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Notes, Literary, Archæological, &c.

Some new studies on the Catacombs at Rome have been published. Mr. B. Anningson, B.A., of Caius College, Cambridge, has discovered a hitherto unnoticed muscle in the human body.

Sulphur beds have been discovered in California, and the quantity refined is increasing daily.

According to the Augsburger Zeitung, there is a prospect that a new building will soon be erected for the University of Vienna.

A grand composition, entitled "Beethoven," by Abbé Listz, is announced for performance at the approaching Beethoven fêtes in Weimar.

The Society of Arts has announced that the Annual Conversazione of the Members and their friends will take place at the South Kensington Museum on Wednesday, the 4th May.

Dr. Dyer, of Philadelphia, has made a post-mortem examination of the eyes of four executed criminals, and in each case he found a greater or less fracture of the crystalline lens.

M. Martin records an instance in which the heart was on the right side of the body. The subject was a child aged nine, and the heart had during life been irregular in its action.

Mr. Disrael's new novel, "Lothair," will be published on the 2nd of May. It is reported that a proposal was made to the author of 10,000l., and another offer of 4,000l. for its use in a periodical.

In an entry in the Sleaford-Gild Account Book, of which we spoke last week, there is, under 1480, "payd for the Ryitiuall of ye play for the Ascencion, and the wrytyng of spechys, and payntyng of a garment for God, iij. s. viij. d."

Pedestrians by the Wye will learn with great regret that the Postmaster General has applied to the local authorities for permission to erect a telegraph line along the road from St. Arvans to St. Briavels. Let us trust the ugly landscape-deforming wires may be buried and not carried on posts, to the annoyance of those who love natural beauty. That a Bill has been obtained to permit the formation of a railway in the Wye valley is also unpleasant news, the effect of which is mitigated by a certain degree of confidence in the sanity of those who may be invited to find the money for such a speculation.-Athenæum.

The annual consumption of eggs in photography is nearly a million in the United States alone, while the number used on this side the Atlantic is probably at least three or four times as great. Hence it may be estimated that not less than five millions of inchoate fowls are sacrificed every year in the production of photographic portraits. Photographic News.

Miscellaneous.

Church. The Archbishop consented, and the Consul, with all his countrymen, proceeded to the Orthodox Church, where the ceremony took place. The Univers describes this act of Christian toleration and fraternity as only a scandalous farce suited for the Carnival.

The Roman correspondent of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (Leipsic) says the terrorism exercised by the Curia over the Bishops of the Opposition has a comic as well as a tragic side. The Damocles' sword of imprisonment, it is true, hangs perpetually over such of the Eastern Fathers as are not submissive enough, and two of them are already confined in the prison of Santo-Uffizio. Other influences are brought to bear on the rest of the Opposition, and the Holy Father is induced, on every suitable and unsuitable occasion, to blame their policy, and to praise that of their opponents. The writer adds :-"First, among the promoters of the agitation is Count Blome of Schleswig-Holstein, a late convert, who from Rome pulls the wires of the Catholic clubs of Germany. Next come Count Schonburg, who is also a new proselyte, and a Scotchman, Urquhart, who, though a Protestant, prepared the new order of business for the Council. He expects the salvation of the world from an alliance of the Pope with the Padisha, a fact which seems less surprising when we remember that he for years considered Lord Palmerston an incarnation of the devil and the father of treason. Last, to complete the generally supposed to be a Mussulman, and who considers it his duty to grotesque group, stands Lord Stanley of Alderley, who in England is urge the Bishops to fulfil their supposed obligations to the Vicegerent of Christ."

of Westminster read some "Observations on the Roman Sarcophagus At a meeting of the Archæological Institute, on Friday last, the Dean lately discovered at Westminster." On removing the lid it

was found to contain a skeleton, which had been disturbed. The inscription showed that it was to the memory of Valerius Amandinus, by his sons Valerius Superventor and Marcellus. This discovery raised the important and interesting question of the Romans having occupied the The conclusion was that spot now known as Westminster. at some time in the twelfth century perhaps the sarcophagus was brought to Westminster, used a second time as a place of sepulture, and the lid then carved with the cross, but for whom was unknown. Instances of

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second interments in Roman sarcophagi were not unusual in mediæval times, of which some were cited.

The Pall Mall Gazette publishes the following account of the horribly profane transactions which go on in France :-"Masses appear to have become an element of commerce in France, like everything else, the Priests even dealing with promises of Masses just as the commercial world deals with promises to pay; and transactions of this kind are even brought before the tribunals. Thus, for instance, a certain Abbé Piquand demanded of a M. Dousset payment of 13,050f. for 2,175 copies of a religious work that he had sold him, and 1,784f. for some engravings of the same character. But M. Dousset answered that he was freed from this payment to the amount of 14,500f., as he had remitted to the Abbé Piquand promises of masses signed by various priests, and he offered the balance of 334f. The Abbé Piquand acknowlegded the remission of promissory Masses, but argued that he could

M. de Banneville has left Paris for Rome with a note to the Council, not derive any profit from them, partly because it was impossible but its presentation will probably be deferred.

