188. Firment spem Encada referent, ferrove hæc regna lacessent. lemne Sic prior Æneas: sequitur sic deinde Latinus, Suspiciens cœlum, tenditque ad sidera dextram : 197. O Ænea, juro per Hæc eadem, Ænea, terram, mare, sidera juro, hæc eadem numina, per Latonæque genus duplex, Janumque bifrontem, terram Vimque Deûm infernam, et diri sacraria Ditis: 204. Non; si illa vis Avertet: non, si tellurem effundat in undas effundat 190 195 200 Diluvio miscens; cœlumve in Tartara solvat : - Ut sceptrum hoc (dextrâ sceptrum nam fortè gerebat) Nunquam fronde levi fundet virgulta, nec umbras, NOTES. 187. Nostrum: noster here is used in the sense of propitium vel secundum. Mars is his, or on his side, whose interest he espouses. Annuerit: shall prove, show, or declare Mars. Servius takes it by hypallage, for noster Mars annuerit victoriam nobis. 188. Numine: Rumus says, auctoritate. 189. Non this appears to be merely expletive. 190. Leges: terms-conditions. Millant: in the sense of jungant. 192. Socer habeto arma: let my father-inlaw have the management of peace and war: which is the same thing as being king. This is more fully expressed in the next line. Solemne: usual-customary. Heyne says, legitimum: Ruæus, supremum. Dabo: I will attend to religious rites, and to the gods-I will regulate the ceremonies of religion, and the worship of the gods. This alludes to the Penales, and Vesta, whose worship, it is said, Eneas introduced into Italy. 197. Juro hæc eadem. Latinus swears by the same gods, by whom Æneas had just sworn, besides those here enumerated. Ďuplex genus: by this we are to understand Apollo and Diana, who were twin children of Latona. 199. Vim infernam: by the infernal power of the gods-the power of the infernal gods. That is, the infernal gods themselves. So vis odora canum. En. iv. 132. Sacraria: sanctuary of direful Pluto. 200. Genitor: Jupiter. 205 201. Tango aras. It was a custom for those who made supplication, offered sacrifice, or took an oath, to lay their hands upon the altar. This custom has descended to the present time, in administering the solemnities of an oath. The party taking the oath lays his hand on the bible, and calis God to witness the truth of his declaration. Medios ignes: those fires common to both partics-in which they partook. 203. Quòcunque: the parts of the word are separated by tmesis, for the sake of the verse: howsoever. Avertet: in the sense of abducet. 204. Si effundat. Servius takes this as an hypallage for effundat undas in tellurem: should deluge the earth-throw the waters over the earth. Rumus takes it to imply the sinking and dissolving of the earth itself into the waters of the ocean. Heyne appears to adopt the same opinion. Latinus here expresses his full determination to abide by the conditions of the treaty, and declares, that no power should divert him from it with his consent, not even if the world were wrapped in a deluge, and a general dissolution of things take place. Ruæus says, dissolvat terram in aquas, confundens eam diluvio. 205. Solvat. Rumus says, dejiceat. Davidson renders the words, " plunge heaven into hell." Heyne says, misceat cælum as Tartarum. 206. Ut sceptrum. This comparison is taken almost literally from Homer. Fundet: shall put forth, or produce. Cùm semel in sylvis imo de stirpe recisum NOTES. 208. Cùm semel: since once cut in the woods from the lowest stem, it is deprived of the nourishment of its parent stock. 209. Posuit: hath laid aside-been stripped of. 210. Manus: the skill of the artist. nus: the hand, by meton, art-skill. Ma 211. Patribus: in the sense of regibus. 214. Pecudes jugulant: they kill the sacred victims over the flames of the altar. 215. Cumulant: they heap, or load the altars. See En. viii. 284. Oneratis: in the sense of plenis. 221. Tabentes gena: lank, or fallen cheeks. Some copies read pubentes: but tabentes is confirmed by the authority of the best manuscripts, and is most agreeable to the design of the poet. Heyne says, labentes. 222. Vidit: in the sense of sentit. 223. Labantia: in the sense of mobilia. Variare: in the sense of dissentire: to be dissatisfied at the conditions of the treaty, made between Latinus and Eneas. 224. Assimulata: personating the form of Camertus, she throws herself, &c. The in medias acies is to be taken after the same words, in line 227, infra. 225. Genus: origin-descent. Cui: in the sense of cujus. Ingens: great-illus trious. 230 214. Iisdem vivis 216. Ea pugna cœpit 218. Cernunt duces esse non 219. Turnus adjuvat hane opinionem, progressus 222. Quem sermonem inter Rutulos simul 227. Inquam, in medias acies, haud 234. Ille Turnus 235 235. Per ara hominum 226. Nomen: renown-fame. Acerrimus: in the sense of fortissimus. Erat is to be repeated with this word, and also with genus, in the preceding line. 229. Talibus. Servius thinks we are to understand by this word that all of them were equal to Turnus in valor. Rumus says, omnibus iis. Davidson renders it, "all these." Animam unam: the life of Turnus. 