Torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vertex. 120 Arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas. 117.] Vertex,' not vortex,' is the constant orthography of Med. Rom. and Gud. here have vortex.' 'Vorat aequore,' ' engulfs.' So "vorago." 118.] Rari nantes,' with reference to vasto. Comp. Od. 12. 418, where the drowning crew are compared to sea-birds. 119.] Some difficulty has been raised about arma' floating, which is justified by a passage in Livy, 1. 37, "fluitantia arma ad urbem cognita in Tiberi." But the picture here is momentary, and flashes before the eyes of Aeneas. 'Tabulae,' planks. Comp. Tívanás Te veŵv kal σwματα φωτῶν Κύμαθ ̓ ἁλὸς φορέουσι, Od. 12. 67. Troia:' this is the orthography of the best MSS. in Virg., though Troicus' is found in other authors. 'Troia gaza,' 2. 763. For 'gaza' see on 5. 40, where, as in 2. 763, Med. has the spelling 'gazza.' 120.] The names of Ilioneus and Abas are from Hom. (II. 14. 489., 5. 148), but the persons are different, both being killed in Hom. Ribbeck reads 'Achati' from a passage in Charisius 107 P, where Pliny is cited as instancing 'fortis Achati," "acris Oronti" to exemplify the usage which obtained before his time with respect to Latin equivalents of the Greek genitive in ou from proper names in ns. But Pliny may have quoted from memory, confusingAchuti' with "Achilli:" and it is perhaps a little hazardous to desert all the MSS. Heins., who illustrates this form of the gen. largely, says that in 5. 301 an ancient MS. gives 'Achati' for "Acestae." This may show that the transcriber remembered having seen 'Achati' somewhere: but it may also remind us that Virg. made "Acestae" the gen. of "Acestes." "Acesti" how ever is read by one MS. in the passage from Book 5. 121.] C 125 found in any author earlier than Virg. ; 123.] Imbrem: Serv. quotes Ennius (Ann. 490), "ratibusque fremebat Imber Neptuni." Lucr. uses imber" for the element of water, e. g. 1. 715. Med. originally and Gud. 'remis.' 124-141.] Neptune rises from the deep, and dismisses the winds with threats.' 124.] Ulysses in the Odyssey (5. 382) is saved by Leucothea and Pallas, from pity and interest in his fate; but Neptune appears to intervene only to assert his own authority and repress Aeolus. See however 5. 801. Magno misceri murmure,' 4. 160. 126.] Serv. takes 'stagna' as the still water at the bottom of the sea. Heyne considers it to be the Homeric xlun. There is no difficulty in fixing the general sense of 'refusa' as 'disturbed.' Stat. Theb. 1. 359, "Stagnoque refusa est Funditus et veteri spumavit Lerna veneno." But the specific sense, and the connexion of that sense with other uses of the word in Virg. (see 6. 107., 7. 225, G. 2. 163), are more doubtful. It may mean no more than that the water is poured back or worked up from the bottom. Alto prospiciens,' 'looking out over the sea.' Comp. v. 154. To the other interpretation, 'in care for the main,' it may be objected that we should rather have expected 'suis regnis,' or some such expression, and that Virgil nowhere else uses 'prospicio' metaphorically. 127.] Repeated from G. 4. 352, with the substitution of placidum' for flavum." 'Placidum caput,' because he was about to still or make placid the waves (Heyne). Henry compares v. 255, supposing, per haps without necessity, that the gods took particular countenances on particular jrom on high Disiectam Aeneae toto videt aequore classem, - Iam caelum terramque meo sine numine, Venti, occasions. At any rate, there is no inconsistency between commotus' and placidum,'a subject on which Heyne has written an Excursus. 129.] Caeli ruina:' comp. G. 1. 324, "ruit arduus aether." The downfall of the sky. Rom. and Gud. ruinam,' the 'm' being erased. 130.] Nec latuere,' ovdè λálov, Apoll. R. 4. 753. 132.] Generis fiducia vestri,' confidence in your semi-divine origin. ་ 133.] Iam-,'' is it come to this, that' &c. Caelum terramque miscere' is a proverbial expression for universal confusion. Quid tandem est cur caelum ac terras misceant?" Livy 4.3. Another variety of the same image is found in the parallel A. 5. 