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...Actually long vowels are marked without reference to syllabic quantity, and all vowels (in the words when first presented) not marked long are supposed to be naturally short, although the syllable may be long by position. The pronunciation will of course depend on the rules learned from the grammar.

[ ]. — All matter in square brackets is etymological.

[Gr. Aloλos]. —A Greek word in brackets preceded by Gr. indicates that the Latin word is borrowed from the Greek one given.

[?]. The interrogation in brackets marks a doubtful etymology; after a word or suggestion it indicates, as usual, a doubt, or a suggestion not yet generally received.

servo.

- A dagger marks a stem, or, in some cases, a word not found in Latin, but which must once have existed. Such stems and words are printed in different type.

DHA. - Capitals indicate Indo-European words or roots.

√fer.

The radical sign is used for convenience to indicate a root. By this is meant the simplest Latin form attainable by analysis; though, strictly speaking, a root is impossible in Latin, as roots had ceased to exist, as such, ages before Latin was a separate language.

as if. The words as if indicate that a word is formed according to such an analogy, though the actual growth of the word may have been different. wh. whence is derived.

cf. - Compare, either for resemblance, contrast, or etymological kinship. poss. possibly.

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(+). The plus sign indicates derivation by addition of a termination; the process originally, of course, was one of composition.

reduced. The word reduced indicates the loss of a stem vowel either in composition, derivation, or inflection.

strengthened.

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-The word strengthened indicates a vowel change by which the length of a root vowel is increased; as ✔div., †Dyau, ✔snu, †nau. weakened. The word weakened means that a vowel has descended the vowel scale; as from a to o or e, o to e or i, etc.

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Italics. Matter in Italics is for translation; in Roman, is explanatory only.

VOCABULARY.

VOCABULARY.

ā; see ab.

by withdrawing, withdraw and
hide, hide away.

abdūcõ, -xi, ctum, cere, [ab-
duco], 3. v. a., lead or conduct away
or from; take or bring with one:
coloni abducti.- draw back or
away: capita ab ictu.
off or away, get away.
abdūctus, -a, -um, p.p. of abduco.
Abella (Av-), -ae, f., Abella or

carry

ab (ā, abs), [reduced case form of unc. stem: cf. Gr. årò; Eng. off, of], prep. with abl., away from (cf. ex, out of).- Used of place, time, and abstract ideas, with words of motion, separation, and the like, from, off from: ducite ab urbe ; a me abducere; defendo a frigore. With words not implying motion, on the side of, on. - - Of succession, from, after, beginning with, since: omnes a Belo; nascor ab; a primis mensibus. - Irregularly, from (out of): agnae ab ovilibus. With passives, by, on the part of. Fig., from, in relation to, in accordance with (cf. ex, de) spectare ab annis.- Ad-abicio, -iēcī, -iectum, -icere, [abverbial phrase: ab integro, afresh, anew. - With usque, all the way from; see usque.

abāctus, -a, -um, p.p. of abigo. Abaris, -is, [Gr. "Aßapis], m., a war

ricr in Turnus' army.

Abās, -antis, [Gr. "Aẞas], m.: 1. A
mythic king of Argos, grandson
of Danaus, possessor of a famous
shield which was sacred to Juno,
whence the use of his name in
Æn. iii. 286; 2. A companion of
Æneas; 3. An Etrurian hero.
abditus, -a, -um, p.p. of abdo.
abdo [ab-do (put)], -didi, -ditum,
-dere, 3. v. a., put away, remove.—
With reflexive, go away, take one's
self off, withdraw, retire. - Also,
hide, conceal: (with dat.) lateri
abdidit ensem, i.e., plunged the
With
sword deeply into his side.
reflexive, conceal or hide one's self

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Avella; a town of Campania (now Avella Vecchia) famous for its fruit. abeo, ivi or ii, itum, ire, [ab-eo], v. n., go from a place, &c., go away, depart, withdraw, pass away, disappear, vanish, go down. abfore; see absum. abi, etc.; see abeo.

iacio], 3. v. a., throw from or away, throw down.