The number of petitions on the education question has increased as follows:-For extension of the present system, to 279, having 21,670 signatures; for alteration in the Elementary Education Bill, to 2,409, having 297,881 signatures; and in favour of the Bill, to 163, bearing 5,737 signatures.

It is reported by the Illustrated London News that a sarcophagus supposed to have contained the veritable bones of Cissa, the founder of the Abbey at Abingdon, has recently been discovered in situ in the grounds attached to the conventual buildings-few of which now remain.

We tkae the following from the Madras Athenæum :-"An ex-schoolmaster, begging for an increase of salary on account of the rise in prices, says:"My pain and sufferings are impeachable, and lie only in the comprehension of gentlemen of your honourable disposition, ready to open your bowels of compassion to sympathise with the afflicted, and by extending your gracious hand to shoulder them from the civil darts of this dear city." Another writer makes the following excuse for absence:"Please excuse attending office to-day, as my grandmother despatched her life and want to go to firing place to see body fired and ashes put in the hole."

The Courrier d'Orient relates an interesting fact which occurred recently at Salonica. On the anniversary of the birthday of King Victor Emmanuel, the Italian Consul, M. Gestari, requested the Abbé Bonnetti, Priest of the Roman Catholic Parish Church, to celebrate a High Mass on the occasion. The latter asked for the opinion of the French Consul, who advised him to refer to the Archbishop of Constantinople. The Curé telegraphed to know how he should act in this circumstance, and was informed that, as the King of Italy was excommunicated by the Pope, no religious ceremony could be performed in honour of the King. The Italian Consul, on learning of this refusal, applied to the Greek Metropolitan, and requested him to celebrate the anniversary in his

that the subscribers could perform such a quantity of Masses as they had undertaken, and partly because their own transactions with M. Dousset were not yet settled. "And," added M. Piquand, "as I do not see any means of forcing the Priests to perform Masses against their wishes, I propose to return to M. Dousset the promises against cash." The Gazette des Tribunaux says that the Tribunal of Commerce decided that, having once accepted the promissary payments, the claimant M. Dousset had only to pay the balance." had now no right to claim an exchange of them against cash, and that

It is noted in the City Article of the Times that with regard to the robbery recently attempted at the premises of Mr. Attenborough, Fleetstreet, a correspondent calls attention to a contrivance invented five years ago by a Mr. A. Baab, by which a new kind of security would be It consisted of an electrical apparatus to be obtained in such cases. placed in connexion with the nearest police-station, and which on the slightest movement would sound an alarm, and not only inform the police that a robbery was in progress, but also of the precise spot that was being attacked.

One would never have imagined that, in its early days, a century and a-half ago, Highbury Barn was associated with pious Nonconformists. Yet so it was, according to an interesting sketch in the North Londoner. The "Highbury Society," instituted in order to commemorate the death of Queen Anne on the day when she was about to give her assent to what was called "The Schism Bill," used to meet at this place, play a game called "hop ball," spend 8d. apiece on a frugal supper, walk back to London quietly. This society came to an end about fifty years ago.

THE MOABITE STONE.-Last Saturday Dr. Ad. Neubauer delivered a lecture at Oxford upon the now famous Moabite inscription. After giving a history of the discovery, he discussed the geographical and historical points of interest raised by the inscription, drawing attention to Îs. xv., xví., which he believed to refer to the Moabite conquests now

first made known to us. He then gave a new translation of the text, which differed in several respects from that already before the public. He showed how remarkably his conjectures have been verified by the amended text of the inscription just published by M. Clermont-Ganneau. Among other new matter, Dr. Neubauer expressed his dissent from the opinion of Sir H. Rawlinson, that Omri, king of Israel, is mentioned in the fourth line of the inscription. He pointed out that for grammatical reasons the lacuna must here be filled up by the word w, "men;" while in line 8, Omri must be a general of Mesha's, or perhaps an Ammonite ally of his, Mesha having been a contemporary of Ahab, not of Omri, and Medeba having belonged to Israel. Dr. Neubauer's views will be more fully stated in a pamphlet, which is soon to appear, but meanwhile it is satisfactory to know that the lecturer acknowledged the soundness of Mr. Deutsch's two interpretations of Karhah and Nabah, at which he himself had independently arrived.-(Frankel's Monatschrift für Wissenschaft des Judenthums, for April, p. 184, foll.).—--Athenæum.

