452. Ille nimbus dabit It mare per medium: miseris, heu, præscia longe 453. Heu, corda mi- Horrescunt corda agricolis! dabit ille ruinas seris agricolis præscia 455 Arboribus, stragemque satis, ruet omnia latè. 464. Eosaversos morti Ipse neque aversos dignatur sternere morti; 468. Concussa quoad mentem hộc 471. Ipsa subit in ejus Ipsa subit, manibusque undantes flectit habenas, locum 460 465 470 Cuncta gerens, vocemque, et corpus, et arma Metisci. NOTES. which was thought to be the effect of some furious constellation. In this sense, abrupto sidere will mean the same with abrupta tempestate, vel abruptis procellis: bursting storms, as in the third Georgic. Or, if sidere be taken in its proper sense, then abrupto must be taken in the sense of cadente, setting; the constellations being thought more furious toward the time of their setting. Nimbus a black cloud, fraught with thunder and rain. This is its proper meaning. Heyne takes sidere abrupto in the sense of nube abrupta: the cloud bursting, or being burst. 452. Prascia longè presaging disaster, while the storm is yet at a distance-foreseeing the danger at a distance. 453. Agricolis miseris: the dat. in the sense of the gen. The hearts of the, &c. 454. Ruet: in the sense of everlet. 456. Rhæterus: in the sense of Trojanus, so called from Rhateum, a promontory on the coast of Troas. 457. Cuneis coactis: the ranks being closed: "in thick array," says Davidson, Agglomerant se: they crowd themselves together. 458. Gravem: in the sense of fortem. 462. Versi: in the sense of fugati. The Rutuli had been victorious, while Eneas was disabled by his wound. Now he is on the field, the scale of victory is turned, and they, in turn, are put to flight. 475 464. Aversos morti. Pierius found aversos in the Roman manuscript. The poet is here telling us, that Eneas disdained to fight with any of the Rutulian army but Turnus. This he does by a circumlocution, dividing the Rutulians into three divisions : 1. The aversos morti: those that were on the flight. 2. The congressos æquo pede: those who were engaged in close fight, on equal terms. 3. The ferentes tela: those who fought with missive weapons, at a distance. Heyne reads aversos. 465. Ferentes: in the sense of inferentes. 466. Caligine: in the sense of pulvere, vol nube pulveris. 468. Virago: the heroine Juturna. all things, both the voice, &c. 473. Velut cùm nigra hirundo. The epithet nigra, Scaliger observes, is added to distinguish this kind of swallow from those that haunt the banks of rivers, and are of a sandy color. Petronius calls it urbana Progne, because it loves to frequent towers, and such stately buildings as are in cities. Ædes: palace. Ruæus says, domum. 475. Nidis: the nests are here put for the young in the nests, by meton. Escas: put in apposition with parva pabula. Stagna sonat: similis medios Juturna per hostes Haud minùs Æneas tortos legit obvius orbes, Horum unum certo contorquens dirigit ictu. NOTES. 477. Sonat: chirps, or chatters. 478. Obit goes over, or around. Rumus says, percurrit. 480. Longè avia: far out of the way, so as not to meet Æneas. Avia: an adj. from avius, agreeing with Juturna. Conferre manum: to engage in close combat, or fight with Eneas. 481. Legit tortos orbes obvius: traces the mazy circles and windings of Turnus, not for the purpose of overtaking him, but for the purpose of meeting him. This is the sense of obvius. 482. Disjecta: scattored-flying before him. 484. Fugam: the speed--swiftness. Ruseus says, celeritatem. Alipedum: in the sense of celerum: the swift, or winged horses of Turnus. 485. Retorsit currus. The meaning is: whenever Æneas was about to intercept her course, coming up in front, Juturna wheeled about the chariot, and drove backward, so as to prevent the meeting of the two champions. Currus: the chariot, by meton. the horses. 486. Heu quid agat. Dr. Trapp explains this of Juturna; but it is evident we are to understand it of Eneas. It is he who is disappointed, and crossed in his design of meeting Turnus. Estu: with a tide of passions. Irarum is understood. 487. In contraria: in opposite directions in different ways. Taken in the sense of in contrarias partes. 477. Similis huic avi Juturna 480 480. Nec patitur eum 485 490 495 491. Collegit se in arma: he contracted, or collected himself into his armor. Though the word arma is here mentioned in general, it must be restricted to the shield, behind which he hid himself, bending upon his knee, and contracting his body. Virgil uses the word in the same sense in other places. 