admixtum lacte1; Pliny, N.H. xxx. 141, lutea admixta pondere. The dative occurs with some frequency from Cicero on; see e.g. de Nat. Deo. ii. 26. We also find cum with the ablative in Cato, de Agr. 115, 2, vites ne admisceas cum cetero vino, and a few times in later writers; see Thes. Ling. Lat. s.v. p. 746, 12 ff. Yet several of the examples cited by the Thesaurus as ablatives are quite as likely to be datives.

commisceo Enn. Trag. Frag. 196 (Vahlen), commixta stellis splendidis; Lucr. iv. 1257, semina seminibus commisceri; id. v. 502, liquidum corpus turbantibus aeris auris commiscet; id. vi. 322, commixta (vis venti) calore; id. vi. 1159, gemitu commixta querella; Virg. Aen. iii. 633, frusta cruento commixta mero; ibid. vi. 762, commixtus sanguine; ibid. viii. 255, commixtis igne tenebris; id. Georg. ii. 327, magno commixtus corpore; Hor. Sat. i. 10. 24, Chio nota si commixta Falerni est; Scrib. Larg. Comp. 32, (croci) aqua pluviali commiscentur; Vitruv. de Arch. ii. 4. 3, calx palea commixta; ibid. vii. 1. 2, commisceantur quercu; Suet. Iul. 81, libellum libellis ceteris commiscent; id. Vit. 2, salivis melle commixtis; id. Dom. 17, reliquias Phyllidis cineribus Iuliae commixtas ; commisceo is construed also with cum and the ablative in Lucr. (e.g. vi. 276, ventus cum eo commiscuit igni), Cato, and Cicero. The dative apparently does not occur.

misceo: Acc. Trag. 83 (Ribbeck), sanguine sanguen miscere suo; Pac. Trag. 414 (R.), grando mixta imbri largifico; Varro, Sat. Men. p. 151 (Riese), atque Aeneae misceri sanguine sanguen; ibid. p. 201 (R.), frigus calore atque umore aritudinem miscet; Lucr. ii. 576, miscetur funere vagor; id. ii. 579, mixtos vagitibus aegris ploratus; id. iii. 233, mixta vapore; id. iii. 842, terra mari miscebitur et mare caelo; id. vi. 159, grandine mixti; id. vi. 371, frigore mixtus; id. vi. 941, mixtum corpus inani; id. vi. 1072, latices aquai fontibus misceri. Lucretius also uses the dative, e.g. iii. 234, nec calor quisquam cui mixtus non siet aer. But this is the only instance. Hence ambiguous forms in the above citations have with some confidence been classed as ablatives.2 Cicero, pro Scauro, 13, crudelitate mixtas libidines; id. Tim. 44, voluptate et molestia mixtum amorem ; id. de Off. ii. 48, mixta modestia gravitas; id. Rep. ii. 1, gravitate

1 The Mss. and editors are divided here between lacte and lacti. Du Pontet, Kübler, and Meusel read lacte; the Thesaurus reads lacti (s.v. admisceo).

2 This accords also with the opinion of Hidén, de Casuum Synt. Lucr. ii. p. 80, and of Landgraf, Beiträge, p. 22.

mixtus lepos; id. de Nat. Deo. i. 75, candore mixtus rubor; Cat. 64, 95, curis qui gaudia misces; id. 68. 18, curis miscet amaritiem; Sall. Iug. 57, 5, picem sulpure et taeda mixtam; Auct. Bell. Alex. 56, 2, mixtam dolore voluptatem; Hor. Sat. ii. 4. 24, miscebat mella Falerno; ibid. ii. 4. 55, Surrentina miscet faece Falerna vina; Col. de Re Rust. vi. 4, sale miscent pabula; Phaed. i. 14. 8, antidoto miscere toxicum ; Ov. Am. i. 9. 16, mixtas imbre nives; id. Ars Am. ii. 417, piper urticae semine miscent; id. Her. 6. 76, ira mixtus amor; ibid. 16. 200, nectare miscet aquas; id. Met. iv. 504, sanguine mixta recenti; ibid. xi. 595, nebulae caligine mixtae; ibid. ix. 130, mixtus tabe sanguis; id. Fas. iv. 626, ventus grandine mixtus; ibid. v. 380, flavi corpore mixtus equi; ibid. v. 405, sanguine Centauri Lernaeae sanguis Echidnae mixtus; ibid. vi. 566, mixtis sanguine aquis; id. Trist. iv. 3. 12, spes mixta metu (Ovid also uses cum with the ablative, e.g. Met. xii. 256, mixtos cum sanguine dentes; also sometimes the dative. An example of the latter is Met. iv. 140, fletum cruori miscuit. Hence many examples are ambiguous, e.g. Trist. iii. 10. 28; Ars Am. i. 663; Pont. ii. 10. 26). Virgil, Aen. vi. 727, mens miscet se corpore; ibid. xii. 68, mixta rubent lilia rosa; ibid. 838, Ausonio mixtum sanguine; Cir. 76, misceret sanguine pontum. Virgil uses the dative in Aen. viii. 431, metum miscebant operi. Hence the case in Aen. vii. 661 and Georg. iii. 516, may be dative. Further instances of the ablative are: Val. Max. i. 6. 5, aquas sanguine mixtas; Vell. Pat. ii. 98, 3, mores eius vigore et lenitate mixtissimos; Vitruv. de Arch. vii. 14. 1, vaccinium lacte miscentes; Lucan, iv. 679, mixti Garamante Marmaridae; id. x. 32, miscuit sanguine amnes; Quint. ii. 8. 11, alterum alterius natura miscendum; Mart. i. 87. 5, mixtum diapasmate virus. Tacitus shows the dative in Hist. v. i. 7 and elsewhere; cum with the ablative is found in Ann. xvi. 34. 10. Numerous examples in Tacitus are ambiguous, but no certain instance of the ablative appears. Juvenal, i. 69, quae Calenum miscet rubeta; Stat. Theb. i. 208, mixta maiestate; ibid. v. 197, mixtus caligine; ibid. vi. 197, fletu verba miscens; ibid. viii. 609, miscent sermone querelas.