abiectus, -a, -um, p.p. of abicio. abies, -ietis, [?], f., fir or spruce, a

coniferous tree. Also the wood, a favorite material for shipbuilding and the like. - -a ship (made of the wood), a spear-handle, a spear? abigo, -ēgi, -āctum, -ere, [abago], 3. v. a., drive away, dispel, remove: nox abacta. abitus, -ūs, [ab-itus], m. (abstr. of abeo), a going away, departure retirement.-Concretely, an outlet, place of egress, way of escape,escape. abiungo, -xi, -ctum, -gere, [abiungo], 3. v. a., unyoke, unharness iuvencum. abiūrātus, -a, -um, p.p. of abiuro. abiūro, -āvī, -ātum, -āre, [ab

iuro], I. v. a., swear off, abjure,deny on oath: abiuratae rapinae.

ablātus, -a, -um, p.p. of aufero. abluo, -ui, -ūtum, -uere, [abluo], 3. v. a., wash off, out, or away: caedem. 1.— remove filth from any thing by washing, cleanse, purify, wash. ablūtus, -a, -um, p.p. of abluo. abnego, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [abnego], I. v. a., deny (with accessory notion of refusal), refuse, deny: medicas adhibere manus. abnuŏ, -ui, -uitum or -ūtum, -uere (-uiturus), [ab-nuo], 3. v. a. and n., make a sign with the head in token of refusal, refuse, deny, decline, forbid: omen. aboleo, -ēvi or -ui, -itum, -ēre, [ab-oleo], 2. v. a. (properly, outgrow, but only used in the causative sense), to destroy, cause to perish: monumenta. Pass., die.- Fig., take away, extirpate, blot out, remove, &c.: Sychaeum (from Dido's mind). abolēsco, -ēvi, no sup., -ēscere, [ab-olesco], 3. v. n. (outgrow), be destroyed, decay, waste, vanish, abreptus, -a, -um, p.p. of abripio. abripio, -ripui, -reptum, -ere, [ab-rapio], 3. v. a., snatch from or away, drag off, carry off, tear away or from.

abrumpo, -rūpī, -ruptum, -rumpere, [ab-rumpo], 3. v. a. (in causative sense), break off or away from, tear away, rend asunder, break away (clouds). — Of discourse, &c., break off: sermonem.

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- Of law, &c., violate, trample on: fas. Of life, &c., tear or rend away, destroy, put an end to: vitam; invisam lucem (abandon); somnos cura (banish).— abruptus, -a, -um, p.p., steep, precipitous, violent: procellae; abrupto sidere.—in abruptum, precipitously.

abruptus, -a, -um, p.p. of ab

rumpo.

abs, fuller form of ab (cf. ex, uls). abscessus, -ūs, [abs-tcessus, √ced+tus], m., a going away, departure.

abscido, -cidi, -cisum, -cidere,
[abs-cædo], 3. v. a., cut off or
away, destroy.
abscindo, -scidi, -scissum, -scin-
dere, [ab-scindo], 3. v. a., cut or
tear off or away, tear apart, sever,
rend asunder: arva et urbes;
tear: flaventes abscissa comas;
tear or rend away from one; de-
prive one of: umeris vestem.
abscissus, -a, -um, p.p. of ab-
scindo.

abscondo, -dī and -didī, -ditum and -sum, -dere, [abs-condo], 3. v. a., put away, put out of sight, secrete, conceal.. Pass. in reflexive force, of the heavenly bodies: hide, disappear, vanish, set: Atlantides abscondantur. — Of places as objects, lose sight of, leave behind: Phaeacum arces. Fig., conceal, hide: furto fugam. absēns, -entis, p. of absum. absiliō, -ii or -uī, no sup., -īre, [ab-salio], 4. v. n. and a., leap or spring away, fly off: scintillae. absisto, -stiti, no sup., -sistere, [ab-sisto], 3. v. n., stand away or apart from; withdraw, depart or go away, fly from.- Fig, desist or cease from, leave off, forbear, refrain (abs. or with inf.): moveri. abstineo,-tinui, -tentum, -tinēre, [abs-teneo], 2. v. a. and n., hold or keep away from; hold or keep off. With reflexive, restrain one's self, refrain, keep off or away. Without reflexive, refrain, abstain (abs. or with abl.): tactu (refuse to touch).

abstractus, -a, -um, p.p. of abstraho.

abstraho, -xi, -ctum, -here, [abstraho], 3. v. a., draw or drag away, carry off. abstrūdo, -ūsī, -ūsum, -ūdere, [abs-trudo], 3. v. a., thrust away, - With reflexive or hide, conceal. in passive, hide or conceal one's self. abstrūsus, -a, -um, p.p. of abstrudo.

abstuli; see aufero.

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