633. Gemitus mori- Tum verò et gemitus morientûm; et sanguine in alto eutûm audiuntur Armaque, corporaque, et permisti cæde virorum Catillus Iolam, 638. Jactat crura alta, Quo sonipes ictu furit arduus, altaque jactat, Ingentemque animis, ingentem corpore et armis 642. Cui erat fulva Tantus in arma patet. Latos huic hasta per armos Funditur ater ubique cruor: dant funera ferro 649. Amazon, nempe Unum exserta latus pugnæ, pharetrata Camilla. Camilla pharetrata ex- Et nunc lenta manu spargens hastilia denset, qultat, exserta quoad Nunc validam dextrâ rapit indefessa bipennem. 655. At circum eam, At circùm lectæ comites, Larinaque virgo, 635 640 645 650 655 NOTES. 636. Horrebat adire: he feared to attack him. Timeret, says Rumus. 638. Jactal crura: The meaning is, that his horse reared upon his hind feet, throwing his fore feet, and beating the air with them. In doing this, he threw his rider. 642. Dejicit in the sense of prosternit. Cui: in the sense of cujus. So huic: for hujus, 644. infra. Vertice: in the sense of capite. His yellow hair waved upon his naked head. 644. Palet tantus: so great he stands opposed to arms. This is the sense given to the words by Davidson; who observes, that Servius, and most commentators after him, understand the words to mean: that he stood so large a mark exposed to the darts of the enemy. But this is so far from being a reason for his not being afraid, that it is a strong reason why he should be. In, may be taken in the sense of contrà. 645. Acta: in the sense of immissa; agreeing with hasta. Transfixa: passing through his shoulders, doubles the man with the pain of the wound. The pain inflicted by the spear was so great, that he was no longer able to maintain an erect posture. Rumus says, incurvat hominem. The reading above is that of Heyne, founded upon the Roman, Medicean, and other MSS. of antiquity, and generally adopied by modern editors. Some read duplicatque viri transfixa dolorem. This Turnebus approves. Or, 649. Exserta unum latus pugna: her right side was naked, and disengaged for action, (pugnæ,) but her left was incumbered with her bow, and half-moon shield. Such a shield the Amazons wore. pugna may signify the attacks of the enemy. Then the sense will be: that she had one side (to wit, the right,) exposed to the enemy, while the other was covered with her shield; which prepares the reader for the circumstance mentioned afterwards, of her receiving her mortal wound in this part of her body. Camilla is here called an Amazon, because she was armed like one of them. 650. Spargens: this expresses, as well as denset, the rapidity with which she repeated her throws. She scattered her javelins thick on every side. Spargit densè, says Heyne. 652. Arma: in the sense of sagittæ. 653. In tergum: backward: in the sense of retrò. 654. Spicula: the winged arrows from her inverted bow. She turned her bow over her shoulder, and in that position discharged her winged arrow upon the enemy. In this manner the Parthians conducted Italides: quas ipsa decus sibi dia Camilla 664. O aspera virgo 665 Quem telo primum, quem postremum, aspera virgo, Dejicis? aut quot humi morientia corpora fundis? Eumenium Clytio primùm patre; cujus apertum Adversi longâ transverberat abjete pectus. Sanguinis ille vomens rivos cadit, atque cruentam Mandit humum, moriensque suo se in vulnere versat. Tum Lirin Pagasumque supèr: quorum alter, habenas Suffosso revolutus equo dum colligit; alter Dum subit, ac dextram labenti tendit inermem, Præcipites pariterque ruunt. His addit Amastrum Hippotaden sequiturque incumbens eminùs hastâ Tereaque, Harpalycumque, ct Demophoonta, Chromim que : Quotque emissa manu contorsit spicula virgo; Pugnatori operit; caput ingens oris hiatus, NOTES. their retreat; which the poet here has in his view. 657. Italides: Italian nymphs. 659. Flumina: the river, put by meton. for the banks of the river. They beat the banks so as to make the river resound. Thermodontis: gen. of Thermodon, a river of Thrace, the country said to have been inhabited by the Amazons. 660. Pictis armis: with party-colored, or variegated arms. Bellantur: in the sense of pugnant. 661. Hippolyten. Hippolyte was a famous queen of the Amazons. It is said she was vanquished by Hercules. Penthesilea was also queen of that female race. She came to the assistance of Priam during the Trojan war, and was slain by Achilles, or his son Parrhus. See En. i. 491. 