WILL OF THE LATE EARL OF DERBY.-The will of the Right Hon. Edward Geoffrey, Earl of Derby, K.G., P.C., late of Knowsley Hall, Lancaster, and St. James's-square, London, was proved in Her Majesty's Court of Probate, on the 2nd instant, by his eldest son, the Right Hon. Edward Henry, the present earl, the sole executor. The personalty was sworn under £250,000. His Lordship has bequeathed to his Countess, Emma Caroline, daughter of the first Lord Skelmersdale, an immediate legacy of £3,000, and an annuity of £3,000, in addition to a like annuity under settlement. He also leaves to her Ladyship all his plate, with the

exception of his racing cups and racing plate, and a selection of his books from his library, together with furniture. He devises to his eldest son and successor the manor of Knowsley, with the estates at Huyton, Eccleston, and Bickerstaff, and all other his estates in the counties of Lancaster, Chester, Westmoreland, York, and Middlesex, and to his issue male. To his second son, the Hon. Frederick Arthur Stanley, he leaves his estates in the counties of Limerick and Tipperary, and elsewhere in Ireland, with the option of taking the sum of £125,000 in lieu thereof. His Lordship has made provision for his daughter, Lady Emma Charlotte Stanley. Legacies are left to his cousins, nephews, and their children; and legacies and annuities to servants.

** We shall be glad to receive accounts of Good Friday and Easter Day Services.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths.

DEATHS.

April 4, at Branxton Vicarage, Northumberland, the Rev. Robert Jones, aged 70, for 35 years Vicar of Branxton.

April 5, at Holywell Manor House, Oxford, Sister Anne Gwilliam, of the Clewer Sisterhood. R.I.P.

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RICHARD ATKINSON, Esq.

Bankers.

J. ALLANSON, Esq.

CITY BANK, Ludgate Hill Branch.

Medical Adviser.

ROBERT CROSS, M.D., 20, New Street, Spring Gardens.

Solicitors.

CHARLES HANSLIP, Esq., 25, Great James Street, Bedford Row.

MESSRS. PHILLIPS & SON, 11, Abchurch

Lane.

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ALFRED TERRACE, UPPER HOLLOWAY, N.,
FOR DESTITUTE WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
PRESIDENT: Rev. W. W. MALET, S.S.J. WARDEN:
Rev. A. WILLIS FLEMING, S.S.J.

Affords, besides a refuge for those women who desire to forsake their sinful life, a Lying-in Ward and Nurseries for Children.

Applicants are admitted without any distinction as to creed, country, or parish.

FUNDS are urgently needed to carry out the work. Cheques to be crossed "London and South-Western Bank, Holloway Branch." P.0.0. payable at Manorplace Post-office, in Upper Holloway, N.

Hon. Treasurer, J. Cox, Esq., 11, Seven Sisters'-road, N. Hon. Secretary, H. R. GOUGH, S.S.J., Esq., Tollington, Park, N.

ST. FAITH'S MISSION, Stoke

Newington.

This Mission has been carried on in a new aud rapidly increasing district for more than twelve months with considerable success. Upwards of 70 children are under instruction in the schools. Constant Services are held in the temporary school Chapel, viz., frequent celebrations of the Blessed Sacrament, daily Matins, and Evensong,(with additional Services during the Holy Seasons. A Mission House has been provided for the Priest in charge in which rooms are set apart for Night Schools, Reading Room, and Lectures. A site has been purchased for a permanent Church, and when it is erected, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners will assign

MESSES. BARNARD & Co., 148, York it a legal district and endow it.
Road, Lambeth.

Surveyors.-MESSRS. CRAWTER.

Secretary.-HENRY HARBEN Esq.

ANNUAL INCOME £210,000.

New Premium Income progressing at the rate of £55,000 a-year.

The extraordinarily rapid progress of this Company attests the estimation in which it is held by the Public; and the large amount of new business transacted, is the best evidence of the popularity of its principles, and its adaptability to meet the requirements of Assurers. Every description of Assurance Business effected.

Assurances in one payment.

Assurances by Annual Premiums.-One-half only of which are payable for the first seven years, whilst no debt either for Premiums or Interest for the period during which the HalfPremium only is payable is incurred.

Endowments and Temporary Assurance, for Assuring a sum at a specified age, or in the event of previous death.

Endowments for Children for Educational and other Purposes.
Annuities, either immediate or deferred, payable to the time of death.
Assurance of the lives of Members of Building Societies.

All claims are paid in three months with most undeviating regularity and prompitude.
A liberal Commission allowed to Solicitors and others introducing business into this Company.
Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every information may be obtained from the Secretary,
to whom application for Agencies should be addressed.
HENRY HARBEN, Secretary.

All the sittings in the new church will be free and unappropriated. The time, however, for completing the scheme is limited, and, if allowed to drop, others are ready with funds to take it up in a way of which Catholic Churchmen could hardly approve.

The Committee, therefore, earnestly invite all Churchmen who are desirous of maintaining the Church's privileges in all their fulness to come to their assistance. The architect will build the chancel, so as to accommodate the existing congregation and obtain the legal district for £2,500. Two Churchmen are ready to come forward with £100 each, provided twentythree others will do the same, so that the work might be commenced at once, and carried forward to its com

pletion.