231. Hi: this is the reading of Heyne. The common reading is hic. 232. Fatalis manus. By these words Servius understands the Trojans, who were destined to come into Italy. But it is better to understand it of the Tuscans, who were directed by fate to put themselves under the conduct of Eneas, a foreign leader; and on that condition alone, they were assured of success. See Lib. viii. 501. This interpretation frees Virgil from the imputation of idle repetition. Etruria infensa Turno: one part of Etruria was hostile to Turnus; and another assisted him, under the command of Messapus. The fatalis manus is evidently the same as Etruria infensa Turno. 1 233. Alterni: every other one. They were double the number of the enemy. 235. Vivusque feretur per ora. This im Nos, patriâ amissâ, dominis parere superbis 240. Mutati sunt men- Ipsi Laurentes mutati, ipsique Latini; tibus 244. His rebus Qui sibi jam requiem pugnæ, rebusque salutem 247. Namque aquila, Namque volans rubrâ fulvus Jovis ales in æthrå, fulvus ales Jovis Agminis aligeri: subitò cùm lapsus ad undas 240 245 Cycnum excellentem pedibus rapit improbus uncis. 250 Ætheraque obscurant pennis, hostemque per auras, 254. Donec ales vic- Factâ nube, premunt: donec vi victus, et ipso tus vi, et ipso pondere Pondere defecit, prædamque ex unguibus ales суспі Projecit fluvio, penitùsque in nubila fugit. Tum verò augurium Rutuli clamore salutant, Expediuntque manus: primusque Tolumnius augur, 259. Hoc, hoc erat id, Hoc erat, hoc, votis, inquit, quod sæpe petivi; quod 260. Accipio omen 255 Accipio, agnoscoque Deos. Me, me duce, ferrum 260 NOTES. 245. Præsentius: more effectual: an adj. of the comp. neu. agreeing with portentum vel monstrum, understood. It governs quo in the abl. than which. It may be rendered adverbially. 246. Monstro: deceived them by the prodigy. Any thing that is, or happens, contrary to the ordinary course of things, may be called monstrum. 247. Rubrá æthrå: in the ruddy sky. Litoreas aves: sea-fowls-fowls frequenting the sea shore. 248. Turbam: in the sense of multitudinem. Aligeri agminis: of the winged tribe: the same in sense with volucrum. Sonantem: refers to the sound made by the motion of their wings, as they passed through the air. Rumus says, strepitantem. 250. Improbus: in the sense of avidus. 251. Arrexêre: in the sense of sustulerunt. 252, Fugam: their course. 254. Nube factâ: a cloud being formed— closing in thick array around him, they form a cloud, and darken the sky with their wings. 255. Defecit: failed in his strength. 257. Augurium. This word here is used in its proper sense, which is an omen or prognostic, taken from the flight, or chirping of birds. The Rutulians were right in explaining the eagle to mean Æneas, the swan, Turnus, and the other birds, to mean themselves. But they were mistaken, in taking this augury, which Juturna procured, to have been sent from the gods. To this an allusion is made in verse 246, monstroque fefellit. This interposition of a superior power, was necessary to account for the sudden change produced in the minds of the Rutulians and Latins. 258. Expediunt manus. By this, Valpy understands elevating of their hand in token that they were prepared and ready for battle. Ruæus says, explicant manus. Davidson renders the words, "they put their troops in array," which is the sense of Rumus. Heyne differs from both these interpretations. He says, expediunt manus ut arma capiunt: they prepare to take their arms. These had been laid aside, while the preparations were making, and the league was ratifying. See verse 130, supra. 265 Territat, invalidas ut aves; et litora vestra. 270 1 268. Simul hoc fit 269. Turbati sunt 273. Hasta volans transadigit unum horum 275 fratrum per costas, juvenem egregium formâ, et fulgentibus armis, ad medium corpus, quâ sutilis balteus [ Hasta volans, ut fortè novem pulcherrima fratrum Sic omnes amor unus habet decernere ferro. Diripuêre aras: it toto turbida cœlo Tempestas telorum, ac ferreus ingruit imber: Craterasque, focosque ferunt. Fugit ipse Latinus 285 Infrænant alii currus, aut corpora saltu Subjiciunt in equos, et strictis ensibus adsunt. NOTES. 262. Invalidas aves: this agrees with quos, mentioned before, and signifies the same with it as week birds. 263 Profundo: in the sense of mari. Penitùs: far remote-far distant. Longè, says Ruæus. 264. Densate: thicken your ranks in close and compact array, defend, &c. Ruæus says, colligite agmina. 267. Cornus: this was a spear (hasta) whose shaft was made of the corneil-tree. 268. Simul hoc. The meaning is, that as soon as the spear was thrown by Tolumnius, all the troops were eager to engage, and their courage was roused for battle. This they signified by a great shout. 