The Quarterly Review

danger of its development. The decisive effect of volunteer action in Stockholm in 1909 has been described above. In this country also volunteers came forward readily during the recent strikes to act as special constables and, where necessary, to assist in securing the supply of provisions. The idea has been taken up by the Press, and various suggestions have been made for putting it into a practical form. The creation of a volunteer force capable of performing the daily work necessary for the preservation of life and health in a great city is a huge undertaking, but the doubt is not as to its possibility but as to the willingness of the public to take the trouble and submit to the self-sacrifice involved in such an enterprise.

It is evident that in all civilised countries a feeling of discontent fostered by the increasing influence of democratic ideas, the spread of education and the accumulation of wealth, pervades the wage-earning classes, and threatens the stability of the existing organisation of society. Social history shows that under this system, itself the outcome of natural forces, the conditions of labour have steadily and continuously improved; and it is reasonable to believe that, given social stability, the same process will continue, and the economical problem of a fair distribution of wealth will in time be solved. But, like all natural processes, its action is extremely slow. The average wage-earner, who cannot be expected to know or understand the reasons for thinking that slowness of development is an inevitable condition of human progress, is naturally impatient and listens readily to those who assure him that the revolution they recommend will hasten the process. The question is how this natural impatience can be reconciled with the preservation of social stability. In this country the urgency of the question has been greatly increased by the events of the past summer.

It was inevitable that, sooner or later, the principle of the solidarity of labour should appear here as elsewhere; and with its coming a new era in the history of the never-ending strife between Capital and Labour has been inaugurated. It must be recognised that in future there will be an ever-present possibility of the development of some trade dispute into a widespread revolt of

Labour which may approximate to a general strike. It is true that the rank and file of the great army of Labour in this country are not in the least likely to be actuated by any wish to destroy society; but their great power is now to a great extent under the control of men who desire this end, and the absence of destructive intention on the part of the wage-earners will not lessen the disastrous result of the policy of their leaders. It is fortunate that, owing to premature action and incomplete organisation, the mischief caused by the recent attempt to bring about a general strike was comparatively small; but the organisation of labour is making rapid progress, and, when the next attempt is made, it is probable that its effects will be far more serious. The warning given by the late strike is unmistakable and timely; and it is to be hoped that the public will pay due heed to it and take measures for defence before it is too late. No better method for reconciling the claims of labour with economical possibilities and with the maintenance of social order has been suggested than collective bargaining. This method is for the present discredited, but it seems possible that the creation of an efficient volunteer service, by destroying all possibility of the success of a general strike, might put an end to attempts to bring it about, and might thus lead to the re-establishment of collective bargaining for the adjustment of disputes. If this should come to pass, the prospects of industrial peace would be brighter, and the unpleasant experience of the late strikes would be recognised as a blessing in disguise.

INDEX

TO THE

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH VOLUME OF THE
QUARTERLY REVIEW.

[Titles of Articles are printed in heavier type.

The names of authors of

articles are printed in italics.]

Acton, Lord, his Historical Work,
166 characteristics, ib.-literary
work, 167, 182-capacity for the
arrangement of knowledge, 168-
historical criticisms, 169-literary
judgments, 170-compared with
Treitschke, ib.-metaphysical in-
terest in history, 171-pupil of
Döllinger, ib. his theological
standpoint, 172-176-lectures on
the French Revolution, 176–189—
incompatibility of liberty and
equality, 177-treatment of Church
questions, 178-praise of Abbé
Sieyes, 179-causes for the State
appropriation of Church property,
180-his estimate of Mounier and
Mirabeau, 182-on the downfall of
the monarchy, 183-his tribute to
the work of M. Aulard, 184-
opinion of Danton, 186-the fall
of the Girondins, 187-depiction
of Robespierre, 188.
Adam, Madame, her revelation of
Gambetta's real character, 363
et seq.

