Dehinc, diruto Circi Maximi arcu, per Velabrum Forumque Palatium et Apollinem petit. Incedenti passim victimae caesae, sparso per vias identidem croco, ingestaeque aves, ac lemnisci, et bellaria. TEMPLE OF CONCORD Suet. Nero 25. Candida, te niveo posuit lux proxima templo, nunc bene prospicies Latiam, Concordia, turbam. 15 In 366 B. C. the long quarrel between the patricians and plebeians was settled temporarily. In commemoration of this the dictator Camillus dedicated a temple to of his triumph. Then through the arch of the Circus Maximus which was thrown down, he made his way across the Velabrum and the Forum to the Palatine and the temple of Apollo. All along the route victims were slain, the streets were sprinkled from time to time with perfume, while birds, ribbons, and sweetmeats were showered upon him. J. C. ROLFE Fair Concord,15 the succeeding day placed thee in a snow-white shrine, where elevated Moneta1 raises her steps on high: now with ease wilt thou look down upon the Latian crowd. H. T. RILEY TEMPLE OF VESTA Vestaque mater, Vir. Georg. i. 498-499. quae Tuscum Tiberim et Romana Palatia servas. O Vesta, sacred mother, who dost guard T. C. WILLIAMS Usque ego postera crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium scandet cum tacita virgine Pontifex. Hor. C. iii. 30, 7-9. For long as with his Vestals mute SIR THEODORE MARTIN Hic locus est Vestae, qui Pallada servat et ignem. Ov. Trist. iii. 1, 29. This is the shrine of Vesta which contains the Palladium and the eternal fire. H. T. RILEY Concord. Throughout the Republic it was the scene of many dramatic events. temple was frequently restored and beautified. The 16 On that part of the Capitoline Hill which towered above the temple of Concord was the temple of Juno Moneta which contained the Roman mint. 17 The shrine of Vesta, goddess of the hearth, was looked upon by the Romans with special reverence. Indeed, they considered that the preservation of the sacred fire within, watched over by the Vestal Virgins, as well as that of certain holy objects (among them the Palladium) was essential to the safety of the city. 18 There is a story (not very well authenticated) that the chief priest together with the Vestal at the head of the order ascended the Capitoline each year to pray for Rome. FORUM OF TRAJAN Bibliothecas exstruxit, ac in foro columnam maximam collocavit, partim sepeliendi causa, partim ut opus, quod ipse circa forum fecerat, posteris ostenderet. Nam eum locum, cum montosus undique esset, tanta altitudine, quanta columnae est, iussit effodi; forumque eo pacto complanavit. Dio Cass. lxviii. 16. (Latin Version by Sturz, Vol. iv.) Verum cum ad Traiani forum venisset, singularem sub omni caelo structuram, ut opinamur, etiam numinum adsensione mirabilem, haerebat adtonitus, per giganteos contextus circumferens mentem, nec relatu effabiles, nec rursus mortalibus adpetendos. Omni itaque spe huius modi quicquam conandi depulsa, Traiani equum solum, locatum in atrii medio, qui ipsum principem vehit, imitari se velle dicebat et posse. Ammian. Marcel. xvi. 10, 15. INTERIOR OF THE BASILICA ULPIA IN THE FORUM OF TRAJAN. 1 The Forum of Trajan was the largest and by far the most splendid of the imperial fora which were built adjacent to the Roman Forum. To construct this, as the emperor did in 113 A. D., it was necessary to cut through one shoulder of the Quirinal hill, a An Emperor's Memorial He made libraries and set up in the Forum1 an enormous column to serve at once as a sepulchral monument to himself and as a reminder of his work in the Forum. The whole region there was hilly and he dug it down for a distance equalling the height of the column, thus making the Forum level. H. B. FOSTER (Translated from the Greek.) A Royal Visitor's Astonishment2 But when he came to the Forum of Trajan, the most exquisite structure, in my opinion, under the canopy of heaven, and admired even by the deities themselves, he stood transfixed with wonder, casting his mind over the gigantic proportions of the place, beyond the power of mortals to describe, and beyond the reasonable desires of mortals to rival. Therefore, giving up all hope of attempting anything of this kind, he contented himself with saying that he should wish to imitate, and could imitate, the horse of Trajan, which stands by itself in the middle of the hall, bearing the emperor himself on his back. C. D. YONGE distance of about 97 English feet, and level the ground. In this Forum stood the magnificent column erected in his honor and a basilica known by the name of Ulpia. In connection with it (although in a separate building) was a valuable library. 2 Constantius the Second on the occasion of his visit to Rome in 357 A. D. HILLS AVENTINE Quaeque Aventinum tenet Algidumque, adplicet aures. Hor. C. S. 69-72. And may Diana, who holds Aventine1 and Algidus, heed the entreaty of the Fifteen Men2 and incline her gracious ears to the children's prayers! C. E. BENNETT CAPITOLINE3 Capitolium fulgens. Hor. C. iii. 3, 42-43. Hinc ad Tarpeiam sedem et Capitolia ducit, Vir. Aen. viii. 347-354. 1 The great Latin temple of Diana stood upon the Aventine. This hill was in early times a public domain. Part of it was given to the plebeians for settlement in the fifth century B. C. and the place continued to be occupied by them for several centuries. Under the Empire, however, wealthy families built houses in this district. 2 A priestly college at Rome known as the Quindecimviri Sacris Faciundis,said to have been instituted by Tarquin for the purpose of guarding the Sibylline Books. The verses quoted are from a stately hymn chanted before the temple of Apollo on the Palatine in 17 B. C. in honor of the revival of the Secular Games. 3 The Capitoline Hill was a part of the city in early times, the north end, originally occupied by the Sabines, being the site of the citadel, and the south being chosen by the Tarquins for the building of the temple to Jupiter, a structure known as the Capitolium. A path from the Forum, known as the Clivus Capitolinus, led to this hill and it could be ascended also by two flights of steps, one near the Tarpeian rock and another between the temple of Concord and the prison. So important was the temple and so significant the ceremonies both sacred and political, which were connected with it, that the word "Capitolium" came to symbolize Rome's greatness. 4 A rock at the southwest corner of the Capitoline Hill from which traitors were thrown was named from Tarpeia, daughter of a Roman officer in command of the citadel when the Sabines were assailing it in the early days. This maiden, so the story runs, was tempted to open the gates to the enemy by the promise that the Sabines would give to her what they wore upon their arms, for she was attracted bythe shining bracelets which some |