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LANDON :

BRADBURY, AGNEW, & co., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.

CONTENTS.

BOOK IV.

THE MACEDONIAN EMPIRE AND RISE OF THE HELLENISTIC

KINGDOMS.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF PAILIP TO THE ACCESSION OF ANTIOCHUS SOTER.

B.C. 359 TO B.C. 280.

CHAPTER XV.

PAGE

.

PAILIP OF MACEDON.-B.O. 359 TO B.C. 336.

Accession of Philip–His first successes - The Macedonian monarchy-Education

and character of Philip-His relations to Athens-Capture of Amphipolis

and Pydna - The Social War-The Sacred War-The Amphictyons-Philip

in Thessaly–Stopped at Thermopylæ by the Athenians-Sparta and Megalo-

polis—Demosthenes — The First Philippic-Peace party at Athens-Phocion

--The Olynthian war-Æschines—Peace between Athens and Philip-End of

the Sacred War-Demosthenes and Isocrates on the Peace-Progress of

Philip-New war with Athens-Philip in Scythia—The Locrian War-

Philip general of the Amphictyons-Capture of Elatea - Alliance of Thebes

and Athens-Battle of Chæronea-Death of Isocrates-Demosthenes “on

the Crown"-Philip general of the Greeks for the Persian War-Death of

Philip

1-31

CHAPTER XVI.

THE CONQUESTS OF ALEXANDER.-B.C. 336 TO B.O. 323.

Accession of Alexander-His character and education His early public life-

Quarrel with his father, and outward reconciliation-State of Greece at his

accession-Second congress of Corinth-Alexander and Diogenes-Cam-

paigns in Illyria and Thrace-Revolt of Thebes and Athens- Destruction

of Thebes-- Submission of Athens-State of the Persian empire : rebellions

and dissolution - Greek mercenaries--Bagoas, Mentor, and Memnon-Re-

conquest of Cyprus, Phænicia, and Egypt-Accession of Darius Codomannus

-Events preceding the invasion State of feeling in Greece--Policy of De.

mosthenes — True view of Alexander's conquest-- Constitution of the Mace-

donian army-Antipater left as regent of Macedonia-Small force of Alexander

-His departure fromı Pella, and rendezvous at Sestos—Alexander at Troy-

Battle of the Granicus—Conquest of Asia Minor-Siege of Halicarnassus-

Death of Memnon—The Gordian knot-Battle of Issus—Capture of Tyre

and Gaza-Conquest of Egypt–Visit to the oracle of Ammon-Foundation

of Alexandria-Alexander passes the Euphrates, Battle of Arbela—Alex.

ander at Persepolis–Death of Darius–March into Hyrcania, Drangiana,

and Bactria-Death of Philotas-Alexander crosses the Paropamisus and

Oxus-Reaches the Jaxartes-Conquers Sogdiana–Murder of Clitus-

Marries Roxana, Death of Calisthenes--Invasion of India-Defeat of Porus

-Alexander is compelled to turn back from the Hyphasis–Voyage down

the Hydaspes and Indus— Voyage of Nearchus to the Persian Gulf-March

through the Desert of Gedrosia-Return to Susa - Alexander marries the

daughter of Darius-Other intermarriages with Persians—Mutiny of the

army--Death of Hephæstion -- Alexander at Babylon - His vast schemes--

His death

32-81

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VOL. II.

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105952

CHAPTER XVII.

PAGE

DIVISION OF ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. FROM THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER

TO THE ACCESSION OF ANTIOCHUS SOTER.-B.C. 322 TO B.C. 280.

Settlement of the kingdom on Philip Aridæus-Perdiccas regent-Division of

the provinces—The Diadochi- Funeral of Alexander-Birth of Alexander

Ægus—The Lamian war-Perdiccas and Eumenes, Antipater and Olympias

- Death of Perdiccas-New partition of the Provinces – War of Eumenes

with Antigonus-Death of Eumenes-Murder of Philip Aridæus – Cassander

master of Greece, Antigonus of Asia-Coalition against Antigonus- Deme.

trius Poliorcetes— Battle of Gaza-General pacification-Murder of Alexan-

der Ægus-Renewal of the war- - Ptolemy in Greece-Battle of Salamis in

Cyprus- The generals become kings-Siege of Rhodes-Demetrius in Greece

-Successes of Seleucus Nicator--New coalition again Antigonus - Battle of

Ipsus—The Hellenistic kingdoms-Syria—Egypt-Pergamus---Bactria 82-92

CHAPTER XVIII.

LAST YEARS OF LIBERTY IN GREECE. FROM THE EXPEDITION OF ALEXANDER

TO THE RISE OF THE ACHÆAN LEAGUE.-B.C. 334 TO B.C. 280.

