and moft vigorous ftand made by the ancient. Irish for their independence. That it defolated the country I admit; but in this, as in the fubfequent conflicts, the balance of feverity was with the victors. The commander himself had been polifhed at the court, and had followed arms in the camps of England: his fenfe of dignity, was far fuperior to that of the officers,* who often oppofed him. In the fervice of England, he had been a faithful and valiant auxiliary. He became a formidable, but a generous enemy. He fubmitted to Lord Mountjoy, but having reason to apprehend, that new defigns against his fafety were formed by a fubfequent Viceroy, he fled to Spain, where his family hold to the present day a high rank among the most eminent and honored of the nobility. The po-. pular traditions of Ireland long remembered the fame, and deplored the fortunes, of this its last and favorite leader.

The catastrophe of O'Neil, and the discomfitare of his adherents, removed every obstacle to the reduction of Ireland: our hiftory no longer prefents any other relation but fovereign and

fubject

*He was indeed oppofed by the Earl of Effex, who feems to have treated him with confiderable attention. The terms which he procured from Lord Mountjoy, on his fubmiffion, prove, that he was confidered by that nobleman, as an able and powerful adverfary.

To this Earl of Tyrone, may be applied, what the Scotch poet, Pitcairn, fays of Lord Dundee

Te moriente novas accepit Scotia leges,
Accepitque novos, te moriente Deos.*
Illa tibi fupereffe nequit, nec tu potes illa
Ergo, Caledonia, nomen inane, vale.

Tuque vale, gentis quondam fortiffime ductor,
Ultime Scotorum, atque ultime Græme, vale.

Alluding to the abolition of epifcopacy at the Revolution.

fubject. The noble Irish wolf-dog had been in jured; he howled, and they flew him for his melancholy tone. But the party-coloured animal that feized upon his fkin, fancied itself invested with the fame high pretenfions, and no lefs inceffantly growled against Great Britain. Following the thread of Irifh affairs, we fhall learn if the new proprietors were more docile than the ancient. Although the modern poffeffors of Ireland owe to the fifter nation a debt of gratitude, with which the former were not burthened, yet thefe, whether of Irish race, or of the pale, never demanded more than the protection of their properties, and indulgence to the religion in which they were educated. The pofterity of thofe, who were planted in Ireland, by William, James, Elizabeth and Cromwell, have repeatedly brought into debate, the very terms and effence of the connexion.

TO BE CONTINUED IN A SECOND PUBLICATION,

ERROR-In page 26, line 4, for "by means of their property," read "by the abolition of exclufive ftatutes.”

Page 25, line 4 from bottom, for "Political Effay," read "Tritical Effay.

APPENDIX.

I SHALL here, in teftimony of Doctor Duigenan's marked difingenoufnefs, infert the teft oath, which the Catholics take, and alfo that, which he inferts as rejected by them. The Catholics refufe to renounce the Pope's fpiritual fupremacy, from whence Doctor Duigenan infers, contrary to what he knows to be fact, that they equally refufe to abjure the temporal fupremacy of the Pope, his depofing and difpenfing power, and the murderous doctrine charged in the oath of fupremacy,

Doctor Duigenan, p. 12, fays, "It will be neceffary "to infert here, the oath "of Jupremacy, which all Romanifts refufe abfolutely "to take, and have done fo fince the first framing of it. "The oath of fupremacy is as follows: "I do fwear, that "I do from my heart ab"hor, deteft, and abjure, "as impious and heretical, "that damnable doctrine "and position, that Princes "excommunicated or de

prived by the Pope, or "any authority of the See

The cath prescribed by the ftat. 33d of the King, to be taken by the Catholics, is as follows:-(Doctor Duigenan proposed this teft in Parliament, the Catholic clergy fanctioned it with their approbation, and the laity adopted it.)

"I A. B. do hereby "declare, that I do pro"fefs the Roman Caholick

religion. I A, B. do "fwear, that I do abjure "condemn and deteft as "unchristian and impious, "the principle that it is "lawful to murder destroy,

or

any ways injure any per"fon whatsoever, for, or "under the pretence of

"of Rome, may be depofed "or murdered by their fubjects, or by any other "perfon whatsoever: and "I do declare, that no fo"reign Prince, Prelate, "State, or Potentate, hath "or ought to have, any "jurifdiction, power, fu"periority, pre-eminence, "or authority,ecclefiaftical "or fpiritual within this "realm. So help me God."" the good of the church, (6 in obedience to any

being a heretic; and I "do declare folemnly be"fore God, that I believe "that no act in itself un"just, immoral or wicked, "can ever be justified or "excused by, or "pretence or colour, that "it was done either for

or

under

"ecclefiaftical power whatsoever. I alfo declare, that it is not an article of the Catholic. "faith, neither am I thereby required to believe "or profefs that the Pope is infallible, or that I

am bound to obey any order in its own nature "immoral, though the Pope or any Ecclefiafti"cal power should iffue or direct fuch order, but "on the contrary, I hold, that it would be finful "in me to pay any refpect or obedience thereto; "I further declare, that I do not believe that any "fin whatsoever, committed by me, can be forgiven at the mere will of any Pope, or of any

Priest, or of any perfon or perfons whatfoever, "but that fincere forrow for paft fins, a firm and "fincere refolution to avoid future guilt, and to atone to God, are previous and indispensable

፡፡

requifites to establish a well-founded expectation " of forgivenefs; and that any perfon who ex"pects abfolution without thefe previous requi"fites, fo far from obtaining thereby any remif"fion of fins, incurs the additional guilt of vio

lating a facrament; and I do fwear that I will "defend to the utmost of my power, the fettle"ment and arrangement of property in this country as established by the laws now in being; I "do hereby disclaim, difavow, and folemnly ab

66

jure

66

..

jure any intention to fubvert the prefent church eftablishment, for the purpofe of fubftituting a "Catholic eftablishment in its ftead; and I do folemnly fwear, that I will not exercise any pri"vilege to which I am or may become entitled, "to difturb and weaken the Proteftant religion "and Proteftant government of this kingdom. "So help me God."

The following note was by accident omitted in its proper place, page 36.

The present anarchy of France cannot be eternal. That country will come to a fettlement, probably under the ancient line of its monarchs; but in whatever form it fettles, doubtlefs France will be a more eligible refidence than Ireland, unlefs means be devised of putting an end to the factions that now distract this nation. It is impoffible that Ireland fhould be made to profper, unless government be carried on, somewhat more than it hitherto has been, in conformity to the genius of the people.

What may be the effect of emigration thofe will witness who recollect how much both of capital and active spirit was withdrawn from Ireland to foreign countries by the expatriation both of families and individuals, down to the year 1778. Mr. Dobbs, an Irish Member of Parliament, who wrote in. the year 1729, attributes the lofs of the woollen manufacture, principally, to the number of Catholics who paffed to Spain, immediately on the enacting the Popery Laws.-Dobbs on the Trade of Ireland.