The Cultural Nature of Human DevelopmentThree-year-old Kwara'ae children in Oceania act as caregivers of their younger siblings, but in the UK, it is an offense to leave a child under age 14 ears without adult supervision. In the Efe community in Zaire, infants routinely use machetes with safety and some skill, although U.S. middle-class adults often do not trust young children with knives. What explains these marked differences in the capabilities of these children? Until recently, traditional understandings of human development held that a child's development is universal and that children have characteristics and skills that develop independently of cultural processes. Barbara Rogoff argues, however, that human development must be understood as a cultural process, not simply a biological or psychological one. Individuals develop as members of a community, and their development can only be fully understood by examining the practices and circumstances of their communities. |
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Page x
... Gender Differences Come From? Participation in Dynamic Cultural Communities Culture as a Categorical ... Role Specializations Extended Families Differentiation of Caregiving, Companion, and Socializing Roles ...
... Gender Differences Come From? Participation in Dynamic Cultural Communities Culture as a Categorical ... Role Specializations Extended Families Differentiation of Caregiving, Companion, and Socializing Roles ...
Page xi
... Roles 138 Adults “Preparing” Children or Children Joining Adults 140 Engaging in Groups or Dyads 141 Infant ... Gender Roles 181 The Centrality of Child Rearing and Household Work in Gender Role Specializations 183 Sociohistorical ...
... Roles 138 Adults “Preparing” Children or Children Joining Adults 140 Engaging in Groups or Dyads 141 Infant ... Gender Roles 181 The Centrality of Child Rearing and Household Work in Gender Role Specializations 183 Sociohistorical ...
Page 9
... roles, stages and goals of development, children's responsibilities, gender roles, cooperation and competition, and intellectual priorities. I develop these suggestions of patterns of regularity and some others throughout the book ...
... roles, stages and goals of development, children's responsibilities, gender roles, cooperation and competition, and intellectual priorities. I develop these suggestions of patterns of regularity and some others throughout the book ...
Page 13
... gender roles, and ways that communities arrange for children to learn. The research literature that I draw on in these chapters is wide-ranging, involving methods from psychology, anthropology, history, sociolinguistics, education ...
... gender roles, and ways that communities arrange for children to learn. The research literature that I draw on in these chapters is wide-ranging, involving methods from psychology, anthropology, history, sociolinguistics, education ...
Page 28
... roles that they and their family customarily play. It may be difficult for people of one gender to enter situations that are customary for the other gender without arousing suspicions. A person's marital status often makes a difference ...
... roles that they and their family customarily play. It may be difficult for people of one gender to enter situations that are customary for the other gender without arousing suspicions. A person's marital status often makes a difference ...
Contents
3 | |
37 | |
3 Individuals Generations and Dynamic Cultural Communities | 63 |
4 Child Rearing in Families and Communities | 102 |
5 Developmental Transitions in Individuals Roles in Their Communities | 150 |
6 Interdependence and Autonomy | 194 |
7 Thinking with the Tools and Institutions of Culture | 236 |
8 Learning through Guided Participation in Cultural Endeavors | 282 |
9 Cultural Change and Relations among Communities | 327 |
References | 371 |
Credits | 413 |
Index | 415 |
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activities adolescents adults African American approach asked attention autonomy baby behavior biological boys caregivers Caucasian American chil child child-rearing child’s children learn Chudacoff classroom cognitive community’s concepts context contrast contribute cultural communities cultural practices cultural processes cultural tools developmental different communities dren engage etic everyday example expected father figure focus gender roles girls goals guided participation Harkness & Super human development ideas important Indian individuals infants institutions interaction Inuit involved Japanese Kaluli Kipsigis language Leiderman literacy lives Marquesan mature Mayan Mayan language Mexican American middle-class European American middle-class U.S. mother mother’s munity Navajo nsolo observe one’s organization parents patterns people’s person perspective play preschool problem questions regarding relations responsibility Rogoff siblings situations skills social societies sociocultural structure Suina talk teachers tests thinking tion toddlers traditions tural understanding Vai script values Whiting women young children