Another Churchman will guarantee £25 if met by three similar amounts, one of which has already been received.

SUBSCRIPTIONS and DONATIONS (the latter to be paid at once, or to spread over three years) will be gratefully received on behalf of the Committee by the

joint Treasurers, Rev. J. Dart, Mission House, Victoria-
road, Stoke Newington, N.; E. Ferraby, Eq., Bank of

England, E.C.; or they may be paid to Messrs. Barnet,
Hoare and Co., 60, Lombard-street, to the account of

"St. Faith's Mission, Stoke Newington."

LEE & CO.'S PATENT OLEO

CHARTA WATERPROOF WASHABLE
PAPER-HANGINGS.

The only Remedy for Damp in New or Old Walls. Decorated by First-class Art-Workmen, or Stencilled and Printed in every style, to suit the Palace, the

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Now Ready, Price 28.; by Post, 2s. 2d.,

AYS AT LEIGHSCOMBE: A New S.

DAYS A

Tale for Children.

J. T. HAYES, Lyall-place, Eaton-square; and Simpkin

Lately published, 8vo., pp. 530, price 16s. THE VALIDITY OF THE HOLY ORDERS

THOF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

MAINTAINED AND VINDICATED BOTH THEOLOGICALLY AND HISTORICALLY, WITH FOOT-NOTES, TABLES OF CONSECRATIONS AND APPENDICES.

n use

By the Rev. FREDERICK GEORGE LEE, D.C.L., F.S.A., Vicar of All Saints', Lambeth. Contents: Preface-List of Books quoted or referred to. CHAPTER I.-Introductory: Statement of the Author's object. II. The Preface to the Ordinal of 1549. III. Form for the Ordination of Deacons, 1549. IV. Form for the Ordination of Priests, 1549. V. Form for the Consecration of Bishops, 1549. VI. The Edwardine Ordinal. VII. The Ordinal of King Edward VI.Objections. VIII. Ordinal of King Edward VI. in substantial harmony with the most ancient forms. IX. Some other ancient forms for Ordination. X. Medieval forms for Consecration and Ordination in the West. XI. The same subject continued. XII Eastern forms of Ordination. XIII. Forms of Ordination amongst the separated communities of the East Christians of St. Thomas. XIV. The Nestorians. XV. Archbishop Matthew Parker. XVI. The Consecration of William Barlow. VII. The Consecrations of Hodgkins, Scory and Coverdale. XVIII. The Consecration of Archbishop Parker. XIX. The Nag's Head Fable. XX. The Case of Bishop Bonner versus Bishop Horne. XXI. The Sacrament of Baptism. XXII. The Office of Consecrator and Assistant-Consecrator. XXIII. The Doctrine of Intention. XXIV. and XXV. Roman Catholic Testimonies to the Validity of Anglican Orders. XXVI. The Cases of Certain Anglican Clergy who have joined the Church of Rome. XXVII. Changes made in the English Ordinal in 1662. XXVIII. Concluding Remarks and Summary of the Author's argument. ADDITIONAL NOTES.

Tables of Consecration: I. Archbishop Parker.
II. Archbishop Laud. III. Archbishop Juxon.
APPENDICES.-I. Authoritative statements regarding
Ordination officially published in 1537 and 1543.
II. An Act concerning the Consecration of a Bishop
made in 25th year of Henry VIII. Cap. xx. sec. 5.
III. Statutes relating to the Consecration of Bishops
under Edward VI.

IV. Act 3 Edward VI. to draw up a New Ordinal.
V. Act to annex the Ordinal to the Prayer Book.
VI. Act 1 of Mary to repeal the preceding Acts.
VII. Act 1 of Elizabeth to re-establish the Book of
Common Prayer.

VIII. Act declaring the legality of the Ordinations.
XI. The Thirty-Nine Articles on Ordination.

X. Documents relating to the Consecration of Barlow
and Hodgkins.

XI. Documents relating to Scory and Coverdale.
XII. Documents relating to the Consecration of
Parker.

XIII. Parker's Book, De Antiquitate Britannica
Ecclesiæ.

XIV. Henry Machyn's Diary, with testimonies regard
ing the same.

XV. Breve of Pope Julius III. to Cardinal Pole.
XVI. Dr. Lingard on Parker s Consecration.
XVII. Documents relating to the Consecration of
Horn

XVIII. The Nonjuring Consecrations. Bishop Hickes,
Records.

XIX. Documents concerning the Case of Bishop
Gordon of Galloway.

XX. Dr. Newman's Letters on Anglican Orders and
replies to the same.

XXI. Certain Comments on Roman Catholic state-
ments. The Charges of Forgery.

XXII. Letters of Orders of various Communions.
General Index.

London: J. T. HAYES, Lyall-place, Eaton-square. Dedicated to His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London, and the Rev. B. Morgan Cowie, B.D., Vicar and Rector.