269. Cunei. The cuneus was a company of men drawn up in the form of a wedge: hence it came to signify troops in general, as in the present case. 270. Corpora fratrum: simply, fratres. 272. Conjux wife. Una: one. 274. Mordet: binds, or fastells. Junctu- 278. Stringunt in the sense of educunt. 279. Caci: blind to danger. 280. Inundant: deluge the plain. The word is very expressive. They move like a devouring flood. Agyllini: the Tuscans, so called from Agylla, one of their cities. 282. Unus amor: one mind-desire. 283. Diripuêre: they stripped the altars. 284. Ingruit: pours down upon them. Tempestas: a cloud-storm. It: covers the whole heaven. Turbida: thick-terrific. 285. Focos: in the sense of ignes. 287. Infrænant currus: they prepare their chariots-they harness their horses in them. Subjiciunt: with a spring, they mount, or throw themselves upon their horses. Livy uses this verb in the same sense: pavidum regem in equum subjecit. 288. Adsunt: in the sense of instant, vel concurrunt. 289. Messapus avidus, &c. The meaning of the passage appears to be this: Messapus desirous of breaking the league, as soon as mounted on his horse, made an attack upon Tuscan Aulestes, with his horse full in front. This so alarmed him, that attempting to retreat or give back, he fell from his horse among the altars, which had just been erected for the purpose of ratifying the league. In this situation, Messapus, rising Tyrrhenum Aulesten, avidus confundere fœdus, 292. In aris oppositis Et miser oppositis à tergo involvitur aris, à tergo In caput, inque humeros. At fervidus advolat hastă 295. Altusque equo Desuper altus equo graviter ferit, atque ita fatur: desuper graviter ferit Hoc habet: hæc melior magnis data victima Divis. 296. Ille habet hoc Concurrunt Itali, spoliantque calentia membra. Obvius ambustum torrem Chorinæus ab arâ eum orantem multa vulnus gam 299. Obvius Ebuso Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti venienti, ferentique pla- Occupat os flammis. Olli ingens barba reluxit, Nidoremque ambusta dedit. Supèr ipse secutus Cæsariem læva turbati corripit hostis, Impressoque genu nitens terræ applicat ipsum. se- Sic rigido latus ense ferit. Podalirius Alsum Pastorem, primâque acie per tela ruentem, Ense sequens nudo superimminet: ille securi Adversi frontem mediam mentumque reductâ Disjicit, et sparso latè rigat arma cruore. Olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget 304. Podalirius quens nudo ense 307. Ejus adversi Somnus; in æternam clauduntur lumina noctem. At pius Æneas dextram tendebat inermem Nudato capite, atque suos clamore vocabat: Quò ruitis? quæve ista repens discordia surgit? 314. Fœdus ictum est O cohibete iras! ictum jam fœdus, et omnes 315. Jus concurrere Compositæ leges: mihi jus concurrere soli: est mihi soli; sinite me Me sinite, atque auferte metus. Ego fœdera faxo Firma manu: Turnum jam debent hæc mihi sacra. Has inter voces, media inter talia verba, pugnare NOTES. high upon his steed to give the blow more effect, gives him a mortal wound; while he in the mean time is pleading for his life, without avail. Insigne: in the sense of ornamentum. 291. Proterret: affrights-alarms-confounds. Ruit: in the sense of cadit: 294. Trabali: in the sense of ingenti. 296. Melior victima: a better, or more effectual victim to appease the gods, than those that had been offered for the league on the altars, where he had fallen; to wit, a lamb or a pig. Habet hoc. This was an expression made by the spectators at the shows of the gladiators, when any one received a mortal wound. 297. Spoliant: strip his limbs yet warm. Rumus says, nudant. 298. Obvius: in the sense of adversus. Ruæus says, occurrens. 300. Occupat os: he strikes him on the face with the fire-brand. This prevented the blow that was intended by Ebusus to be given to him. Occupat os: Ruæus says, intercepit vullum flammis. Heyne says, ferit occupando. This Chorineus was a Trojan priest. He had been engaged in offering 290 295 300 305 310 315 the sacrifices; which accounts for his being at the altars. Reluxit: his beard caught fire, and shone-blazed. 301. Super in the sense of insuper vel prætereà. Ipse: Chorinæus. 302. Turbati: affrighted-confused. 303. Impresso genu: exerting himself with his knee being thrust hard against him, he is enabled to pull Ebusus over, and bring him to the ground. Applicat: Ruæus says, sternit. 306. Superimminet: in the sense of premit vel urget. Securi reductâ: his axe being drawn back to give the blow—with his axe drawn back. 308. Disjicit: in the sense of scind:t vel secat. 309. Olli: for illi, and this again in the sense of illius. 311. Inermem: unarmed: of in, and arma. 313. Repens in the sense of subita. 315. Leges: the terms or conditions of the treaty. 316. Ego faro: the meaning is: I will make good my part of the treaty, and these sacred rites, give me security, that Turnus will perform his part. Faxo: for facero. |