the allowance of wine for himself and household on their progress was a tun a day.

Mr. Dixon, of Worthing, commenced reading a paper on ancient brass relics, and a British or Gaulish ornament found at Rottingdean, but was obliged to postpone the remainder until the next meeting, from the time having more than expired of the intended duration of the meeting.

The company afterwards dined in a large marquee erected for the occasion, the Earl of Chichester in the chair, supported by the Bishop, the Dean, Lord Abinger, &c. &c.

BURY AND WEST SUFFOLK ARCHEO

LOGICAL INSTITUTE.

The second General Meeting of this society was held at Clare on the 14th of September, under the presidency of Colonel Baker of Clare Priory. Among the gentlemen present were the Rev. Lord Arthur Hervey, the Rev. Lord C. Hervey, the Rev. Sir T. G. Cullum, Bart., Sir Henry Bunbury, Bart., P. Bennet, esq. M.P., Lewis Majendie, esq., &c. &c. The company first repaired to the Common, where the agger and fosse of a Roman encampment is distinctly traceable, and in some parts very perfect. They then walked to the Castle, which was the great scene of expectation, in consequence of excavations having been in progress during the past week. The site occupied by the fortifications was about twenty acres. On a hill artificially constructed, and near 100 feet in height, stood a circular keep, built of rubble, and strengthened with buttresses. Mr. Tymms, the Hon. Secretary, read a paper, consisting of historical notes of the castle, from its erection to the present period, with a description of the remains and recent excavations. A very perfect Norman buttress of the principal entrance gateway had been exposed. Mr. Tymms also read a paper, by Mr. Armstead, who had superintended the excavations, on the dimensions of the corona, or keep.

The Priory, now the seat of Colonel Baker, was next visited. The house, originally the Prior's lodgings, contains much to interest the visitor. Some early vaultings in the offices appear to be nearly coeval with the foundation of the Priory in the latter part of the thirteenth century; and the dormitory, now used as a barn, but generally known as the chapel, with the cloister wall and ruined bridge, were objects of much curiosity.

The archæologists then returned to the town, and having in their way inspected a crypt of Decorated work in the Marketplace, believed to have been under the original Market Cross, and the carved work of several timber-houses of the fifteenth century, visited the Church, which is a spacious edifice in the Perpendicular style, and particularly interesting from the crocketed hood-moulding to the arches of the nave, and the elaborate frieze between them and the clerestory windows. south porch has a crypt below and a room above, the latter of which is inaccessible, and a chapel, now used as the priory pew, on the side of it. A brass eagle lectern, some screen-work at the end of the south aisle of the nave, &c. were much admired. Between forty and fifty gentlemen here partook of luncheon: after which Mr. Tymms read a paper, by Col. Baker, on

The