Anthology, The Greek, 23

vitality of the language, 24-
characteristics of the poems, 24,
31-the life depicted, 25-child-
hood, ib.-youth, 26-middle age,
ib.-old age, 27-J. W. Mackail's
prose translation, ib.-difficulties

of verse translation, 28-various
collections of English versions, 28-
30, 36-sadness, the general tone
of the poems, 32-patriotism, 33—
tendencies of philosophy, 34-36—
character of the literary epitaphs,
36-the poems of Meleager, 38-
of P. Silentiarius, ib.-apprecia-
tion of the beauty of flowers, 39—
idealisation of the beauties of
nature, ib.-dread of the sea, 40-
wit and humour, 41.
Architecture, Gothic and Renais-
sance, 139-characteristics of Ro-
man, 140-superseded insular style,
141-church-building, 142-adop-
tion of the pointed arch, 143-result
of the abandonment of the basilica
form, 144-causes for the adoption
of the vaulted roof, 145-develop-
ment of Gothic, 146-transition
from Romanesque to Pointed, ib.
-Early English style, 147-size of
windows, ib. -Decorated and Per-
pendicular styles, 148-domestic
architecture, 149 examples of
Norman, ib.-monasteries, 150—
castles and manor houses, 151-
development of Renaissance, 152-
Tudor and Elizabethan mansions,
154-examples of mixed work, 155
-chief master-builders, 156-erec-
tion of country-houses, 157-the
work of Inigo Jones, ib.-Wren,
158-influence of antiquaries, 159

-revival of Gothic, 160-164-the
Classic style, 161-views of Pugin
and Ruskin, ib.

Argentina, trading relations with
Great Britain, 62.

Atkinson, J. J., his essay on 'Primal
Law,' 104.

Aulard, A., The French Revolu-

tion: a Political History,' 184.
Australia, characteristics of the
aborigines, 102. See Primitive
Man.

Australian Commonwealth, Ten
Years of the, 305-motives of
Federation, 306-inter-State free
trade, 306 — fruit of manhood
suffrage, 307-summary of legis-
lation, 307-311-growing influence
of Labour, 312-Mr Deakin, 311-
316-the question of State control,
316-the Labour party, 317-Mr
Fisher, 318-aims of the Labour
party, 318-320-quality of their
candidates, 320 the bettering
of conditions, 321- the Labour
caucus, 322-326-a Fusion, 324-
326-confidence in Labour minis-
ters, 324-contrasts with England,
326-Australian defence and the
Imperial Navy, 327-329-immigra-
tion, 329-333-British opinion and
the truth, ib.

Austria-Hungary, result of the an-
nexation of Bosnia and Herze-
govina, 247-relations with Ger-
many, 247, 259-revival of the idea
of 'trialism,' 260.
Avebury, Lord, 'Origin of Civilisa-
tion,' 107.

Bacon, Sir Reginald, and the British
submarine, 468.

Balfour, Rt Hon. A. J., M.P., on
commercial treaties with the
Dominions, 270, 286-his character
as a leader of the Unionist party,
294, 298-want of foresight, 295-
speech on the Referendum, 296.
Bible, The English, 505-the ter-
centenary celebrations, 505-recent

works, 506-the Authorised Ver.
sion, 507-522-a literary na
ment, 507-Matthew's Bible, -
Tindale's work, 509-512-Coe
dale, 513-517-the Psalter, ali-
the Great Bible, 517-Gene
Bible, 518-the Bishops' Bible, 519
-details of the revision, 520-the
Rheims New Testament, 521-
cess of preparing the Authorise
Version, 522-bases of the work.
524-527-the Douay version, 527–
verbal improvements, 523-the Re-
vised Version, 529-need for some
new revision, 530.

Bismarck, his relations with Gam
betta, 353, 357.

Blomfield, R., A History of Renais
sance Architecture in England."
156.

