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junctures of the adverse party considered, we have thought good to take into our princely and serious consideration, and that with speed, all things that may have relation to such a designment; amongst which we hold nothing more necessary, than to confer and advise with the common council of our kingdom, upon this so important a subject.

For although the making of war or peace be a secret of empire, and a thing properly belonging to our high prerogative royal, and imperial power: yet nevertheless, in causes of that nature, which we shall think fit not to reserve, but to communicate, we shall ever think ourselves much assisted and strengthened by the faithful advice and general assent of our loving subjects.

Moreover, no man is so ignorant, as to expect that we should be any ways able, monies being the sinews of war, to enter into the list against so great potentates, without some large and bountiful help of treasure from our people; as well towards the maintenance of the war, as towards the relief of our crown and estate. And this the rather, for that we have now, by the space of full ten years, a thing unheard of in late times, subsisted by our own means, without being chargeable to our people, otherwise than by some voluntary gifts of some particulars, which though in total amounted to no great matter, we thankfully acknowledge at their hands: but as, while the affairs abroad were in greater calm, we did content ourselves to recover our wants by provident retrenchment of charge, and honourable improvement of our own, thinking to wear them out without troubling our people; so in such a state of Christendom, as seemeth now to hang over our heads, we durst no longer rely upon those slow remedies, but thought necessary, according to the ancient course of our progenitors, to resort to the good affections and aids of our loving subjects.

Upon these considerations, and for that also, in respect of so long intermission of a parliament, the times may have introduced some things fit to be reformed, either by new laws, or by the moderate desires of our loving subjects, dutifully intimated unto us, wherein

we shall ever be no less ready to give them all gracious satisfaction, than their own hearts can desire, we have resolved, by the advice of our privy council, to hold a parliament at our city of Westminster.

And because as well this great cause, there to be handled among the rest, and to be weighed by the beam of the kingdom, as also the true and ancient institution of parliament, do require the lower house, at this time, if ever, to be composed of the gravest, ablest, and worthiest members that may be found: we do hereby, out of the care of the common good, wherein themselves are participant, without all prejudice to the freedom of elections, admonish all our loving subjects, that have votes in the elections of knights and burgesses, of these few points following.

First, that they cast their eyes upon the worthiest men of all sorts, knights and gentlemen, that are lights and guides in their countries, experienced parliamentmen, wise and discreet statesmen, that have been practised in public affairs, whether at home or abroad, grave and eminent lawyers, substantial citizens and burgesses, and generally such as are interested and have portion in the estate.

Secondly, That they make choice of such as are well affected in religion, without declining either on the one hand to blindness and superstition, or on the other hand to schism or turbulent disposition.

Thirdly, and lastly, That they be truly sensible, not to disvalue or disparage the house with bankrupts and necessitous persons, that may desire long parliaments only for protection; lawyers of mean account and estimation; young men that are not ripe for grave consultations; mean dependents upon great persons, that may be thought to have their voices under command, and such like obscure and inferior persons: so that, to conclude, we may have the comfort to see before us the very face of a sufficient and well composed house, such as may be worthy to be a representative of the third estate of our kingdom, fit to nourish a loving and comfortable meeting between us and our people, and fit to be a noble instrument, under the blessing of Almighty

God, and our princely care and power, and with the
loving conjunction of our prelates and peers, for the
settling of so great affairs as are before expressed.

CCXLV. To the Lord Chancellor.
My honourable Lord,

I HAVE shewed your letter and the proclamation to
his majesty, who expecting only, according as his
meaning was, directions therein for the well ordering
of the elections of the burgesses, findeth a great deal
more, containing matter of state, and the reasons of
calling the parliament: whereof neither the people are
capable, nor is it fit for his majesty to open unto them,
but to reserve to the time of their assembling, accord-
ing to the course of his predecessors, which his majesty
intendeth to follow. The declaring whereof in the
proclamation would cut off the ground of his majesty's
and your lordship's speech, at the proper time; his
majesty hath therefore extracted somewhat of the latter
part of the draught you have sent, purposing to take a
few days' space to set down himself what he thinketh
fit, and to make it ready against his return hither, or
to Theobald's at the furthest, and then to communicate
it to your lordship, and the rest of the lords. And
so I rest

Royston, 19 Oct. 1620.