Condition of Greece at Alexander's departure--Athens and Sparta – Movements

of Agis-His defeat and death-Æschines and Demosthenes, Affair of Har-

palus – Exile of Demosthenes-Alexander's edict for restoring the exiles

- Effect of Alexander's death-The Lamian war- – Victory of Antipater-

Deaths of Hyperides, Demosthenes, and Demades-Polysperchon-Pro-

clamation of Greek liberty-Death of Phocion-Cassander master of Athens

- Demetrius the Phalerean-Cassander in Peloponnesus-Fortification of

Sparta--Affairs of Macedonia--- Restoration of Thebes-Successes of Anti-

gonus in Greece-General pacification - Cassander master of Macedonia and

Greece-Demetrius Poliorcetes at Athens-His second visit-Successful

war with Cassander --Recal to Asia, and return to Greece-Repulse from

Athens - Death of Cassander-Philip III., Antipater, and Alexander-

Demetrius Poliorcetes takes Athens-King of Macedonia-His wars in

Greece-With Pyrrhus and Lysimachus-His flight to Asia, imprisonment

and death-Expulsion of Pyrrhus by Lysimachus-Anarchy in Macedonia-

Antigonus Gonatas and his dynasty-Death of Lysimachus-Pyrrhus in

Italy-Irruption of the Gauls-Rise of the Ætolian and Achæan leagues —

Connection of Greece with the West—Sicilian and Italian Greeks- Aga-

thocles—Literature and art during the Macedonian period-Schools of

philosophy.

93-128

BOOK V.

ITALY AND THE RISE OF THE ROMAN STATE.

FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS TO THE SUBJUGATION OF ITALY BY ROME,

IN B.C. 264.

CHAPTER XIX.

ITALY AND ITS PRIMITIVE POPULATIONS.
Rome and her cmpire-Its relation to Italy-Description of the Peninsula—The

Alps and Apennines - Comparison with Greece-Natural unity of Italy-Its
primitive inhabitants-Its three chief stocks--The lapygian race-The
Italian race-Its two divisions, Latin and Sabellian-The Etruscans—Their
country- Their origin—Tyrrhenians and Rasenna—The Etruscan language
-Their early power by land and sea-Relations to Greece and Carthage-

Their decline and conquest by the Romans-The Etruscan confederacy-

Their religious institutions, Etruscan art and science - Architecture-

Sepulchres—Statuary and metal-work—Paintings—Domestic life-Science,

borrowed by the Romans

129-149

CHAPTER XX.

ROME UNDER THE KINGS.

The Campagna and surrounding hills—The Tiber : its course and character-

The site of Rome-Its primeval aspect-Description of its Seven Hills-

Mythical character of the early Roman history—Evander-Æneas—Asca-

nius and the Alban kings-Legend of Romulus and Remus-Romans and

Sabines-Institutions and conquests ascribed to Romulus-His death and

apotheosis - Roman chronology-Era of the foundation of Rome-Interreg.

num-Legend of Numa Pompilius—His religious and social institutions-

The Roman calendar-The subsequent kings of Rome-Discussion of the

legends-Latin origin of Rome, Early settlements on the Seven Hills – The

city of the Rainnes on the Palatine-Two principal theories of its origin-

First, as a robber colony of Alba, extended by war, conquered and remodel.

led by the Sabines-Character and institutions of this people. The settle.

ment on the Quirinal, and union with the Ramnians—The second theory of

a natural growth from Latin settlements on the Seven Hills-Rome viewed

as the emporium of Latium-Extent of the primitive city - The original

Septimontium-Amalgamation with the city on the Quirinal – Tullus Hos-

tilius-Legend of the Horatii and Curiatii, and of the conquest of Alba

- Etruscan and Sabine wars-Ancus Marcius-His conquests in Latium and

along the Tiber-His works at Rome-Origin of the Plebs—The Etruscan

dynasty-Tarquinius Priscus - His institutions, wars, and public works-

Servius Tullius – His new constitution—The walls of Rome- Alliance with

the Latins—Legend of his death-Tarquinius Superbus-His foreign al-

liances and wars—The Sibyl-Taking of Gabii- I.. Junius Brutus—The

legend of Lucretia-Expulsion of the Tarquins-Review of Regal Rome 150-216

CHAPTER XXI.

The PATRICIAN REPUBLIC. FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE TARQUINS TO

THE TAKING OF ROME BY THE GAULS.-B.O. 509 TO B.C. 390.

Beginning of the Republic-Institution of the Consulate-Brutus and Collatinus

consuls -- Retirement of Collatinus-Conspiracy for the Tarquins-Brutus

and his sons - Death of Brutus–Valerius Poplicola – Right of appeal

Treaty with Carthage-Dedication of the Capitol - Legend of Lars Porsenna

--Battle of the Lake Regillus- Sabine War-Immigration of the Claudii-

End of the mythical period of Roman history- Real state of. Rome-Con-

quest by Porsenna-Repulse of the Etruscans --Independence of Latium-
Institution of the Dictatorship-The Senate-Rise of a new nobility — The