The dative, though not frequent till the Augustan poets, is found as early as Enn. Epich. 2 (V.2), frigori miscet calorem umori aritudinem.

permisceo: Lucr. iii. 351, animam permixtam corpore toto. Hidén, de Casuum Synt. Lucr. II, p. 88, takes corpore here as a locative ablative; Ebrard, de Abl. Loc. Instr., p. 626, as sociative. I can see no ground whatever for dissociating it from the similar

constructions with misceo and permisceo and for putting it in the locative category. The following ambiguous example from Lucretius is probably also ablative: ii. 990, seminibus permixta. Cic. pro Planc. 92, fructus acerbitate permixti; Virg. Aen. xi. 634 reads, permixti caede virorum equi. Hence I should regard Aen. x. 416, cerebro permixta cruento, as illustrating the ablative; also probably Hor. Odes, i. 1. 23, lituo tubae permixtus sonitus. Sall. Iug. 60. 2, has, clamor permixtus hortatione; hence in Cat. 22, sanguinem vino permixtum, vino is probably ablative. Val. Max. has the ablative in iv. 6. 2, spiritum luctus acerbitate permixtum. The dative occurs in i. 8. II. Further instances of the ablative are: Lucan, i. 190, gemitu permixta; ii. 152, permixta viva sepultis; iii. 138, permiscent dies summa imis; iii. 577, permixtus sanguine pontus; iii. 658, permixtus viscere sanguis; also probably iv. 196, castris permixtus; Sil. Ital. iii. 197, hiemem permixtam grandine; Stat. Theb. viii. 712, permixtus sudore et sanguine; ibid. x. 312, sanguine permixti latices; id. Silv. ii. 2. 32, permixti pulvere soles. So also probably, Theb. x. 113, vera falsis permixta, and Silv. v. 3. 170, permixtus ignis aquis. Cum with the ablative also occurs, e.g. Cic. in Vatin. 13, tuas sordes cum splendore permisceas. The dative occurs in Livy, xxi. 14. 1, permixtum senatui populi concilium.

remisceo: The following passages are all obviously ambiguous. The case may be dative: Horace, A.P. 151, veris falsa remiscet; Odes, iv. 15, 30, remixto carmine tibiis; Sen. de Const. 7. 4, venenum remixtum cibo. The dative is certain for Sen. Ep. 71. 16, animus naturae (natura P) suae remiscebitur.

4. VERBS OF SHARING AND PARTICIPATING.

These occur in Avestan construed with the instrumental (Hübschmann, Casuslehre, p. 255).

communico: Plaut. Mil. Glo. 51, communicabo te mensa mea; cum with the ablative occurs in Sall. Cat. 56. 5, causam civium cum servis communicasse.

participo Plaut. Mil. Glo. 261, quin sermone aliquem participaverit; Cic. de Leg. i. 33, sequitur ad participandum alium alio nos esse factos; Apuleius, Met. ix. 33, meum dominum prandio participat. By an extension of this usage we find the ablative with the adjective particeps in Sen. Herc. Fur. 369, particeps regno; cf. Vel

leius' use of mixtissimus with the ablative in ii. 98. 3, mores eius vigore et lenitate mixtissimos.