Yours, etc.

G. BUCKINGHAM.

CCXLVI. To Sir (a) HENRY WOTTON.
My very good Cousin,
THE letter which I received from your lordship, upon
your going to sea, was more than a compensation

(a) Mr. Stephens observes, when this letter was written, upon the occasion of my lord chancellor's publishing his Novum Organum, Sir Henry Wotton, so eminent for his many embassies, great learning, candour, and other accomplishments, was resident at Vienna, endeavouring to quench that fire which began to blaze in Germany, upon the proclaiming the elector Palatine king of Bohemia. How grateful a present this book was to Sir Henry, cannot better be ex

Stephens's second collection, p.

128.

Ibid. p.129.

for any former omission; and I shall be very glad to
entertain a correspondence with you in both kinds
which you write of; for the latter, I am now ready for
you, having sent you some ore of that mine. I thank
for favours to Mr. Meautys, and I pray con-
you your
tinue the same. So wishing you out of your honourable
exile, and placed in a better orb, I rest

Your lordship's affectionate kinsman
and assured friend,

York-house, Oct. 20, 1620.

FR. VERULAM, Canc.

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p. 20.

SIR,

Lord of St. ALBANS to Mr.
MATTHEW.

THE report of this act, which I hope will prove the last of this business, will probably, by the weight it carries, fall and seize on me. And therefore, not now at will, but upon necessity it will become me to call to mind, what passed; and, my head being then wholly

pressed than by his answer to this letter; which, though it may be found in his Remains, the reader will not be displeased to see part of it transcribed in this place.

Right honourable and my very good Lord,

I HAVE your lordship's letters, dated October 20, and I have withal. by the care of my cousin Meautys, and by your own special favour, three copies of that work, wherewith your lordship hath done a great and ever-living benefit to all the children of nature, and to nature herself, in her uttermost extent and latitude: who never before had so noble nor so true an interpreter, or, as I am ready to stile your lordship, never so inward a secretary of her cabinet. But of your said work, which came but this week to my hands, I shall find occasion to speak more hereafter: having yet read only the first book thereof, and a few aphorisms of the second. For it is not a banquet that men may superficially taste, and put up the rest in their pockets; but in truth a solid feast, which requireth due mastication; &c.

But I am gone further than I meant in speaking of this excellent labour, while the delight I yet feel, and even the pride that I take in a certain congeniality, as I may term it, with your lordship's studies, will scant let me cease. And indeed I owe your lordship, even by promise, which you are pleased to remember, and thereby doubly binding me, some trouble this way; I mean by the commerce of philosophical experiments, which surely, of all other, is the most ingenious traffic.

employed about invention, I may the worse put things, upon the account of mine own memory. I shall take physic to-day, upon this change of weather, and vantage of leisure; and I pray you not to allow yourself so much business, but that you may have time to bring me your friendly aid before night, etc.

CCXLVIII. To Mr. MATTHEW, believing his Sir Tobie danger less than he found it.

SIR,

I SAY to you, upon the occasion which you give me in your last, Modica fidei, quare dubitasti? I would not have my friends, though I know it to be out of love, too apprehensive either of me, or for me; for, I thank God, my ways are sound and good, and I hope God will bless me in them. When once my master, and afterwards myself, were both of us in extremity of sickness, which was no time to dissemble, I never had so great pledges and certainties of his love and favour: and that which I knew then, such as took a little poor advantage of these later times, know since. As for the nobleman that passed that way by you, I think he is fallen out with me for his pleasure, or else, perhaps, to make good some of his own mistakings. For he cannot in his heart but think worthily of my affection and well deserving towards him; and as for me, I am very sure that I love his nature and parts.

Matthew's collection of letters,

p. 32.

CCXLIX. To Mr. MATTHEW, expressing Ibid. 69. great acknowledgment and kindness.

SIR,

I HAVE been too long a debtor to you for a letter, and especially for such a letter, the words whereof were delivered by your hand, as if it had been in old gold: for it was not possible for entire affection to be more generously and effectually expressed. I can but return thanks to you; or rather indeed such an answer, as may better be of thoughts than words. As for that which may concern myself, I hope God hath ordained

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