ME

In hoc signo vinces.

EMORIALS OF S. LAWRENCE JEWRY: being some Account of the Church of S. Lawrence Jewry from the Earliest Time; together with a Table of the Charities of the United Parishes of S. Lawrence Jewry and S. Mary Magdalen, Milk-street, compiled by THOMAS BREWER, Esq. (inserted by permission); and a Full Account of the Services held in the Church from the time of the celebrated Mission Services, in September, 1867, until the end of the year 1869; and many Articles and Letters from the Newspapers upon the works of the Church. By ROBERT ALDERSON TURNER, Precentor.

Will shortly be published "privately," about 400 pp. cloth lettered, 58. (including postage), to subscribers only.

Post-office orders should be made payable to Robert Alderson Turner, at the Lombard-street Office, E.C. All communications addressed to R. A. Turner, Esq., 9, Essex-villas, East Down-park, Lee, S.E.

JOSEPH'S COLLEGE FUND.

This Fund has been started for the purpose of purchasing a piece of freehold land, and establishing thereon & College for the male Members of the Society of St. Joseph. The property will be vested in Trustees for the use of the Society for ever. The following are some of the intended operations when the College shall have been completed:

1. The conduct of Community Life on the "Religious" system, bound by the fixed Constitution and laws of the Society of St. Joseph (founded 1864).

2. Training Members for Mission Work, with a view to their being lent out to Parish Priests as required. 3. Preparing for Matriculation in the cheap Theological Courses, with a view to their Ordination, those inmates and externs who would be otherwise unable to obtain the necessary preliminary education. In consideration of this, all persons so studying, whether inmates or externs, will be expected to contribute certain fixed sums towards the general expenses; unless, in cases of extreme poverty, the finances of the College shall be in a condition to admit of their being dispensed from such payment.

PATRONS.

The Rev. the Lord F. G. GODOLPHIN OSBORNE, Elm
Rectory, Froome.

Sir CHARLES L. YOUNG, Bart., 80, Inverness-terrace, W.
The Very Rev. E. B. KNOTTESFORD-FORTESCUE, M.A.,
Provost of St. Ninian's, Perth, President A.P.U.C.
The Rev. W. W. MALET, Vicar of Ardeley, Herts.
The Rev. G. NUGEE, M.A., Rector of Widley, Vicar of
Wymering, Hants.

The Rev. CHARLES G. C. DUNBAR, of Northfield, M.A.,
All Saints', Lambeth, S.
DANIEL RADFORD, Esq., Brixton.
W. CLARK-RUSSELL, Esq., Sydenham.

The rest of the Patrons are included in the
COMMITTEE.

The Rev. F. G. LEE, D.C.L., F.S.A., Vicar of All Saints',
Lambeth, S.; Domestic Chaplain to the Earl of
Morton.

The Rev. J. EDWARDS, M.A., Vicar of Prestbury,
Gloucestershire.

The Rev. T. J. BALL, M.A., The Cove, Aberdeen.
The Rev. E. H. FLYNN, M.A., St. Chad's, Haggerstone,

N.E.

The Rev. S. C. SCHOLEFIELD, M.A., Chard, Somerset. G. J. MURRAY, Esq., Treasurer A.P.U.C., Purbrook House, Cosham, Hants.

CHAS. H. E. CARMICHAEL, Esq., M.A., Gen. Sec. A.P.U.C.

CHARLES WALKER, Esq., Author of "The Ritual Reason Why," &c., 69, London-road, Brighton.

J. P. TAYLOR, Esq., A.K.C., 17, Regent's-park-terrace, Gloucester-gate, N.W.

E. J. ARMYTAGE, Esq. (late 39th Regiment), 2, Cumberland-villas, Lavender hill, S.

E. S. N. KEMP, Esq., D.L., The Mission, Chiswick.
E. CHRISTY, Esq., Coombe Bank, Kingston-on-Thames,
S.W.

W. CARR, Esq., the High-street, Stoke Newington, N.
C. E. MINNS, Esq., the High-street, Stoke Newington, N.

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DONATIONS.

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C. H. E. Carmichael, Esq....
Percy Arden, Esq.
The Rev. the Lord F. G. Godolphin Osborne
Subscriptions and Donations will be thankfully
received by the Hon. Treasurer, care of Mr. Hayes,
Lyall-place, Eaton-square, S.W.; at the Offices of the
Church Times (82, Little Queen-street, Lincoln's-inn-
flelds, W.C.), the Church Review (13, Burleigh-street,
Strand, W.C.), and the Church Herald (198, High
Holborn, W.C.) Cheques should be crossed "London
and South Western Bank, Holloway Branch."