socio: As certain examples of the construction under discussion I should regard Virg. Aen. i. 598, quae nos urbe domo socias, 'that makest us partners in thy city and home'; Lucan, i. 314, Pompeium continuo sociabunt [vulgate, satiabunt] regno; Apuleius, Met. viii. 1, factionibus sociatus. Cicero repeatedly uses cum and the ablative in connection with sociare, e.g. de Or. iii. 131, qui vim rerum cognitionemque cum scientia sociaris. The following examples are less certain : Hor. Odes, iv. 9. 4, verba socianda chordis; Ovid, Met. xi. 5, sociantem carmina nervis; Stat. Theb. iii. 282, me sociare marito. In Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar § 429. 3, socius is recognized as taking the ablative. The authors cite Sall. Iug. 85. 47, socius periculis, and explain the ablative as locative. Were the reading correct we might recognize a sociative use. But all our Mss. except V give periculi, which seems to be the reading of editors since Dietsch. Lucan, vii. 716, socius cladibus, may, however, illustrate the ablative.

consocio: Pomponius Mela, ii. 7. 16, has consociare se pelago; pelago here may be ablative, though it is usually taken as dative. In favor of recognizing the ablative in this passage is the frequent use of cum with the ablative in connection with consocio. No instance of the dative is attested.

5. VERBS OF ACCUSTOMING AND BEING ACCUstomed. assuefacio: Cic. in Cat. ii. 9, assuefactus frigore et fame et siti et vigiliis perferendis. The idea is, 'made familiar with.' Further examples are: Cic. Brut. 213, puro sermone assuefacta domus; id. de Or. iii. 39, sermone assuefacti; Caesar, B.G. iv. 1. 9, nullo officio aut disciplina assuefacti; id. B.C. i. 44. 2, barbaro genere pugnae assuefacti; Val. Max. viii. 7, Ext. 15, Persico sermone se adsuefecit. The dative also occurs, first in Livy, then in Pliny, Frontinus, and Tacitus.

assuesco: Cic. de Or. iii. 58, labore assueti; Virg. Aen. vii. 746, adsueta venatu; Ovid, Met. xiii. 554, praedae assuetus amore; Livy, xxxi. 35. 3, genus pugnae quo assueverant; Sen. Contr. i. 2. 8, assuetus humano sanguine; id. Contr. ii. 1, utroque assuevi; Celsus, de Med. 1 praef. p. 12 (Dar.), uno cibo non prandio quoque assuetus; Col. de Arb. i. 4, ut vitis exiguo assuescat umore; Quint. Curt.

vi. 3. 8, tot gentes alterius imperio ac nomine assuetas; Pliny, N.H. 23. 44, assuetas meri potu; Lucan, v. 776, adsuescis fatis; Stat. Theb. iv. 655, uvifera Rhodopen assueverat umbra; Florus, i. 1. 7, assuetus sanguine et praeda; id. ii. 27. 17, barbaros signis et disciplina assueverat; Fronto, p. 206. 20 (N.), ne armatu quidem sustinendo assueti; Apuleius, Plato, 2. 20, assuetus voluptate. The dative is also frequent, beginning with Ovid. Hence many examples are ambiguous.

consuesco: Ter. Adelphoe, 666, qui illa consuevit prior; cf. Plaut. Cist. 86, tu cum quiquam viro consuevisti? Cic. in Verr. II. v. 30, quibuscum iste consueverat. The reading of the Adelphoe passage follows the Bembinus. Interpolated Mss. have cum illa, which is metrically impossible. Donatus knew a variant illam, which Dziatzko suggested might possibly be correct. Fleckeisen in his last edition reads qui cum ea, an unnecessary and, in my judgment, entirely unwarrantable tampering with the text; Columella, de Re Rust. viii. 15, quae (aves) consuevere libero victu; ibid. viii. 13. 1, (aves) magis humo quam stagno consueverunt; ibid. x. 153, sicco ut consuescat pulvere planta; Livy, i. 40. 5, quibus ferramentis consueti erant ; Stat. Theb. ii. 438, consueta luxu; also probably id. ix. 250, (ungula) consueta campo; id. Silv. v. 1. 235 consueta obsequiis. The only sure instance of the dative that I have found is Pliny, Epp. viii. 23. 8, dolori consuescere, where the ablative timore practically necessitated the dative construction for dolori.

The

insuesco Col. de Re Rust. vi. 4, aqua pecus insuescere. dative occurs in Tac. Ann. xi. 29. 11, quarum corpori insueverat. suetus I have found the following examples, given as datives in Harper's Dictionary: Virg. Aen. v. 414, his ego suetus; Tac. Ann. xiv. 27. 7, neque coniugiis suscipiendis neque alendis liberis sueti; id. Hist. v. 6. 15, suetas aquis volucres ; id. Ann. ii. 52. 3, latrociniis suetos; Lucan, i. 325, suetus civilibus armis. In all these the form is ambiguous, but in view of the construction with assuetus, consuetus, insuetus, it seems far more likely that the case used with suetus is likewise the ablative.

6. VERBS OF ATTENDING AND BEING ATTENDED.

In Vedic sak- (Latin sequor, Greek erroμai) takes the instrumental, though in classical Sanskrit this verb is transitive. The root hac- in Avestan also takes the instrumental (Hübschmann,