2. Explain the difference in composition and properties of caking coal, non-caking coal, anthracite, and coke. For what metallurgical purposes is each specially suitable? (16) 3. What are dolomite, chromite, bone-ash and Dinas rock, and for what purposes are they used? (16)

4. Compare the Bee-hive and Simon-Carvès coke ovens, and clearly state the chief advantages of each type.

SECTION II.

5. What are the objects of calcining iron ores? common form of kiln used for this purpose.

(17)

Describe a (16)

6. Describe and make a sketch of a form of stove suitable for heating the blast of a furnace smelting iron ores.

it worked?

How is (16)

7. Describe the method of making steel by the "basic open hearth" process, and state what determines the kind of pig-iron to be used for the process.

(17)

8. Give a description of the method of making "crucible steel" of the highest quality. (16)

SECTION III.

9. State the principles on which the parting of gold and silver bullion depends. How would you treat the following bullion in order to obtain refined gold and refined silver :

-

(16)

10. State how you would obtain the gold and silver from an amalgam from a stamp battery. Make a sketch of the apparatus you would employ.

(16)

11. What are the essential conditions for the successful chloridising roasting of silver ores?

(17)

12. Describe and give sketches of a water-jacketed furnace suitable for smelting lead ores.

(16)

SECTION IV.

13. State the changes which are produced in the following ores by calcination-copper pyrites, zinc blende, and calamine. Why is calcination necessary in each case?

(16)

14. Describe the operations which are necessary in order to produce blister copper from coarse metal. State the principles and chemical reactions on which the operations depend. (17)

15. Describe, with the aid of a sectional sketch, a gas-fired furnace suitable for producing spelter.

(16)

16. Give sketches and also a short description of a reverberatory furnace which is suitable for smelting tin ores.

(16)

Stage 2 and Stage 3.

You may take Stage 2, or Stage 3, or, if eligible, Honours, but you must confine yourself to one of them.

The time allowed for this paper is three hours.

Stage 2.

You are not to answer more than six questions in this paper.

For a SECOND CLASS in this stage the candidate will be expected to answer questions in only two of the following four Sections; at least two questions must, however, be taken from Section I. and among these Q. 24 must be included.

For a FIRST CLASS in this stage the candidate must answer questions in at least three Sections; at least two questions must be taken from Section I. and among these Q. 24 must be included.

The chemical changes which take place in the processes described should be stated whenever possible.

SECTION I.

[Atomic weights: Ca 40.

Al = 27. Mg = 24. Si = 28. 0 = 16.]

21. State exactly what you understand by the following terms:Dissociation, Calorific power, Calorific intensity, Liquation, and Segregation.

(30)

22. Give a classification of slags according to the relations of acid to base.

An iron blast furnace slag gave, on analysis, the following composition:

Show, by calculation, the class to which you would assign it.

(30)

23. Make a sketch showing a vertical section of a modern byproduct coke oven. State clearly what takes place in the process of converting coal into coke in the oven you have described and the advantages which are claimed for this form of oven.

(30)

24. Name and describe the six specimens submitted to you. (46)

SECTION II.

25. Give an account of the more important chemical changes which take place in a modern blast furnace. What becomes of the phosphorus, sulphur, and silicon which may be present in the ore?

(32) 26. Give the compositions of the following materials, and state for what purposes they are used:-(a) No. 1 Pig Iron, (b) No. 3 Pig Iron, (c) Spiegeleisen, (d) Ferromanganese.

(30)

27. Describe and make a sketch showing a vertical longitudinal section of a basic Bessemer converter. Compare the bottom section with that of an acid converter. (30)

28. State for what purposes steels of the following compositions could be advantageously used:

29. Make a sketch showing a vertical transverse section of one of the stamps and the mortar box of a stamp battery, and describe the chief parts. (30)

30. State fully the principles and chemical reactions on which the extraction of silver from rich argentiferous copper regulus depends.

(30) 31. How would you treat an ore of the following composition for the extraction of the lead ?

32. Compare the English and the German methods of cupelling argentiferous lead.

SECTION IV.

(30)

33. Describe and make a sketch showing a vertical transverse section of a converter for Bessemerising copper matte. Indicate, by means of equations, the nature of the changes that occur during the blow.

(30)

34. Describe the operations carried on in a modern works engaged in smelting copper ores and producing refined copper. (32)

35. Give a concise account of the general principles on which the chief processes for the extraction of aluminium are based. State the physical properties and the most important uses of the metal.

(30)

36. Give the approximate compositions and industrial uses of the the following alloys :

(a) Fine solder.

(b) Gun metal.

(c) German silver.

(d) Pewter.

(e) Brazing solder.

(30)

Stage 3.

You are not to answer more than six questions, and in these No. 42 must be included.

For a success in this Stage, the Candidate will be required to answer questions in three sections, of which one must be Section I.

The chemical changes which take place in the processes described should be stated whenever possible.

SECTION I.

40. Describe and make a sketch of a modern water-gas producer. State how it is worked and the principles and chemical changes on which its operations are based.

(50)

41. State fully what you understand by (a) the calorific power of a fuel, (b) the calorific intensity of a fuel. (50)

42. Name and briefly describe the six specimens submitted to you. (50)

SECTION II.

43. Describe, with the aid of sketches, a modern iron blast furnace with the latest labour-saving appliances. (50)

44. What are the limits of silicon, sulphur, and phosphorus which you consider permissible for pig iron required respectively for the following processes :-(a) Basic open hearth; (b) Acid Bessemer; (c) Basic Bessemer; (d) Acid Siemens; (e) Foundry work for high-class castings such as engine cylinders?

(50) 45. In the production of large steel ingots for forgings, what means would you employ to prevent or mitigate unsoundness?

SECTION III.

(50)

46. Describe the Huntingdon mill for crushing and amalgamating gold ores. State its advantages and disadvantages as compared with stamps, and the conditions under which it may be usefully employed.

(50)

47. Give an account of the plant employed and the operations carried out for the extraction of gold from an ore where the whole of the ore is slimed.

(50)

48. What chemical changes and reactions occur in each of the following operations:

(a) Chloridising-roasting of pyritic concentrates containing copper 5 per cent. and 2 ozs. of gold per ton?

(b) Sulphating roasting of a copper regulus containing 50 per cent. copper and 100 ozs. of silver per ton?

SECTION IV.

(50)

49. Compare three of the chief typical furnaces, with mechanical rabbles, for calcining copper ores, and state the advantages which are claimed for each.

(50) 50. Give a concise description of the plant and processes in use at a modern tin smelting works, noting any important features in the appliances and operations.

(50) 51. Give a concise account of the Mond carbonyl process for the production of nickel. State fully the principles and chemical reactions on which the operations depend. (50)

You are not permitted to answer more than five questions, and in these one and only one from Section I. must be included. The remaining four questions must be taken from ONE only of any of the other sections which you may select.

Full marks are obtainable for full and complete answers to four questions.

The chemical changes which take place in the processes described should be stated whenever possible.

NOTE. No candidate will be credited with a success in this examination who has not obtained a previous success in Stage 3 or in Honours of Theoretical Metallurgy and Practical Metallurgy.

Candidates who do well in Paper I. will be summoned to South Kensington or some other centre to undergo a further examination, which will consist of (1) another paper, and (2) a practical examination in the laboratory.