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A MONTHLY MAGAZINE AND REVIEW. The British Churchman, so long known as connected with the Church Press Company, has now passed into the hands of Messrs. BRACE, BRACE & CO., publishers of the Church Chronicle. It is hoped that by the importation of fresh life and more varied readings into its pages, not only to make it more acceptable to former subscribers, but also to enlarge the sphere of its circulation and usefulness. To this end the Editor will be glad to receive contributions and suggestions, which in every case will have due consideration.

All Letters and Books for Review should be addressed to the EDITOR; all Subscriptions and Orders, and orders for Copies, to Messrs. BRACE, BRACE & Co., at the Office, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. Subscriptions Three Shillings per annum, by Post Four Shillings, payable in advance.

Now ready, Second Edition, 3s. 6d., post free,

ORGAN HARMONIES for the GRE

GORIAN PSALM TONES. By ARTHUR H. BROWN, of Brentwood. Contains eight different Harmonies for each tone and each ending, amounting in all to nearly five hundred.

London: THOMAS BOSWORTH, 198, High Holborn

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HE PARABLES OF CHRIST considered with reference to their Moral and Prophetical Meaning. By HENRY W. I. THIERSCH, D.D., late Professor of Divinity in the University of Marburgh.

"This is a very useful and good guide towards the understanding of the twenty-two Parables which were spoken by our Blessed Lord. To those Priests who want to get at the main drift and burden of one of these discourses-either for a Sermon or a Bible Class-in a few minutes this little book will prove itself to be an invaluable boon. The salient points of each Parable are seized upon at once, and the commentary seldom extends over more than five or six pages. The reader is not burdened with useless matter, and what there is, is very much to the point. There is nothing either verbose or high-flown in the treatise; its very earnest simplicity must commend it to any houghtful mind." Church Review.

London: THOMAS BOSWORTH, 198, High Holborn. Removed from Regent-street.

This day, 16mo., cloth, gilt edges, 2s.; or free by post, 28. 2d.,

PUZZLE-MONKEYS: Acrostics in

Prose and Verse. By E. L. F. H. London: THOMAS BOSWORTH, 198, High Holborn

THE

HE FREE CHURCH SOCIETY'S PENNY MONTHLY MAGAZINE (Parker, 377, Strand): Record of Offertory and Anti-pew Movement National Association for Freedom of Worship. Offices, 16, Northumberland Street, W.C., and Manchester.

TONY STRATFORD.-ST. PAUL'S

STONY

SCHOOL

Visitor.-The LORD BISHOP of OXFORD.
Warden.-Rev. W. T. SANKEY, Vicar.

A PREPARATORY SCHOOL to the above will be opened in JANUARY Next. Applications at present to be made to the Warden or Secretary of St. Paul's School, Stony Stratford.

W H. BAILEY & SON, W.

418, OXFORD STREET, LONDON,

Beg to recommend their ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE CAPS, &c., they are made of the best material, and warranted to wash.

Inventors of the IMPERCEPTIBLE TRUSS. Belts for the Support of the Back &c., &c.

ALMON, ODY, AND

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The

Church Herald.

No. 27. Vol. I.

REGISTERED FOR TRANSMISSION

COMPROMISES.

ABROAD.

WEDNESDAY, April 20, 1870.

CHURCHMEN are soldiers by profession, and they are pledged to fight manfully under the banner of the cross. In ordinary warfare, the soldier who flinches from his duty, plays into the hands of the enemy, or in any way compromises his party, is either a coward or a traitor, and very properly had in universal detestation. Similar failings, when they occur in the Church Militant, are treated as trivial offences, amiable weaknesses, perhaps rather to be commended than otherwise. For no sooner is any attack made upon the Church than some one is immediately ready to meet it-not manfully as in duty bound, but by base capitulation, or a compromise as it is called, in which it is proposed that the Church shall give everything, and receive nothing in return. The motive for this kind of pusillanimity is frequently nothing more than a desire to purchase peace at any price. English Churchmen are the most tolerant body of men under the sun; but surely they ought to be able to stand their ground and fight when necessary, for their rights, their liberties, and their dearest possessions to hold our own is not interfering with the freedom of others. Some of the Clergy, however, do not set a very good example. They are eager to rush into print, and inundate the papers, the Guardian especially, with their miserable counsels of expediency and cowardly compromises: in their lucubrations we may find the readiest way of giving up everything.

Take the Athanasian Creed, for instance. Dissenters have been railing against it as long as they have been Dissenters; why or wherefore it is not easy to see. In their meetinghouses they can be damnatory enough, and might as well let alone what they neither wish to believe nor understand. At any rate, what they think of the Athanasian Creed need not concern us very much. But, unfortunately, some Churchmen have scented a grievance, and have discovered all at once that there is here an opportunity for a compromise. One proposes to leave out what he calls the damnatory clauses, so that, though it is necessary to believe, no harm would come from not believing. Another would be content if shall in the Rubric were changed into may, in order that those persons who still think that the belief in the Doctrine of the Holy Trinity is necessary to salvation, may be permitted to hold it. Others would alter according to fancy, seemingly for the mere love of change. Have these compromisers considered what they would do with the clause-" It is necessary to salvation that he also believe rightly the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ?" A compromise will scarcely be complete while this necessity is insisted upon. Now, seriously, those who would conciliate Dissenters by cutting down the Church to their shallowness, should remember that Dissenters who are converted to the Truth and become Churchmen, as a rule join themselves to the highest extreme.

