complete bibliography, I shall give a chronological list of these volumes, leaving aside his verse and those short stories that have not been republished in book form:

"Literary Love-letters" (stories), 1897; "The Man Who Wins" (novel), 1897; "Love's Dilemma" (stories), 1898; "The Gospel of Freedom" (novel), 1898; "The Web of Life" (novel), 1900; "Jock o' Dreams, or the Real World" (novel), 1901; "Their Child" (novelette) 1903; "The Common Lot (novel) 1904; "The Memoirs of an American Citizen" (novel), 1995; "Together" (novel), 1908; "The Master of the Inn" (story), 1908; "A Life for a Life" (novel), 1910.1

Beginning with "The Gospel of Freedom," each one of his novels would richly deserve a detailed analysis such as cannot come in question here. I have already referred to the dominant note of "nationalism," as opposed to our all too frequent and often all too futile "localism," that runs through them all. Another note not less prevalent may be described as "social" and juxtaposed to that overweening demand for individual expression which ran rampant through most of the literature rooting in the past century. This is the more surprising as Professor

There is here also a distinct touch of mysticism that stands in sharp contrast with the realistic means generally employed by the author. And as we go on from novel to novel, we find this element more and more tangible, though never permitted to intrude itself to an extent that might obscure the everyday clearness of events and characters. Even Van Harrington, the man who began his career in the prisoner's pen of a Chicago police

court and whom we are permitted to follow to the very doors of the United States Senate, writes of his own experience: "All my life has been given to practical facts, yet I know that at the end of all things there are no facts." In "A Life for a Life," at last, this suggestion of vague, deep-lying realities, too subtle for clear formulation, swells into orchestral power, so that the whole work is colored by it and becomes intelligible only in so far as our own souls are open to its appeal. This latest novel of Professor Herrick's has left the naturalistic starting point and stands squarely on that advanced ground which has been cleared by such men as Ibsen, Maeterlinck and the Russian writers of the last fifty years. It is an immense allegory, but not of the kind that Bunyan gave us. Rather there is a kinship with that Greek sculpture which distilled the all-human out of the fleeting humanity of the moment. Yet this art, which makes so strongly for the typical, is impressionistic at the same time, abandoning no whit of what the nineteenth century gained along these lines and insisting sharply on the uniqueness of the individual moment. It is in this combination of apparently opposed qualities that I seek the determining characteristic of the poetry that is to come, and it is because I discover just that combination in Herrick's later work that I expect him to give us what we have not yet-an American "Comédie Humaine."

Herrick himself seems at heart to be strongly individualistic both in his sympathies and his proclivities. Nothing but true insight can account for this conquest of innate tendencies-an insight that finds one of its most striking formulations in a sentence from "The Web of Life," where Herrick says that: "In striving restlessly to get plunder and power and joy, men weave the mysterious web of life for ends no human mind can know."

The first two volumes were published by Scribner's, the third by Herbert S. Stone & Co. (Chicago) and all the rest by the Macmillan Company.

BIOGRAPHY

has been said that one of the ironies of the history of philosophy is the fact that Friedrich Nietzsche, the "high poet and calamitous philosopher," must be judged "in the serene atmosphere of history which he infinitely despised." A clear, impartial study of the life of Nietzsche, which appeared some years ago from the pen of the Frenchman, Daniel Halévy, has now been translated into English. In this volume we get not only the philosopher but the man, a sort of personal acquaintance with that extraordinary being who died comparatively unknown only a decade ago and yet who has, in that short time, become (as he himself predicted) one of the great European reputations of the nineteenth century. The present volume (translated by J. M. Hone) has an appreciative introduction by T. M. Kettle.

A new life of Oliver Goldsmith, by Frank Frankfort Moore, has for an introduction the happily phrased remarks of Boswell, Dr. Johnson's biog, rapher, on the author of "The Deserted Village." Boswell, it will be remembered, called Goldsmith "the Benjamin of the large family of eighteenth century poets, of whom Dryden was the Jacob and Pope the Judah." All Englishmen, to quote further from Boswell's words written at the time, "venerate Dryden, admire Pope, esteem Young, quote Gray, neglect Thomson, ignore Johnson, tolerate Cowper, and love Goldsmith." The literature of Goldsmithiana is increasing every year. The present volume is ample enough in the number of pages and sufficiently full in personal description and references to make it a welcome addition to the already large list.