British Diplomacy and Trade, 442
-need for more consular energy,
443 lack of intelligent official
direction, 444-information pigeon-
holed, 445-details of the service,
and comparisons, 446-urgent need
of capable representatives, 447-
the British Consular Service, 448
--Commercial Attachés, 449-the
question of means, ib.—great trad-
ing possibilities, 450-the cost,
British and American, ib.-con
sular salaries, 451-anomalous ap
pointments, ib.-superintendents
wanted, 452-Chambers of Com
merce, ib.
comparisons with
America, 454-German enterprise.
455-457-Mr Philander Knox, 457
-Mexico, 458-the Monroe Doc
trine and trade, 459-American in-
consistencies, 460-negligence of
the Press, 461.

British Medical Association, de-
mands on the Insurance Bill, 203.
Brown, Prof. Hume, History of
Scotland,' 398.

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Campbell, The Rev. A. J., "The
Making of Scotland,' 397.
Canada, commercial treaty-making
rights, 269, 287-contributions to
Imperial defence, 278-preferential
proposals, 279 - Reciprocity Bill,
280, 286.

Chamberlain, Rt Hon. J., M.P., his
proposal of an Advisory Council of
Empire, 271-Imperial Preference
scheme, 274.

Chéradame, André, 'The Strength
and Weakness of the Triple En-
tente,' 244.

Church Law, English, and
Divorce, 531. See Divorce.
Clarke, Dr, quoted on Australian
socialism, 318.

Clay, Sir Arthur, 'Syndicalism and
Labour,' 575.

Clodd, Edward, Primitive Man on

His Own Origin,' 97.
Colquhoun, Archibald R., 'The Im-
perial Conference,' 263.
Colum, P., character of his plays,
237.

Conference, The Imperial, 263—
result of six, 264-the alliance
theory as opposed to organic
unity, 265-Lord Salisbury's speech
on opening the Conference of 1887,
on Imperial union, 266-question
of defence, 266-268, 271, 276, 283—
commercial union, 268, 272-rights
of Canada, 269, 287-Ottawa Con-
ference of 1894, 270-Conference of
1897, ib.-rejection of the proposal
for an Advisory Council of Empire,
271 - Naval Conference of the
Australian Colonies in 1899, ib.-
Conference of 1902, 273-result
of Mr Chamberlain's preference
scheme, 274-Conference of 1907,
275-proposed establishment of a
secretariat, ib. Mr. Haldane's
scheme of military defence, 277—

debate on naval contribution, 278
-preferential proposals, 279-Con-
ference of 1911, 280-Sir J. Ward's
suggestion of an Imperial Council
of Defence, ib.-admission of over-
sea representatives to the Com-
mittee, 281-proposed Standing
Committee, 282-decision of the
Premiers on the Declaration of
London Bill, 283-result of Sir
W. Laurier's proposed Commission
to visit all Dominions, 284-286-
revision of commercial treaties,
286.

Craik, Sir Henry, 'Century of Scottish
History,' 400.

Crammond, Edgar, 'British Invest-
ments Abroad,' 43.

Cromer, Earl, Paraphrases and
Translations from the Greek,' 29.

Darwin, C., 'The Descent of Man,'
104.

Deakin, Mr, and Australian politics,
311 et seq.

Dickins, L., and M. Stanton, 'An
Eighteenth Century Correspond-
ence,' 160.

Dimnet, Abbé, 'The Real Gambetta,'
352.

Divorce, English Church Law
and, 531-the principle of indis-
solubility, 532-the early law, 533
-the breach with Rome, 534-dis-
appearance of papal authority, 535
-the royal authority, ib. — the
'Submission,' 536-the new order
established, 537-result of that
revolution, 538-divorce a vinculo,
539-the code of Canon Law, ib.—
'Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasti-
carum,' 539-545-never acted on,
544-continuance of the pre-Re-
formation system, 545-effect of
adultery, 546-the innocent party,
ib.- the Parr case, ib. - Act of
1857, 548-the Canons of 1604, 549-
551.
Dobrizhoffer, M., An Account of
the Abipones,' extraet from, 104.

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The Quarterly Review, Volume 215