No sooner is a mongrel Education Bill brought forward, than "compromise," "compromise," is in almost everybody's mouth. Our schools which we have built at a cost of twentyone millions, and on which we spend half a million of money yearly, are, as education rates progress and school subscrip

Price 1d.

tions fall off, to be thrown one after another into the schoolboard hodge-podge, and we, forsooth, are to compromise the State's broken faith, wrong, and robbery, if only we may have the chance of being permitted, as strangers in our own schools, to teach at some odd hours that, for the very purpose of teaching which these schools were erected, and but for which they would never have been called into existence at all. Are we going to make old Shylock's words our own-"For sufferance is the badge of all our tribe?" And yet it looks very like it, when there are Churchmen who, instead of resisting what is false in principle and impossible in practice, are disposed to give way without an effort, and basely to yield on compromise. Then, Sir Morton Peto's Burial Bill which was buried some years ago, has been disinterred and furbished up for the Reformed Parliament. Certainly, no more daring attack upon the Church has been made in modern times, and yet there is not the same determination to defeat the measure as there was before; in fact, a compromise has already been talked of. Now, let it be clearly understood that a compromise is no defence, not even a temporary protection; it keeps out no enemy, but is, in fact, the traitor key that opens the gate and lays bare the citadel. There is nothing to be gained by a compromise, but there may be much to lose. Pontius Pilate affords a notorious instance of the failure of an attempted compromise. When affairs are inextricably bad, as in the case of the insolvent debtor, a compromise is a last only resource, but the debtor does not go forth free till he has given up his all. We, thank heaven, want no compromise with the world; conscious of the integrity of our position, we believe that it is the duty of Churchmen to stand fast without fear of the consequences, and not to give way one iota. If we are beaten down, crushed, and trampled upon, let us at least feel that it was not our feebleness or vacillation that gave boldness to the enemy. And after all, firmness is much more likely to enlist public opinion on our side, if that is what we care for, than an imbecile surrender. If we give way before we are beaten, what can the world think but that we do not in our heart of hearts attach the high importance we profess to the matters which are in dispute.

SERVICES AND CHURCH.-CHURCH MUSIC.

(COMMUNICATED).

THERE are three subjects which crop up now and again in the columns of Church papers. 1. Fasting Communion. 2. The right of all the baptised to hear Mass. 3. Church Music.-i.c., Is plain chant, or florid music the music to be used in our Churches? On the first we need only remark that the Universal Church has long ago made Fasting Communion her rule: on the second, that the Universal Church commands all Christians to hear Mass on Sundays and Days of obligation: while on the third we propose to say a few words apropos of the Gregorian Controversy which seems to be the most interminable of the three.

There can be no doubt, we think, that the music of the Church is what is called Gregorian. By this is not only

meant the eight tones, but the Masses in the various modes, the music of introits, graduals, antiphons, hymns and the like. Other music may be, and often is, very beautiful, but is not Ecclesiastical, not the music of the Church. We do not say other music is not to be used, far from it, for did we say so, we should be condemning the practice of the Catholic Church, which allows and tolerates other music, though she still claims the plain-chant as her own. The fact is, there is room for both kinds of music in our Services, and until we are otherwise instructed by authority both kinds had best be used. Besides, different Services require different kinds of music. Let us take, for example, the case of a large, well-ordered London Church as it should be. Low Masses will go on on Sundays every hour, at least, from six to ten a.m. The Masses at nine or ten o'clock may be for children, and the children may sing hymns throughout; here, then, a lighter style of music may be used, severe Gregorian hymntunes would be manifestly out of place. Dr. Littledale's "Children's Bread" forms a very good book for this purpose, and the hymns should be sung to melodies which are easily caught, without being too florid or vulgar, and should be learnt by heart by the children. Whether there should be an accompaniment or not is a question which we leave others to answer. We make no provision for Morning Prayers, because they had better be read as quietly as possible, if read at all in Church, for the present unwarranted use of Morning Prayer (Matins at ten or eleven a.m. !) has done more than anything else to keep the Blessed Sacrament in the background. Then will come the Solemn Mass of the day. We think that the music for this should be Gregorian; although, perhaps, a lighter style may be well introduced at the offertory, in the shape of a hymn or mottet. John Merbecke should not be always used, as choirs and congregations get tired of him, and there are many other Gregorian Masses which may be sung. There is a most touching and beautiful O Salutaris in Mr. Gerard Cobb's Mass, which we recommend to our readers' notice. Care should be taken not to prolong the Service by too much music, as, for a solemn Mass with Sermon, an hour-anda-half is ample time.

