Emicat hic, impunè putans, et corpore toto 729. Putans futurum Altè sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem, impunè sibi, Turnus hic Et ferit. Exclamant Troës, trepidique Latini, Arrectæque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis Frangitur, in medioque ardentem deserit ictu, emicat Ni fuga subsidio subeat. Fugit ocyor Euro, Ut capulum ignotum, dextramque adspexit inermem. 730 735. Fama est, eum Fama est, præcipitem, cùm prima in prælia junctos 735 præcipitem, cùm con- Conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto, scendebat equos junctos Dum trepidat, ferrum aurigæ rapuisse Metisci : in prima prælia, dum trepidat, rapuisse Idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri, 740 Suffecit: postquam arma Dei ad Vulcania ventum est, Ergò amens diversa fugâ petit æquora Turnus, Et nunc huc, inde huc, incertos implicat orbes. Undique enim densâ Teucri inclusêre coronâ : Atque hinc vasta palus, hinc ardua mœnia cingunt. 745 746. Eneas insequi- Nec minùs Æneas, quanquam tardata sagittâ tur, quanquam genua Interdum genua impediunt, cursumque recusant, tardata sagittâ 748. Pedem trepidi Insequitur: trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget. Inclusum veluti si quando flumine nactus Turni venator nactus 749. Si quando canis Cervum, aut punicea septum formidine pennæ, NOTES. combat shall devote to ruin, as above. This is the opinion of Valpy. Davidson renders the words," whom the toilsome combat destines to victory." Labor: in the sense of pugna, says Heyne. The poet here imitates Homer, who makes Jove, in like manner, weigh the fates of Hector and Achilles. Quo pondere: in which scale. Death was to fall to the party, whose scale sunk or fell. Ruxus says, mors inclinal. 729. Alte: this is to be taken with sublatum. 730. Ferit: Enean is understood. Trepidi: trembling-in anxious fear. Consurgit: in the sense of insurgit. 731. Arrecta: in the sense of suspense. The verb sunt is understood. 732. Deserit: leaves him ardent for the fight, at the mercy of his antagonist. These last, or words of the like import, are necessary to make the sense complete. When he mounted his chariot, it was his intention to take his trusty, heavenly tempered sword -that sword made by Vulcan for his father; but in his haste and perturbation, he took the sword of Metiscus, his charioteer; which here deceived him. It is therefore, called perfidus ensis. 733. Ni fuga: had not flight come to his aid-had he not instantly Led, he would have fallen under the arm of Eneas, being left in that defenceless state. 750 734. Capulum: the hilt only remained in his hand. He now discovered the fatal mistake. Ut: when as soon as. 737. Trepidat: in the sense of properat. 739. Suffecit: in the sense of satis fuit. Vulcania arma Dei: in the sense of arma Dei Vulcani, vel Divina arma Vulcani. Those arms which Vulcan made for Eneas, This construction is imitated from the Greeks. 740. Mortalis mucro: a sword made by men-a mortal sword. Futilis: in the sense of fragilis. 741. Dissituit: in the sense of fractus est. 742. Diversa æquora: different parts of the plain. Amens: alarmed. Of a priv. and mens. 743. Implicat: in the sense of facit vel format. He wheels around in his flight, forming irregular figures, or circles. 744. Corona densa: in close ranks—in a close compact body. wounded in the beginning of the action. 746. Sagitta: the arrow by which he was Heyne says, vulnere. 748. Fervidus: in the sense of ardens. 749. Flumine: some copies have in fiumine. Heyne omits the in. This is the reading of the Roman MS. Inclusum: enclosed, or confined by a river. 750. Formidine. The formido, as Dr. Trapp observes, was a rope stuck thick with 754. Hians hæret illi, 755 jam jamque tenet eum 760 765 Hæret hians, jam jamquc tenet, similisque tenenti NOTES. red or crimson feathers to enclose, and frighten the deer, or other animals. Seo Geor. iii. 371. 753. Umber: a dog of Umbria, in the north of Italy. Canis is understood. Vividus: quick scented. 755. Increpuit: Rumus says, insonuit. He shuts his jaws, as if in the act of seizing him. 761. Si quis adeat. Virgil here outrages the character of his hero. It is true he has the example of Homer for it. But it is to be remembered the two poets lived in very different states of society. Turnus is forced to the contest with unequal weapons. Of his sword he is deprived, and left without arms. In this situation, he is pursued by Eneas, who threatens to put the person to death, who shall give him his sword, that he may be in a condition to defend himself, and be on more equal terms with his adversary. This is a course of conduct, which no age or nation, however barbarous, can justify. Much less is it becoming in the soldier, and the hero. The putting to death of unarmed and defenceless persons may be practised, but cannot be justified. Valpy. 