A very sympathetic study of the life of one of the most sympathetic characters of all French history, Lafayette, comes to us under the title "The Household of the Lafayettes," by Edith Sichel. The family of the Lafayettes, this illuminating biographer tells us, belong to the small company, so little known, of "holy-minded men and women who irradiate the last years of the old order in France." A study of the aristocratic world at Paris in the second half of the eighteenth century shows many winsome and great-souled personalities, as well as perhaps a greater number of the sordid, cruel, and corrupt kind. Miss Sichel makes the Lafayette family stand for the very best and noblest in the old régime of France, which tried "vainly to stem the tide of revolution by calling a recreant aristocracy to set its house in order."

Prison Congress, held in Washington last October. Prof. Charles Richmond Henderson, of the University of Chicago, is the responsible editor of the series. The first volume is devoted to a survey of prison reform by the editor and to an essay on Criminal Law in the United States" by President Eugene Smith of the Prison Association of New York. In the second volume "Penal and Reformatory Institutions" are considered by sixteen leading authorities. Dr. Henderson treats in the third volume of "Preventive Agencies and Methods," and a special volume on the "Preventive Treatment of Neglected Children" is contributed by Dr. Hastings H. Hart, of the Sage Foundation, assisted by various specialists who write on special topics. The extremely practical bearing of the work now being conducted by the Sage Foundation is illustrated by the attention that it has given to the new use of concrete as a building material. The frontispiece of Dr. Hart's volume is a photograph of an up-to-date children's cottage built of concrete and provided with outdoor sleeping porches.

Prof. Charles Zueblin, formerly of the University of Chicago, author of "The Religion of a Democrat," has just brought out a new volume of essays which he has entitled "Democracy and the Overman."5 In his trenchant, at times bitter, style, Professor Zueblin pays his compliments to the "overspecialized" business man, the "overestimated" Anglo-Saxon, the 'overcomplacent " American, the "overthrown superstition" of sex, the "overdue wages of the overman's wife," the "overtaxed credulity" of newspaper readers, the "overworked political platitudes," and the "overlooked charters" of cities.

Miss Emma Goldman, who has been characterized as "the most notorious, insistent, rebellious, and enigmatical person in the United States of America," has just published her first book. This volume, entitled "Anarchism and Other Essays," sets forth her point of view on anarchism in general, prisons, patriotism, puritanism, woman, marriage and love, and the drama. These essays, written in a clear, lucid, and very often fascinating style, set forth in the main the philosophy of anarchism. There is an introduction to the book, consisting of a biographical sketch of Miss Goldman, by Hippolyte Havel. Miss Goldman's point of view on the violence usually attributed to the influence of anarchistic ideas is interesting, because honest. "If you press down humanity far enough," she contends, "some one will rise up and strike." While not committing any act of violence herself, she refuses to condemn such an act. "I do not approve it or condemn it. It is like an act of nature, beyond our praise or our condemnation."

Railroad rate-making is a matter involving so many technicalities and intricacies that it can receive no adequate or satisfactory treatment except at the hands of practical railroad men. This fact has been clearly recognized by Dr. Emory R. Johnson and Dr. Grover G. Huebner, of the University of Pennsylvania, who have written Democracy and the Overman. By Charles Zueblin. New York: B. W. Huebsch. 217 pp. $1. Anarchism and Other Essays. By Emma Goldman. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association. 277 pp.. por. $1.

a two-volume work on "Railroad Traffic and Rates" for the purpose of providing railroad men and students of transportation problems with information regarding the detailed work of those who have to do with railroad traffic and rate-making. In this work the authors have utilized a great amount of information, advice, and criticism contributed by railroad men the world over. Much of the material has been obtained not from printed sources only, but through the medium of correspondence. Thus a larger proportion of the data used has never before appeared in print. The first volume deals with the freight service and the second with the passenger, express, and mail services.