790 (note), "maria omnia caelo Miscuit." "Sine numine divom " 2. 777., 5. 56, where as here numine' may be taken nearly in its strict sense of "nutu" (comp. 2. 123 note). The expression is not confined to poetry: Cic. Phil. 13. 5 has "Mihi quidem numine deorum immortalium vide. tur hoc Fortuna voluisse." 134.] We may either take' moles' metaphorically, as confusion' ('tollere' being "excitare"), or as "moles undarum," which is more poetical. Sil. 14. 123, "molem maris." See on 5. 790. 135.] Quos ego-!' A similar apo siopesis in a threat is quoted by Serv. from Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 137, " Quem quidem ego, si sensero! Sed quid opus est verbis ?" Emm. remarks that they are commonly followed by 'sed,' as in the passage just given. Comp. Ov. Her. 12. 207, Quos equidem actutum.. Sed quid prae 130 135 140 dicere poenam Attinet? ingentis parturit ira minas." 136.] It matters little whether we take 'non' with 'simili' or 'luetis:' but the former is best. Post,' another time.' 137.] Maturate,' accomplish betimes,' a sense which here would be equivalent to 'properate," though in G. 1. 260 (note) the two are naturally distinguished. 138.] Saevum,' stern;' the badge of stern authority. Tibull. 1.1. 22, "Terreat ut saeva falce Priapus aves." 139.] Sorte datum,' the division between the three brothers was by lot, Il. 15. 187 foll. Tenet ille,' his province is.' Hor. 3 Od. 4. 62, "qui Lyciae tenet Dumeta natalemque silvam Delius et Patareus Apollo." 140.]Vestras,' referring to the whole company, though only one is named. So 9. 525, Vos, O Calliope, precor, adspirate canenti." Euri domus, in a different sense, G. 1. 371. 'Illa,' &c. Hom. Il. 1. 179, Olкad' iwv oùv vηûoi te oŶs kal σoîs ἑτάροισι Μυρμιδόνεσσιν ἄνασσε. 141.] Clauso' is emphatic and a predi cate (ev KekλELOμévų Tŷ deσμWTпpiw), though it may also be abl. abs., as Henry prefers to regard it. The words are well rendered by Trapp, "But bid him bar the prison of his winds." This and the previous clause may seem to favour some other interpretation of v. 56 than that adopted there; but without extending, as Henry does, aula' to the whole of Aeolia, we may suppose that Aeolus occasionally visits and rebukes his prisoners. "Regnet in aula," G. 4. 90 (quote dby Henry). Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat, er best. Cymothoe simul et Triton adnixus acuto Detrudunt navis scopulo; levat ipse tridenti; 145 Et vastas aperit Syrtis, et temperat aequor, the overwhelming quick! + Atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas. Ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio, saevitque animis ignobile volgus, d. Iamque faces et saxa volant (furor arma ministrat); Tum, pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Revestd for worth ma qual dat 142-156.] He allays the storm, and extricates the ships.' 142.] Dicto citius,' before he had done his speech the waters were calm. So in Aesch. Suppl. 598 (of Zeus), máρeσтi d' ἔργον ὡς ἔπος Σπεῦσαί τι τῶν βούλιος φέρει ophy. One of Ribbeck's cursives has 'Haec ait.' 143.] The reversal of v. 88, "Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque." 144.] Cymothoe,' one of the Oceanides, Hes. Theog. 245. In Apoll. R. 4. 1602 foll. Triton pushes the Argo into the sea, as Thetis and the Nereids had guided it through the Symplegades, ib. vv. 930 foll. Comp. the agency of Cymodoce, 10. 246. 145.] Navis,' i. e. the three ships mentioned v. 108. 'Levat,' raises them with his trident, so that they may float off the rock. 146.] Vastas aperit Syrtis,' makes a way through the Syrtes, so that the three ships (v. 110) may get out. Henry objects that vastas' shows that the action is on the whole Syrtes, which he accordingly supposes Neptune to level. But in the very instance which he quotes (10. 13, "Alpes inmittet apertas") the meaning is not that the Alps are levelled, but that a way is made through them. Vastas' and 'aperit' are explained by v. 112, "aggere cingit arenae." The ships are surrounded by the sandbank on all sides. 147.] Rotis levibus perlabitur:' comp. in Hom.'s description of the progress of Poseidon, II. 13. 