In the afternoon the children's Service (with Catechism) should be sung to cheerful hymn-tunes, with strongly marked time, and metrical Litanies may well be sung here: severe music will again be unadvisable at such a Service. Evensong will be sung in the afternoon or evening. Why this Office should be repeated twice in some Churches we are at a loss to understand: it is not a Service of obligation for lay persons, and those of the Clergy who cannot assist at its performance in Church can surely say it privately at their convenience.

The Psalms must be sung to the ancient tones; we lay this down as a rule, to which no exception should be made. It is not at all necessary that they should be sung in unison throughout; the verses alternately harmonized and in unison will be found a very pleasing change and a great relief to the grinding unisonous noise which obtains in some Churches. This also may be the rule for the Canticles, which we think should be sung to Gregorian music also, although a florid Magnificat is not an unheard-of thing nor altogether out of place on high days. The Vesper Hymn will of course be sung to its proper melody, from the Sarum or Roman Vesperals. Other hymns out of the Vesper Office may be sung to any hymn tune, before and after the Sermon or as processionals.

If Evensong is sung in the afternoon, which for many reasons is a very good arrangement, a more free-and-easy Mission-like Service may take place in the evening. Such a Service has recently been started at St. Paul's, Wilton-place, but we were surprised to see that the music for this "popular Service was to be exclusively Gregorian. We think this a mistake, for a Service, not Mass or Office, is just the time when other music may very well be sung and un-Ecclesiastical

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tastes harmlessly gratified. It will be seen that we have no sympathy with those who condemn the Ecclesiastical Chant as rude or barbarous : even were it rude and barbarous it is the music of the Church, and that should be enough for the Church's children. Indeed, if a person sees no beauty in the plain-chant we must say that he is very likely not of a religious (certainly not of an Ecclesiastical) turn of mind. The effeminate jingling of Anglican chants, and the noisy concert-room Mass music which may be heard in some organ galleries, ought not to be mentioned in the same breath with the unearthly everlasting music of the Catholic Church. Yet, at the same time, as the Church tolerates all manner of bad taste, the less Ecclesiastical music may be introduced at the more popular and devotional* (we use the word in the technical sense) Services.

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One question remains to be discussed, that is, the vexed one of the "joining in" of the congregation. Now this "joining in " has become a serious nuisance in the revived worship of the Church of England. Everyone thinks he or she must "join in" whether they know the music or not, and whether they can sing or not. Thus, as a writer in the Church Times lately remarked, we hear the congregation at St. Alban's "making shots at the music of the Missa Regia or Missa in Duplicibus. This is not edifying. Even at a Low Mass the noise made by certain pious persons is enough to give their neighbours a violent headache. This is partly due to the unfortunate heresy widely spread among Ritualists that everything in Church must be loudly into ed, whether the Service be solemnly sung or not. At Low Mass the Priest may remember what the Curé of Ars said that in praying we address God who can hear, in preaching we address men who may be deaf or refuse to hear. If people must "join in audibly they may at least remember that the Mass is not a congregational Service of responses between Priest and people, but an act of Sacrifice offered to God in which words are necessary as means not as ends.

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At Vespers, Compline, Benediction, and other Services, ample room is given for congregational singing. All may join in the psalms and canticles, and nothing is more beautiful than the plaintive O Salutaris, with the Litanies and Tantum ergo beautifully sung by a large mass of people kneeling before the Blessed Sacrament. Hymns, too, at other Services, may be sung by choir and people, but just as music may be overdone (we hear singing sometimes in a little " "Ritualistic" village Church, which in quantity if not quality would be enough for a grand function properly performed in a Cathedral on Corpus Domini), so the congregational element may be overdone too; and the writer feels inclined to agree with Canon Oakley, no mean authority on this subject, where he I think that the Mass is most properly regarded as says,an act in which the people are to share, in the way of attention and meditation, rather than of direct and personal participation. . . . At any rate, persons may join in the singing at Mass, or say the responses at a plain Service in such a way as not to disturb those near them who may desire to pray or meditate in peace. We think, then, that these controversies on Gregorians v. Anglicans may well cease, as there is plenty of available opportunity in the Services of the Church for Ecclesiastical and other music. Those who like the music of the Church can have it, at Solemn Mass and Vespers, and the lighter styles may be enjoyed at other Services. Those who cannot endure the Plain Chant should content themselves with a Low or a Children's Mass, and with the unliturgical Services in which non-Gregorian music may bear its part. But habit is second nature, and all devout Catholics should try and accustom themselves to the music which the Church has sanctioned by her imprimatur, and hallowed by the unchanging use of centuries: rough and rugged as Gregorian

* By Devotional Services we mean the "Three Hours," the "Stations of the Cross," Offices of Confraternities, Bible Classes, and the like.

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