even wilfully wrong. Solid Ludlow was far off in Ireland, but gathered many details in after-years; and faithfully wrote them down, in the unappeasable indignation of his heart. Combining these three originals, we have, after various perusals and collations and considerations, obtained the following authentic, moderately conceivable account :43 'The Parliament sitting as usual, and being in debate upon the Bill with the amendments, which it was thought would have been passed that day, the Lord General Cromwell came into the House, clad in plain black clothes and gray worsted 'stockings, and sat down, as he used to do, in an ordinary 'place.' For some time he listens to this interesting debate on the Bill; beckoning once to Harrison, who came over to him, and answered dubitatingly. Whereupon the Lord General sat still, for about a quarter of an hour longer. But now the question being to be put, That this Bill do now pass, he beckons again to Harrison, says, "This is the time; I must do it!"— and so 'rose up, put off his hat, and spake. At the first, and 'for a good while, he spake to the commendation of the Parlia'ment for their pains and care of the public good; but after'wards he changed his style, told them of their injustice, delays of justice, self-interest, and other faults,'-rising higher and higher, into a very aggravated style indeed. An honourable Member, Sir Peter Wentworth by name, not known to my readers, and by me better known than trusted, rises to order, as we phrase it; says, “It is a strange language this; unusual within the walls of Parliament this! And from a trusted servant too; and one whom we have so highly honoured; and one”— "Come, come !" exclaims my Lord General in a very high key, "we have had enough of this,"—and in fact my Lord General now blazing all up into clear conflagration, exclaims, "I will put an end to your prating,'" and steps forth into the floor of the House, and 'clapping-on his hat,' and occasionally 'stamping the floor with his feet,' begins a discourse which no man can report ! He says-Heavens! he is heard saying: It is not fit that you should sit here any longer!' You have sat too long here for any good you have been doing lately. 'You shall now give place to better men!—Call them in!'" adds he briefly, to Harrison, in word of command: and 'some 43 Blencowe's Sidney Papers (London, 1825), pp. 139-41; Whitlocke, p. 525; Ludlow, ii. 456;—the last two are reprinted in Parliamentary History, xv. 128. twenty or thirty' grim musketeers enter, with bullets in their snaphances; grimly prompt for orders; and stand in some attitude of Carry-arms there. Veteran men: men of might and men of war, their faces are as the faces of lions, and their feet are swift as the roes upon the mountains;-not beautiful to honourable gentlemen at this moment! "You call yourselves a Parliament," continues my Lord General in clear blaze of conflagration : "You are no Parlia‘ment; I say you are no Parliament! Some of you are drunk'ards,' ,'" and his eye flashes on poor Mr. Chaloner, an official man of some value, addicted to the bottle; "some of you 'are and he glares into Harry Marten, and the poor Sir Peter who rose to order, lewd livers both; "living in open contempt of God's Commandments. Following your own greedy appetites, and the Devil's Commandments. Corrupt unjust persons,"" and here I think he glanced at Sir Bulstrode Whitlocke, one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal, giving him ' and others very sharp language, though he named them not :' Corrupt unjust persons; scandalous to the profession of the Gospel :' how can you be a Parliament for God's People? Depart, I say; and let us have done with you. In the name of God,―go!" The House is of course all on its feet,—uncertain almost whether not on its head: such a scene as was never seen before in any House of Commons. History reports with a shudder that my Lord General, lifting the sacred Mace itself, said, “What shall we do with this bauble? Take it away!"-and gave it to a musketeer. And now," Fetch him down!" says he to Harrison, flashing on the Speaker. Speaker Lenthall, more an ancient Roman than anything else, declares, He will not come till forced. "" Sir,” said Harrison, "I will lend you a hand ;" on which Speaker Lenthall came down, and gloomily vanished. They all vanished; flooding gloomily, clamorously out, to their ulterior businesses and respective places of abode : the Long Parliament is dissolved! “'It's you that have forced me to this,'" exclaims my Lord General: “' "I have sought the Lord night and day, that He would rather slay me than put me upon the doing of this work.'" 'At their going out, some say the Lord General said to young Sir Harry Vane, calling him 'by his name, That he might have prevented this; but that he was a juggler, and had not common honesty.' "Oh, Si: ་ ་ Harry Vane,' thou with thy subtle casuistries and abstruse hairsplittings, thou art other than a good one, I think! The Lord ' deliver me from thee, Sir Harry Vane !' 