763. Retexunt totidem: they retrace, or form back again, as many more. The meaning is, that Turnus went five times around the field of combat, pursued by Æneas. 770 775 775. Sequique Tur num telo, quem 780 Namque diu luctans, lentoque in stirpe inoratus' 784. Rursus Daunia Rursùs in aurigæ faciem mutata Metisci Dea mutata in faciem Procurrit, fratrique ensem Dea Daunia reddit. 799. Decuit-ne Divum violari 786 790 795 Quid struis? aut quâ spe gelidis in nubibus hæres ? Ventum ad supremum est. Terris agitare vel undis 805. Domum Latini Trojanos potuisti; infandum accendere bellum, 806. Veto te tentare Deformare domum, et luctu miscere hymenæos : 805 quicquam Ulteriùs tentare veto. Sic Jupiter orsus: NOTES. 782. Discludere morsus roboris: to loosen, or separate the hold of the wood. The poet here represents the root of the tree (stirpe) as a fierce dog, or wild beast, whose tusks take so fast hold of the prey, that there is no disengaging them. Lento: in the sense of tenace. Discludere: in the sense of solvere. 783. Acer: in the sense of ardens. Æneas is to be supplied. 785. Daunia Dea: Juturna, the sister of Turnus, and daughter of Daunus: hence the adj. Daunia. See 139, supra, et seq. 786. Quod: in the sense of hoc. It is governed by indignata: indignant-angry. 788. Refecti: in the sense of reparati vel animati. 789. Arduus: in the sense of elatus. 790. Contrà: against each other-face each other. Anheli: Rumus refers it to Turnus and Eneas. Heyne connects it with Martis; and it is a very appropriate epithet of a fight, like the present. The sense is the same in either construction. 794. Indigetem. Indiges is, properly, a deified hero-a demi-god. Such an one was Eneas after his death. 796. Hares: in the sense of manes. 797. Divum: this is said by anticipation. Eneas was not yet a god. Or divum may be in the sense of divinum; and then it will refer to the origin of Eneas; who, on the side of his mother, was of divine descent. Valpy says, "destined to divinity." 798. Valeret: in the sense of posset facere. 799. Ereptum. This alludes to his trusty sword, which he forgot to take with him when he mounted his chariot at the beginning of the fight. It was taken, or snatched from him, by his forgetfulness. 800. Inflectere: in the sense of movere. Edat: consume-waste away. Ruæus says, angat. Et. The et here connects, and continues the preceding negative. The nɛc is to be repeated after the et; or the et is to be taken in the sense of nec. This last is the opinion of Valpy. Heyne observes, the nec is to be repeated. Negativa nec repetenda est, says he. Cura: troubles. Solicitudines, says Ruæus. 804. Accendere bellum: to kindle horrid war. See Æn. vii. 323; where Juno raises Alecto from the infernal regions, who broke the league which Latinus had made with Æneas, and kindled the war. 805. Deformare: to afflict-trouble-disgrace. Davidson says, "dishonor." Heyne thinks reference is here made to the death of Amata, who hung herself. Disgrace and ignominy always attend suicide. Hymenaeos: the match of Lavinia and Eneas. Miscere: in the sense of turbare. 806. Orsus: in the sense of locutus est. Of the verb ordior. Sic Dea submisso contrà Saturnia vultu : Nec tu me aëriâ solam nunc sede videres Digna indigna pati; sed flammis cincta sub ipsâ Non ut tela tamen, non ut contenderet arcum. 815 Adjuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis, Una superstitio superis quæ reddita Divis. 815. Tamen non suasi, nec probavi ut jaceret tela, non suasi, nec probavi ut Et nunc cedo equidem, pugnasque exosa relinquo. Pro Latio obtestor, pro majestate tuorum : NOTES. 807. Submisso: in the sense of tristi. The verb respondit, or some other of the like import, is understood. 810. Nec tu nunc: some words appear necessary here to make the sense complete: otherwise, you would not, &c. If I had not known it to be your will, you would not now see, &c. Aëriâ sede: in the aerial regions. Reference is here had to verse 792, where Juno is represented as viewing the field of battle, seated on a cloud. 811. Pati digna indigna: to bear things, becoming and unbecoming. This is a proverbial expression, the import of which is, to bear every thing, even the greatest insults and indignities." 812. Inimica. Rumus says, adversa. 