492. Subsidens: in the sense of cadens. Rumus says, incurvans se. Incita: in the sense of immissa vel celer. 493. Concita hasta tulit: the meaning is: the rapid spear just grazed the top of his head, and carried with it the tuft, or plume of his helmet. Vertice: in the sense of capite. 494. Subactus insidiis: baffled by the stratagems of Juturna. Ruæus says, coactus. 496. Testatur. This is the reading of most of the ancient manuscripts. It is preRumus. Heyne reads testatur. Multa: in ferable to testatus, which is the reading of the sense of multùm. Ruæus says, sæpe. 499. Suscitat: in the sense of facit. Effundit habenas: he gives full reins to his anger. This is a metaphor taken from the chariot race. Effundere habenas: to give full rein to your horses-to set them at full speed. Dare-laxare-mittere-immittere, &c.-habenas vel fræna, are phrases deno ting the same thing. 500. Nunc quis, quis Deus expediat mihi carmine tot acerba funera 503. Placuit-ne te, O Jupiter rem venientem 501 Quis mihi nunc tot acerba Deus, quis carmine cædes Eneas Rutulum Sucronem, (ea prima ruentes Turnus equo dejectum Amycum, fratremque Diorem, 505 510. Ferit hunc Dio- Congressus pedes; hunc venientem cuspide longâ, 510 Hunc mucrone ferit; curruque abscissa duorum Suspendit capita, et rorantia sanguine portat. Talon 513. Me Æneas mittit Ille Talon, Tanaïmque neci, fortemque Cethegum, Tres uno congressu, et mæstum mittit Onyten, Nomen Echionium, matrisque genus Peridiæ. 516. Hic Turnus in- Hic fratres Lyciâ missos, et Apollinis agris, terficil fratres 521. Duo ignes im missi è diversis 522. In sonantia vir gulta è lauro Et juvenem exosum nequicquam bella Menoten : Ars fuerat, pauperque domus: nec nota potentûm NOTES. 501. Obitum: in the sense of mortem. 502. Inque vicem: for invicemque, by tmesis. Agit: causes, or effects. 503. Motu rage-violence. for tanto-ne, by apocope. Tanton': 505. Pugna: attack-assault. Statuit: stopped. The meaning of this passage may be that the opposition made by Sucro checked the Trojans, who were before rushing on the enemy, and raging without control. Or, this assault of Eneas upon Sucro caused him, and the Trojans, to stop their career and pursuit of Turnus, and remain in the same place." This is the sense given to it by Heyne. Ruæus proposes a third meaning to the words, to wit: that the assault of Æneas upon Sucro first caused the Trojans to rally and stand their ground, who before were fleeing, and unable to resist so great a hero. 506. Multa: in the sense of multùm. This is in imitation of the Greeks, who used adjectives of the neu, gen. as adverbs. 507. Excipit: in the sense of feril, vel vulnerat. Quà fata: where death is easiest to be effected. Fata: in the sense of mors. The verb sunt is understood. 508. Crates: acc. plu. Rumus says, septum. Crudum: naked-bloody. Costas Crates. These are governed in the acc. by the prep. trans, in comp., while the verb adigit governs crudum ensem. 510. Congressus pedes: Turnus on foot engaging Amycus, &c. Congredi: signifies to 515 520 'engage in close combat-to fight hand to hand. 514. Congressu: onset-assault. Ruæus says, impetu. Genus: in the sense of prolem, vel filium. 515. Echionium: an adj. from Echion, the name of the Theban, who accompanied Cadmus at the building of Thebes in Beotia. Onytes was an Echionian, or Theban name. Rumus says, Thebanum. 516. Lycia: a country of Asia Minor, celebrated for the oracles of Apollo. It is bere put in apposition with agris. See Æn. iv. 143. 517. Exosum: a part. agreeing with juvenem, and governing bella. Menates was an Arcadian. 519. Ars: business, or employment. Cui: in the sense of cujus. Lerna: a lake near the city of Argos in the Peloponnesus, famous for its having been the abode of the Hydra, that was slain by Hercules. Flumina: in the sense of aquas. 520. Limina potentum: the palaces of the great were not known to him. Ursinus assures us that limina is the reading of the most ancient manuscript, Liber Colitianus vetustissimus, and he makes no doubt of its being the true reading. Heyne and Davidson read limina. Rumus and Valpy read munera. Of this it is difficult to make sense, whereas limina is easy. Conducta: in hired land. He had no farm of his own. 522. Virgulla: in the sense of nemora. Aut ubi decursu rapido de montibus altis Murranum hic, atavos et avorum antiqua sonantem 523 Decursu: descent. NOTES. 