constitution aristocratic-Position of the Plebeians-Distress of the small

landholders-Consulship of Claudius and Servilius–M. Valerius dictator-

Secession to the Sacred Mount-Tribunes of the Plebs and Plebeian Ædiles

- Colony sent to Velitræ—Continued dissensions-Legend of Coriolanus –

Spurius Cassius— Treaties with the Latins and Hernicans—Wars with the

Volscians and Æquians- Agrarian law of Spurius Cassius-His death-

Wars with the Etruscans, Legend of the Fabii at the Cremera- Impeach-

ment of consuls-Murder of the tribune Genucius-- Publilian law-Impeach-

ment of Appius Claudius-Rogation of Terentilius-Long conflict of the

orders--Æquian and Volscian wars-Story of Cinciunatus—The Decemvirs

- Laws of the Twelve Tables-Story of Virginia - Second secession of the

Plebs-- Fall of the Decemvirs-Valerian and Horatian laws- Military Tri-

bunes in place of consuls-Institution of the Censorship-Famine at Rome

-Death of Mælius-War with the Etruscans, Æquians, and Volscians-

Victory at Mount Algidus— Rise of the Samnites-Fall of Fidenz-Last

war with Veii-Draining of the Alban lake-Legend of Camillus and

the fall of Veii-Agrarian law--Banishment of Camillus- The Gauls in

Etruria

217-258

viii

CHAPTER XXII.

PAGE

WARS WITH THE LATINS AND SAMNITES. FROM THE TAKING OF ROME BY

THE GAULS TO THE END OF THE SAMNITE WARS.-B.C. 390 TO B.C. 290.

The remoter nations of the ancient world—The Celtic race-Their migration

from the east in historic times—Their national character and military habits

- Transitory effects of their enterprises—Their early settlements in Italy-

Cisalpine Gaul-Common story of the invasion-Siege of Clusium-Inter-

ference of the Romans-Battle of the Allia- Preparations at Rome-Self-

devotion of the Fathers - Capture and sack of the city-The Capitol saved

by M. Manlius-Ransom of Rome-Retreat of the Gauls-Legend of Camil.

lus-Subsequent encounters with the Gauls-Results of the invasion-Dis-

tress at Rome-Wars with the Etruscans-Settlement of Cisalpine Gaul-

Disruption of the Latin alliance-Wars with the Latins and Volscians-

Internal dissensions—Condemnation of Manlius— The Licinian rogations-

Plebeians admitted to the consulship-Institution of the Prætorship and

Curule Ædileship-- Union of the orders, Death of Camillus-Results of the

revolution, to the final settlement of the popular constitution—Renewed

wars with the Italians-New league with the Latins and Hernicans-Great

Samnite and Latin Wars-Origin and growth of the Samnites-First Sam-

nite War-Mutiny at Capua - Great Latin War-Battle near Vesuvius,

and self-derotion of P. Decius - Battle of Trifanum-Dissolution of the

Latin confederacy-Roman colonies in Latium-Second or Great Samnite

War- Papirius and Fabius-Romans defeated at the Caudine Forks -Suc-

cesses of the Romans-Defeat of Etruscans and Samnites-Roman conquests

Coalition of Etruscans and Italians against Rome-Third Samnite war-

Victory of Sentinum-Truce with Etruscan cities-Defeat of the younger

and victory of the elder Fabius-End of the Samnite wars

259-302

CHAPTER XXIII.

THE WAR WITH PYRRHUS, AND THE CONQUEST OF ITALY.-B.C. 290 to B.C. 266.

Stato of Italy after the Samnite wars—The Etruscans and Gauls in the North-

The Lucanians and Bruttians in the South-Lucania and the Greek cities

- The Romans protect Thurii – New Italian Coalition-War in Etruria-

Irruption of the Gauis- A Roman army destroyed before Arretium-Defeat

and extinction of the Senones, Defeat of the Etruscans at the Vadimonian

Lake-Successes of Fabricius in Lucania—Tarentum-Its intluence in Italy:-

Calls in aid from Greece, Archidamus--Alexander of Epirus-Cleonymus-

Alliance with Rome-The Tarentines attack a Roman fleet and seize Thurii

-Outrage on the Roman ambassador Postumius - Pyrrhus invited to Italy-

He becomes master of Tarentum-March of the Romans to meet him-Their

defeat at Heraclea- Mission of Cineas to Rome-Appius Claudius Cæcus in

the Senate-Impression made on Cineas- Advance of Pyrrhus to Præneste

- The Etruscans make a separate Peace-Pyrrhus retreats to Tarentum-

Embassy of Fabricius-Campaign in Apulia- Battle of Asculum-State of the

Sicilian Greeks-- League of Rome and Carthage-Siege of Syracuse-- Pyrrhus

passes into Sicily-His first successes and repulse at Lilybæum- His return

to Italy–His defeat at Beneventum and final departure-Capture of Taren.

tum, Rhegium, and Brundisium-Submission of Picenum, Lucania, and the

Bruttii-Conquest of Italy completed— Naval Affairs, Political and Social

state of Italy and Rome :

303-336