In this country we have been in the habit of assuming that public ownership of telephones is virtually impossible. Whether our general policy in this regard shall ever be changed or not, it is at least important that we should know something about the experience of other countries with the telephone monopoly. Dr. A. N. Holcombe, of Harvard University, has spent two years in Europe trying to find out just how the telephone business has been managed in those countries where it is under public authority. He has written a book2 of nearly 500 pages setting forth the facts that he has discovered and attempting, in the conclusion, to interpret the significance of European experience for the American reader. Far from advocating any particular policy for adoption in the United States, Dr. Holcombe sets forth the results of European experience in public management and leaves the reader to form his own opinion of the relative value of such experience.

A striking work of social interest on the borderland between fact and fiction is the account of how one William Carleton (evidently a pen name), "a middle class New Englander, emigrated to America." "One Way Out" is the way he entitles his narrative. At thirty-eight this man lost his position in the office of a large corporation. He was then "too old" to get another. He and his wife and boy decided to do the daring, original thing of leaving their little suburban home and "emigrate" to America. How they went about this and how they succeeded are vividly and graphically told in nineteen chapters that shed considerable illumination on the present problem of the cost of living.

POLITICS

The addresses delivered by ex-President Roosevelt in August and September of last year, during a journey of over 5000 miles through fourteen States, have been collected in a little volume entitled "The New Nationalism," prefaced with an introduction by Ernest Hamlin Abbott. As the conclusion of the volume an Outlook editorial by Dr. Lyman Abbott is reprinted for the sake of providing a sort of historical summary of the subject.

Twelve lectures by Dr. Lyman Abbott on "The Spirit of Democracy" are included in the little volume bearing this title. Some of the chapter headings are Present Conditions in Industry,"

"Political Socialism," "The Tendency of Democracy," "The Home, the Church, the School," and "Who Should Govern?"

SCIENCE

The position occupied in the world of modern philosophic thought by Prof. Wilhelm Ostwald commands the respectful attention of the entire modern world of scientific and philosophic thought. Professor Ostwald, who won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1909, was professor of physical chemistry at the University of Leipsic for thirty years. He was exchange professor at Harvard in 1905. His work, "Natural Philosophy," the first to give a résumé of modern natural philosophy as opposed to the old academic systems, attempts to present a brief survey of all the sciences and to provide “a complete synthesis of the results of the specialization of the last half-century.' The translation from the German (with the author's special revision for the American edition) has been made by Thomas Seltzer.

WORKS OF REFERENCE

"The American Year Book" marks a distinct advance in the method of compiling statistical annuals. All works of this class, to have value for purposes of reference, must be made up of contributions from many sources. It is something to have the vast field of knowledge marked off and subdivided and each of the subdivisions put in the charge of a responsible specialist to whom matters in dispute may be referred. Such an arrangement has been perfected in the organization of the new "Year Book's" editorial staff, which is really a supervisory board made up of official representatives and members of thirty-two national learned and technical societies, headed by an executive committee under the chairmanship of Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart, of Harvard, while Dr. S. N. D. North, former Director of the Census, has served as managing editor. The result of this coöperation is a compact volume of 850 closely printed pages, resembling in general form and style the wellknown "Statesman's Year Book" of Great Britain, but differing from that publication in the nature and scope of its subject matter. The American annual gives a smaller proportion of space to tabulated statistics than its London contemporary, but it makes up for this deficiency (if it is a deficiency) by supplying authoritative summaries of progress in the various departments of science. The work is broader than a handbook of government and deals with more of the essential facts of ' contemporary history.

A useful reference book on the China of 1911 has been brought out by the National Review of Shanghai. It is entitled "The Provinces of China," and consists of a mass of statistical and other data about the administrative and economic condition of the Celestial Empire at the present day. The figures of population, industry, government, and general social conditions are presented in easily accessible form. The book is not sold generally but presented to the subscribers to the National Review.

The sixty-third annual issue of the English "Who's Who"-the edition for 1911-which has just made its welcome appearance, contains 2246 Natural Philosophy. By Wilhelm Ostwald. Holt. 193 pp. $1.

7 The American Year Book. Edited by S. N. D. North. D. Appleton & Co. 867 pp. $3.50. Who's Who, 1911. Macmillan Company. 2246 pp.

$2.50.