'All being gone ' out, the door of the House was locked, and the Key with the • Mace, as I heard, was carried away by Colonel Otley ;'—and it is all over, and the unspeakable Catastrophe has come, and remains. Such was the destructive wrath of my Lord General Cromwell against the Nominal Rump Parliament of England. Wrath which innumerable mortals since have accounted extremely diabolic; which some now begin to account partly divine. Divine or diabolic, it is an indisputable fact; left for the commentaries of men. The Rump Parliament has gone its ways;—and truly, except it be in their own, I know not in what eyes are tears at their departure. They went very softly, softly as a Dream, say all witnesses. "We did not hear a dog bark at their going!" asserts my Lord General elsewhere. It is said, my Lord General did not, on his entrance into the House, contemplate quite as a certainty this strong mea sure; but it came upon him like an irresistible impulse, or inspiration, as he heard their Parliamentary eloquence proceed. Perceiving the spirit of God so strong upon me, I would no longer consult flesh and blood."44 He has done it, at all events; and is responsible for the results it may have. A responsibility which he, as well as most of us, knows to be awful: but he fancies it was in answer to the English Nation, and to the Maker of the English Nation and of him; and he will do the best he may with it. ་ LETTER CLXXXVIII. We have to add here an Official Letter, of small significance in itself, but curious for its date, the Saturday after this great Transaction, and for the other indications it gives. Except the Lord General, Commander-in-Chief of all the Forces raised and to be raised,' there is for the moment no Authority very clearly on foot in England;-though Judges, and all manner of Authorities whatsoever do, after some little preliminary parley. ing, consent to go on as before. Godwin, ii. 456 (who cites Echard; not much of an authority in such matters) The Draining of the Fens had been resumed under better auspices when the War ended;45 and a new Company of Adventurers, among whom Oliver himself is one, are vigorously proceeding with a New Bedford Level,—the same that yet continues. A 'Petition' of theirs, addressed 'To the Lord General,' in these hasty hours, sets forth that upon the '20th of this instant April' (exactly while Oliver was turning out the Parliament), 'about a Hundred-and-fifty persons,' from the Towns of Swaffham and Botsham,-which Towns had petitioned about certain rights of theirs, and got clear promise of redress in fit time,—did ' tumultuously assemble,' to seek redress for themselves; did by force expel your Petitioners' workmen from ⚫ their diking and working in the said Fens ;' did tumble-in again 'the dikes by them made;' and in fine did peremptorily signify that if they or any other came again to dike in these Fens, it would be worse for them. 'The evil effects of which'-are very apparent indeed. Whereupon this Official Letter, or Warrant; written doubtless in the press of much other business. ་ 'To Mr. Parker, Agent for the Company of Adventurers for Draining the Great Level of the Fens! MR. PARKER, 'Whitehall,' 23d April 1653. I hear some unruly persons have lately committed great outrages in Cambridgeshire, about Swaffham and Botsham, in throwing-down the works making by the Adventurers, and menacing those they employ thereabout. Wherefore I desire you to send one of my Troops, with a Captain, who may by all means persuade the people to quiet, by letting them know, They must not riotously do anything, for that must not be suffered: but that' if there be any wrong done by the Adventurers,-upon complaint, such course shall be taken as appertains to justice, and right will be done. I rest, your loving friend, OLIVER CROMWELL.* 45 Act for that object (Scobell, ii. 33), 29th May 1649. *From the Records of the Fen Office, in Sergeants' Inn, London; communicated, with other Papers relating thereto, by Samuel Wells, Esq. The Declaration of the Lord General and his Council of Officers, 46 which came out on the Friday following the grand Catastrophe, does not seem to be of Oliver's composition: it is a Narrative of calm pious tone, of considerable length; promises, as a second Declaration still more explicitly does,47 a Real Assembly of the Puritan Notables;—and, on the whole, can be imagined by the reader; nay we shall hear the entire substance of it from Oliver's own mouth, before long. These Declarations and other details we omit. Conceive that all manner of Authorities, with or without some little preambling, agree to go on as heretofore; that adherences arrive from LandGenerals and Sea-Generals by return of post; that the old Council of State having vanished with its Mother, a new Interim Council of State, with Oliver Cromwell, Captain General,' at the head of it, answers equally well; in a word, that all people are looking eagerly forward to those same Known Persons, Men fearing God, and of approved Integrity,' who are now to be got together from all quarters of England, to say what shall be done with this Commonwealth,-whom there is now no Fag-end of a corrupt Parliament to prevent just men from choosing with their best ability. Conceive all this; and read the following Το SUMMONS. FORASMUCH as, upon the dissolution of the late Parliament, it became necessary that the peace, safety and good government of this Commonwealth should be provided for: And in order thereunto, divers Persons fearing God, and of approved Fidelity and Honesty, are, by myself with the advice of my Council of Officers, nominated; to whom the great charge and trust of so weighty affairs is to be committed: And having good assurance of your love to, and courage for, God and the interest of His Cause, and ‘thať of the good People of this Commonwealth : I, Oliver Cromwell, Captain General and Commander-in- |