524. Æquora: in the sense of mare. 525. Populatus: laying waste. 527. Nescia vinci : knowing not to be conquered-invincible. Rumpunter: are burst -pant and heave as if they would burst with rage. 528. Itur: they go-march. 529. Sonantem: in the sense of jactantem vel gloriantem. Actum: in the sense of deductum. 531. Turbine: with the force. Heyne says, jactu. 532. Excutit: in the sense of dejicit vel sternit. 533. Supèr: in the sense of insuper vel prætereà. 534. Incita: quick-in rapid movement. 536. Aurata tempora: his temples decked with a gilded helmet. 537. Fixo: being pierced-the spear passed through his helmet. 539. Eripuit. Rumus says, servavit. 540. Sui: in the sense of propitii vel faventes. Or, his own gods-those gods 525 524. Aut ubi amnes spumosi rapido decursu 525. Quisque amnis 529. Hic Eneas sco 530 pulo, atque turbine ingentis saxi, excutit Mur ranum. 532. Effundit eum præcipitem 533. Ungula equoruni, 535 nec memorum 540 535. Ille Turnus occurrit Hyllo 544. Tu occidis, quem 545 548. Conversæ sunt 550 in se 552. Omnes viri, quisque pro se whose priest he was. Cupencus, in the Sabine language, signified a priest. 541. Erei. Pierius found æris in all the ancient manuscripts which he examined, instead of arei, as in the common editions. Heyne reads arei. Mora: resistance. 543. Oppetere. This word properly signifies to die, like a hero, on the field of battle quasi ore petere terram, to bite the ground, as we say in English. 544. Occidis: thou fallest. Rumus says, moreris. 546. Melæ mortis: for meta vitæ, the limit or boundary of life. This is in imitation of Homer's rλos Davaron. 547. Lyrnessi: Lyrnessus was a city of Phrygia, near the Sinus Adramyttenus. 548. Conversa: Ruæus says, permixtœ. The verb sunt is understood. 551. Ala: in the sense of equites, vel equitatus. 552. Nituntur: strive-struggle. Opum: this appears merely expletive. Ruæus says. virium. 553. Tendunt: in the sense of contendunt vel luctantur. circumtulit Hic mentem Æneæ genitrix pulcherrima misit, 557. Ille Æneas ut Ille ut vestigans diversa per agmina Turnum, 560. Accendit animum Continuò pugnæ accendit majoris imago: parte pro nobis 567. Eruam urbem Mnesthea, Sergestumque vocat, fortemque Serestum, 565. Jupiter stat hâc Ne qua meis esto dictis mora: Jupiter hâc stat: runt 582. Italos jam bis esse Bis jam Italos hostes; hæc altera fœdera rumpi. hostes Exoritur trepidos inter discordia cives : NOTES. 554. Mentem: mind-design-purpose. Misit: in the sense of immisit. Heyne takes mentem in the sense of consilium. 558. Acies in the sense of oculos: some understand it of the various parts of the army. Immunem: in the sense of expertem. 563. Nec scula: this was according to the custom of the Roman soldiers, who were wont to be drawn up in arms before their general, when he harangued them. Legio: in the sense of turma vel acies. Ruæus says, exercitus. 565. Stat hâc: stands here with us-favors us-is on our side, in this bold undertaking. This may be said in allusion to his being the avenger of violated faith. 568. Fatentur: unless they consent to receive the reins and obey. Accipere frænum, vel fræna is a military phrase, denoting unconditional submission to the conqueror. Ruæus says, volunt. 569. Æqua: level with the ground. Ponam: in the sense of prosternam. 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 571. Pati nostra prælia: to fight with me. Ruæus says, ferre pugnam. 575. Dani cuneum: they form themselves into the military wedge, which is drawn to a point in the front, and widens toward the rear; and in this close body (densa mole) they rush against the city. Dant: in the sense of formant vel faciunt. Feruntur: in the sense of irrunt. Ruæus interprets mole by multitudine. 578. Ferrum. Any missive weapon tipped with iron or steel, may be called ferrum. 579. Tendit: in the sense of protendit. Sub: in the sense of ad. 582. Hæc altera fædera. The first treaty was, when Latinus promised to Ilioneus to take Eneas for his ally, and son-in-law. Æn. vii. 259. The second league or treaty was that which ratified the single combat between Turnus and Eneas, 195. supra. 585. Trahunt: they draw the king to the walls, that he may ratify the treaty, and so put an end to the war. |