29, Tol d' éréTOVTO 'Piupa μάλ', οὐδ ̓ ὑπένερθε διαίνετο χάλκεος ἄξων. So 5. 819, "Caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru." Heyne observes that such a Neptune is often found on gems. 148.] This simile is remarkable as an illustration of Nature from man, the reverse of which is the general rule in Virg. as in Hom. The image was no doubt suggested by the riots in the Roman forum during the furious political contests of the 150 later republic.-'Ac veluti.' This passage, ་ 149.] Animis,' in their minds;' like "obstipuere animis," 9. 123, not, as Heyne renders it, with passion.' In 5. 462, which Weidner comp., "saevire animis Entellum haud passus acerbis," the addition of an epithet of course makes a difference. 150.] Iamque,' and at last they have begun to throw,' &c. Comp. 12. 656, "Iamque faces ad tecta volant." 'Faces,' to fire buildings with, were regular arms of a Roman mob. Tac. A. 14. 45, "conglobata multitudine saxa et faces minitante." Serv. mentions another reading volunt, which seems to have been supported from 7. 340. Furor arma ministrat' is parenthetical. Comp. 7. 507, "quod cuique repertum Rimanti, telum ira facit." 151.] Pietate,' general discharge of duty; meritis,' services to the state. For the construction 'pietate gravem,' see on G. 3. 506. 1 Conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant; Ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet: Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam 155 Flectit equos curruque volans dat lora secundo, vent_ 152.] 'Adstant.' Here and in 2. 303 153.] Animos,' like 'animis' in v. 149. 'Iste' had at one time crept into the text (Heyne's, e. g.); but it was a mere typographical error. 154.] Cecidit fragor,' like "ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae," E. 9. 58. 155.] Aperto,' cleared of clouds. With clear sky all round him.' Genitor,' 5. 817, note. 156.] Curru' (his chariot and horses) is the dat. after dat lora.' The idea in 'secundo' is that of easy gliding; and the expression may be compared with "cursus secundus" and "secundo amne," and, what comes still closer, "vela secunda" in Ov. A. A. 264, F. 3. 790 (quoted by Wagn.). See also 6. 146, "namque ipse volens facilisque sequetur Si te fata vocant." Volans:' see on G. 2. 41. Dat lora,' v. 63, note. For curru' Rom. has fluctu.' 157-179.] The Trojans find a convenient harbour with a cave at the end, land, and prepare a meal.' · 157.] Aeneadae.' Lucr. (1. 1) calls the Roman nation 'Aeneadae.' So "Thesidae," G. 2. 383, of the Athenians. Quae proxuma litora:' comp. v. 72, "quae forma pulcherrima." So E. 1.53,"quae semper." The relative supplies the want of an article. Cursu' = "rapide," as in 2. 321, &c. 160 Od. 13. 96 (comp. also Ulysses' description of the coast on which he is thrown, Od. 5. 411 foll., also Od. 10. 89 foll.). Some have traced the island to the harbour of New Carthage, or the bay of Naples; but, as Heyne says, it is common to many harbours. See his Excursus. In secessu longo,' 'in a deep retiring bay.' Henry says it cannot "recessus;" but the dictionaries show (what he seems to question) that it may mean a place of retirement; and the notions of a place where men withdraw, and a place which withdraws itself, easily pass into each other. The words recur 3. 229. 160.] Obiectu laterum'"obiectis lateribus," by the shelter of its sides.' Caesar has almost the same words (B. C. 3. 112), "Haec insula obiecta Alexandriae portum efficit." 161.] Inque sinus,' &c. Parts into the deep hollows of the shore.' Comp. G. 4. 420 (note), "quo plurima vento Cogitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos;" in which passage there is no island or breakwater, though the place is said to be "statio tutissima nautis." Heyne, who there interprets the words as I have done, here, not very consistently, explains them of the curves of the retiring wave: and so Wagn., Forb., Gossrau. Henry, who formerly took reductos' to signify "the effect of the island to keep back that part of the wave which is opposite to it, and thus forms a 'sinus,'" now makes sinus' the water filling the bay, understanding omnis unda' of "the whole undulant or sea." This may be so far true that Virg. may have been more easily induced to talk of the wave as parting into the hollows from the applicability of 'sinus' to the contents of the bay, as well as to the bay itself. 