A Victorian Missionary and Canadian Indian Policy: Cultural Synthesis Vs Cultural ReplacementCanada's Indian policy has, since the 1830s, consisted mainly of attempts at cultural replacement. Although rarely practised, cultural synthesis of native and western cultures has been advocated as an important alternative especially in the last ten years. This book is a study of E.F. Wilson (1844-1915), a Canadian missionary of British background, who experienced, promoted, and advocated both approaches to native policy during his lifetime. On the one hand, he practised cultural replacement at the Shingwauk and Wawanosh Schools which he founded at Sault Ste. Marie; on the other hand, he advocated programs of cultural synthesis and political autonomy which were a distinct departure from the paternalist notions of the 1880s and 1890s. His support of such ideas was fostered by the influence of leading anthropologists such as Horatio Hale but also by his own extensive travel and observation of Indians, particularly the Cherokee Indians of Oklahoma. This book describes the efforts of a nineteenth-century Canadian missionary who entertained radical notions of Indian self-government and cultural synthesis, as well as more conventional ideas of native assimilation and cultural replacement. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 11 | |
| 33 | |
Wilson and Native Education A Program of Cultural Replacement | 67 |
Influences on Wilsons Thought Horatio Hale and the Cherokee Nation | 101 |
Wilson and the Fair Play Papers Cultural Synthesis and Political Autonomy | 135 |
Conclusion The Fate of Cultural Synthesis and Cultural Replacement | 151 |
The Fair Play Papers | 163 |
Memoir of the Rev Henry Venn | 177 |
Selected Bibliography | 185 |
Index | 191 |
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aboriginal Algoma Algoma Missionary American anthropology Bishop Cronyn boys British Columbia Canadian Indian century Christ Christian Church Missionary Society Church of England civilization Clapham Sect clergy Committee Cree cultural replacement cultural synthesis curriculum Daniel Wilson diocese E. F. Wilson Edward Francis Wilson English European Evangelical Fair Play Fenn Forest Children funds Garden River Gerald Killan Hale's heathen Henry Venn History Hobart and Brant Horatio Hale hunting Huron Ibid ideas Indian Affairs Indian children Indian Policy interest Iroquois Islington John Webster Journal land live London Methodists mission Mohawk Moon of Wintertime native agency native church native pastors Ojibway Ontario Ottawa pagans plans political autonomy Prebendary Wilson program of cultural Reel religion religious Salt Spring Island Sarnia Sault Ste Marie seems settlers sionary social suggested teaching thought tion traditional University Venn's Victorian Wawanosh white man's Wilson Letterbooks wish writes wrote
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Page 179 - I think that God hath set forth us the apostles last, as it were appointed to death: for we are made a spectacle unto the world, and to angels, and to men. We are fools for Christ's sake, but ye are wise in Christ; we are weak, but ye are strong; ye are honourable, but we are despised.
Page 35 - ... takes place when a missionary, surrounded by well-trained native congregations under native pastors, is able to resign all pastoral work into their hands, and gradually relax his superintendence over the pastors themselves, till it insensibly ceases; and so the mission passes into a settled Christian community. Then the missionary and all missionary agency should be transferred to the 'regions beyond.
Page 35 - Mission, viewed under its ecclesiastical result, to be the settlement of a Native Church under Native Pastors upon a self-supporting system, it should be borne in mind that the progress of a Mission mainly depends upon the training up and the location of Native Pastors ; and that, as it has been happily expressed, the
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