662. Magnoque ululante: with a loud yelling noise. 663. Lunatis pellis: with their crescent shields-shields in the form of a half moon. 664. Aspera: in the sense of bellicosa. 665. Fundis: in the sense of sternis. 667. Abjete: for abiete: the fir tree-any thing made of the wood of that tree-a spear or javelin of that wood. Adversi: an adj. agreeing with cujus: right against opposite to-in front of. 666. Primùm interficit Eumenium natum 671 670. Tum interficit Lirin, Pagasumque supèr. Illi ruunt præcipites pariterque; quorum alter 675 678. Venator Ornytus fertur in ignotis 680 670. Super: in the sense of prætereà: beside-in addition to those before mentioned. 671. Revolutus: falling backward from his wounded horse, while, &c. 672. Labenti: to him falling-to his falling friend. 673. Pariter: at the same time-both at once fall to the ground. Ruunt: in the sense of cadunt. 674. Incumbens: in the sense of petens vel instans. The simple meaning of the expression is: she killed these men as they stood at a distance from her, with her jave. lins, thrown at them. Virgil had an admirable talent for varying his style and ex. pression. 678 Ignotis armis: arms that were strange and unusual to him. Iapyge, for Iapygio: an adj. from Iapyx, the son of Dedalus, who first settled in Apulia: Apulian.Fertur: rides along-moves on. 679. Cui in the sense of cujus. Juvenco: in the sense of tauro. This was some wild bull, killed by the hunter, in whose hide he had dressed himself. Pugnatori: put in apposition with juvenco. Heyne says, syl vestri-cum quo pugnaverat. 680. Ingens hiatus: lit. the large opening of the mouth, and the jaws of a wolf with white teeth, covered his head. His head was covered with the skin taken from the vertice Agrestisque manus armat sparus: ipse catervis 685 683. Suprà alios toto Vertitur in mediis, et toto vertice suprà est. Hunc illa exceptum; neque enim labor, agmine verso ; Trajicit, et super hæc inimico pectore fatur : enim neque erat labor Sylvis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putâsti? ei; ejus agmine Advenit qui vestra dies muliebribus armis 684. Camilla illa trajicit hunc exceptum ; 685. Super eum jaren- Verba redarguerit. Nomen tamen haud leve patrum Manibus hoc referes, telo cecidisse Camillæ. tem cit 687. Dies advenit, qui 692. Quà colla sedentis equo Protinùs Orsilochum et Buten, duo maxima Teucrûm Corpora: sed Buten adversum cuspide fixit. 631 690. Protinùs interfi ejus Loricam galeamque inter, quà colla sedentis 694. Illa fugiens Orsilochum fugiens, magnumque agitata per orbem, 695 Tum valida:n perque arma viro perque ossa securim, 700. Bellator filius Apenninicolæ bellator filius Auni, Auni Apenninicole, Haud Ligurum extremus, dum fallere fata sinebant. haud extremus Ligu- Isque, ubi se nullo jam cursu evadere pugnâ rum, dum fata sinebant eum fallere, incidit huic, Posse, neque instantem reginam avertere, cernit ; 707. Accinge te NOTES. head of a wolf, while his shoulders were covered with the hide of a wild bull. The former the hero wore for a helmet, the latter for a corslet. 682. Sparus a kind of rustic weapon. 683. Vertitur: in the sense of incedit vel movet. 684. Exceptum: in the sense of interceptum. Verso: routed-thrown into disorder. 688. Redarguerit: shall confute thy words. He had, perhaps, boasted of his valor. Nomen: honor-renown. 691. Adversum: opposite-right against her. Pierius found aversum in some of the best manuscripts; but the sense is in favor of adversum: the wound which he received was in the throat, inter loricam, galeamque, which could not have happened, if his back had been turned towards her. Heyne reads aversum. 694. Fugiens: the sense of this passage appears to be this: the queen, fleeing from Orsilochus, was pursued by him in a large circuit. Here she lost him in the crowd, (eludit,) that is, he lost sight of her, which was the object she had in view. Then turning about in a circle smaller, and on the inner side, (gyro interior,) she came in be hind him, who was supposing he was all the time in pursuit of her, and so became 700 705 the pursuer in turn. Coming up with lum, rising high to give her blows more effect, she drove her sturdy axe through, &c. 696. Viro: in the sense of viri. 698. Congeminat: Rumus says impingil. 