162.] It seems best to take 'vastae In caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late Nympharum domus: hic fessas non vincula navis Ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu. Ĉvejame. Huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni Ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore rupes' as the line of cliffs, and 'scopuli' as the peaks at its extremities. 'Gemini' implies likeness; comp. 3. 535, "gemino demittunt bracchia muro Turriti scopuli." Silius (4. 2) seems to have taken 'minantur in caelum' as "minantur caelo," threaten the sky, not threaten those below,-the difference between towering' and 'beetling.' Other passages in Virg. (2. 242, 628., 8. 668) would rather support 'beetling in this case the words would be equivalent to "surgunt minanter in caelum." Such too would be the analogy of 'mineo,' which occurs in Lucr. 6. 562: "Ad caelumque magis quanto sunt edita quaeque, Inclinata minent in eandem prodita partem," where however Lachm. reads "meant," Munro, "tument." That the two words are radically the same, cannot be doubted, whether the moral or the physical was the primary sense of 'minor.' Wagn. comp. Οd. 12. 73, οἱ δὲ δύω σκόπελοι, δ μὲν οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἱκάνει Οξείῃ κορυφῇ. 163.] Late: there is an expanse of sleeping water below. 164.] Tuta' seems to include the two motions, protected from the wind, and safe for ships. The latter seems to come from the context: the former is established by Od. 13. 99, αἵ τ ̓ ἀνέμων σκεπόωσι δυσαήων μéya kuua. Forb. comp. Ov. M. 4. 525, "Imminet aequoribus scopulus: pars ima cavatur Fluctibus et tectas defendit ab imbribus undas;" Henry, Claud. Bell. Gild. 523, "Efficitur portus medium mare, tutaque ventis Omnibus ingenti mansuescunt stagna recessu." Scaena' was the wall which closed the stage behind (Dict. Ant. 'theatrum'); here it is that which closes the view. A background of waving woods.' It is difficult to say whether Virg. had in his thoughts the primitive 'scaena,' which Ovid (A. A. 1. 106) describes as formed of boughs (σknun, and 775 σxias, Serv.), or whether he is thinking merely of the form of an ordinary theatre. VOL. II. 165.] Horrenti,'' shaggy.' 170 166.] Fronte sub adversa,' under the front of the cliffs facing the entrance of the harbour; i. e. at the head of the cove. Henry thinks there may be a reference to the "frontes scaenae" (G. 3. 24). Saxis pendentibus,' from Lucr. 6. 195, "Speluncasque velut saxis pendentibu' structas," who in turn has imitated an old poet (supposed to be Ennius) in Cic. Tusc. Disp. 1. 16. 37, "Per speluncas saxis structas asperis, pendentibus." 167.] Dulcis' of fresh water, G. 2. 243. Vivo saxo,' 3. 688, not hewn, but natural, and as it were growing. Comp. G. 2. 469, note. These details are extracted from the much more fanciful description in Hom. above referred to, Od. 13. 103 foll. Comp. also Od. 12. 318, from which Virg. took the seats. 168.] Nympharum domus' may be either in vague apposition to the two preceding lines, or in strict apposition to antrum,' v. 168 being a sort of paren thesis, like that in v. 12, above. Fessas :' comp. Shaksp., Rom. and Jul. Act 5. Sc. 4, "Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on The dashing rocks thy sea sick, weary hark." The weary ship reposes without the strain which the strong cable and biting anchor imply. Od. 13. 100., 9. 136. 169.] Unco morsu,' prob. with 'alligat,' as "dente tenaci" in the parallel 6. 3 with "fundabat." Anchors are post-Homeric. Homer's ships are moored with evval, large stones. 170.] Septem,' three from the reef, three from the sandbank, and his own. Collectis' (mustered) may be either an abl. abs. or an instrumental abl. Comp. v. 381, "Bis denis Phrygium conscendi navibus aequor." 171.] 'Amore' for "desiderio," as pws for wooos. Heyne and Wagn. needlessly and arbitrarily punctuate 'ac, magno telluris amore Egressi, optata.' E |