816. Stygii fontis: Styx, a fabulous river of hell. The gods were wont to swear by it; and if they swore falsely, they were doomed to lose their divinity for a length of time. Hence it is called implacabilis: inexorable. Fontis: in the sense of fluvii. Caput the head, or source; put for the whole stream, by synec. Adjuro caput Stygii: simply for, juro per Stygem, says Heyne. 817. Una superstitio: the fear, or dread. Servius says, the sole, or only obligation. Heyne takes superstitio for religio, et metus ex ea ortus. Reddila. Servius takes this in the sense of data vel facta. Others take it to imply, imposed or retaliated upon the gods above, by the infernal gods: as if this fear, or dread of swearing by Styx, made the gods above subject, in their turn, to the gods below, as much as these latter are to the former. 819. Tenetur: withheld-prohibited. 820. Tuorum. The Latin kings derived their descent from Saturn, the brother of Jove. 822. Component: in the sense of constituent. 823. Indigenas: natives-those born in the country. 825. Vocem: language. The meaning is: do not order the men to change their language, or their dress. 827. Romana propago sit: let the Roman offspring be powerful, by Italian valor: i. e. let all the future glory and grandeur of the Romans be grafted on the valor of the Latins. Propago: in the senso of proles. 829. Repertor: in the sense of auctor vel pater. 830. Et germana Jovis: Ruæus and som others read es, in the place of el. Heyne reads et. 831. Volvis: why dost thou roll such mighty, &c. 832. Submille: restrain-curb. 833. Victusque tuis Do, quod vis; et me, victusque volensque, remitto precibus Sermonem Ausonii patrium moresque tenebunt : 835. Corpore Latini Utque est, nomen erit: commixti corpore tantùm vopuli Subsident Teucri: morem ritusque sacrorum Adjiciam faciamque omnes uno ore Latinos. ortum hinc 838. Videbis genus Hinc genus, Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget, 843. Genitor Deorum ipse His actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat : Juturnamque parat fratris dimittere ab armis 845. Dicuntur esse ge- Dicuntur geminæ pestes, cognomine Diræ ; mine Quas, et Tartaream Nox intempesta Megæram, 851. Morbusque ho- Si quando letum horrificum morbosque Deum rex Molitur, meritas aut bello territat urbes. 835 8.10 845 850 Jupiter, inque omen Juturnæ occurrere jussit. NOTES. 833. Remitto me: I surrender myself I give myself up to your entreaties and your tears. 834. Sermonem: in the sense of linguam. 836. Subsident: shall settle in Latium. Valpy says, "shall take the lower places." Heyne says, infimum locum occupent. Morem ritusque in the sense of modos ceremoniasque religionis. This alludes to the introduction of the worship of the Penates and of Vesta into Italy, by Æneas. Heyne takes sacrorum in the sense of religionis. 837. Uno ore: of one language. The prep. è is understood. I will cause both nations to be incorporated under the general name of Latins, and to use one and the same language. 839. Ire supra Deos. This is a most extravagant compliment to the Caesars, from the mouth of Jove. Ruæus says, superare Deos, in which Heyne agrees. Davidson says, "exalted above gods." 855 upon guilty men. Cognomine: in the sense of nomine. 846. Nox intempesta: dead, inactive night, unseasonable for business, and when there is nothing stirring. Ruæus says, profunda nox. 848. Ventosas alas: wings of the windswift as the wind. 849. Sævi regis. character of Jove. sumes, at times. is in wrath. Savus is not the habitual It is only what he asThe meaning is: when he 850. Apparent: they appear. They give their attendance, as the ministers of his will. Acuunt in the sense of excitant. Agris. Ruæus says, miseris. 852. Meritas: deserving, or meriting punishment-guilty. Molitur: in the sense of parat. 854. In omen: for an omen, or portentous sign. Quasi portentum, says Ruæus. 856. Impulsa: in the sense of missa. Est is understood. Non secùs ac: no otherwise than—just so as—just as. 840. Nec ulla gens. Juno was highly honored among the Romans, particularly by the women. A magnificent temple was built to her upon mount Aventinus, in which Scipio deposited her statue that he brought from Carthage. 841. Retorsil: in the sense of convertit. son." Armatam: imbued-impregnated Heyne says, inflexit vel mutavit. 845. Dira. The furies were three in number, Tisiphone, Megara, and Alecto. Two of them stand before the throne of Jove, to be the ministers of his vengeance 857. Felle sævi veneni: with the essence of strong poison. Valpy says, “with bitter poison.' Davidson renders the words, "with the quintessence of malignant poi -tinged. It was usual with barbarous nations to dip the point of their arrows, and other missive weapons, into poison, in order to render their wounds incurable. Parthians were celebrated archers. The The |