699. Incidit huic: met her by chance. Hæsit: stood amazed at the sudden and unexpected sight. 701. Ligurum gen. of Ligures. These were a people of Italy, whose country was bounded on the north by the Apennines, and extended to the Tuscan sea on the south. Cato mentions them as notorious for their tricks and deception. To this trait of character the poet here alludes, in the words fallere. &c. Pugnâ: Heyne reads pugnæ. 703. Instantem: pressing upon him. 704. Ingressus: attempting to effect (put in practice) his tricks and deception, by stratagem and cunning, he says (incipil, these things. Rumus says, incipiens. 705. Forti: in the sense of celeri. 706. Dimitte fugam: dismiss your flightyour horse, which enables you to flee. Equo solo: on the lovel ground-equal terms with me. 708. Ventosa glorta: vain-empty boasting. Ventosa is used here with peculiar propriety- mere empty vaunting-light as Dixit. At illa furens, acrique accensa dolore, 710 715 7720 730 At non hæc nullis hominum sator atque Deorum 725 Observans oculis, summo sedet altus Olympo. Tyrrhenum genitor Tarchontem in prælia sæva Suscitat, et stimulis haud mollibus incitat iras. Ergò inter cædes cedentiaque agmina Tarchon Fertur equo, variisque instigat vocibus alas, Nomine quemque vocans; reficitque in prælia pulsos: Quis metus, ô nunquam dolituri, ô semper inertes Tyrrheni, quæ tanta animis ignavia venit? Fœmina palantes agit, atque hæc agmina vertit? Quò ferrum? quidve hæc gerimus tela irrita dextris ? NOTES. the wind. Fraudem: this is the common reading. It is the reading of the Roman MS., and for which Servius contents. Heyne reads laudem, but expresses a doubt upon it. Fraudem is to be taken in the sense of damnum detrimentum vel pœnam, which sometimes is the meaning of the word. If laudem be read, it may be taken in its usual acceptation. 709. Acri dolore: with keen resentment. 711. Resistit: this is the reading of Heyne. Ruæus and Davidson read assistit. The sense is the same with either. Purâ parmâ: with her shield which had no impress upon .t. The same as alba parma. Lib. ix. 548. Pedes: a footman-on foot. 713. Conversis habenis: his reins being turned. Here habenis is plainly put for the head of his horse. He turned his horse, and left her at full speed. 714. Ferrata calce: with his iron heel with his spurs. Fatigat: in the sense of impellit. 715. Ligus: gen. Liguris: deceitful Ligurian. 716. Lubricus: slippery-turning every way to answer his purposes of deception. 717. Perferet: in the sense of reducet. 718. Ignea transit: burning with ire, she with swift foot passes his horse in his course. 712. Ratus se vicisse eam dolo 721. Tam facilè quàm accipiter, ales sacer Marti volans ab alto saxo 725. At Jupiter, sator 727. Tum ille, genitor 731. Quemque homi nem 733. O Tyrrheni, nunquam dolituri, O semper inertes 735. Quò nos gerimus ferrum This action of Camilla would have been incredible, if we had not been previously prepared for something of the kind. See Lib. vii. 808. where her swiftness is described. Ignea: Valpy says, swift, or quick as lightning. Ruæus says, ardens. 719. Adversa: opposite-right against him, in front. 723. Pedibus: by this we are to understand the talons, or claws of the hawk, which are crooked, or bending: hence the propriety of uncis. Eviscerat: in the sense of dileniat. 725. Non nullis oculis: with some atten tion-regard. It implies, that he was attentively regarding the scenes that were passing upon the field of battle. 730. Alas: the light troops. See. 604, supra. 731. Reficit pulsos: he rallies and brings back the flying troops to the fight. Ruæus says, revocat. 732. Dolituri nunquam: never to feel resentment: a part. of the verb doleo. 735. Quò ferrum: for what intent-to what purpose do we bear the sword? Irrita: useless-unavailing in our hands. Tarchon is very severe upon the Tuscans, calling them stupid, and patient of insults and injuries. Ho alludes, perhaps, to the 736. At vos non estis At non in Venerem segnes, nocturnaque bella, segnos ante suum Aut, ubi curva choros indixit tibia Bacchi, 736 740 745 739. flic est vester (Hic amor, hoc studium) dum sacra secundus aruspex amor, hoc est vestrum Nuntiet, ac lucos vocet hostia pinguis in altos. Hæc effatus, equum in medios moriturus et ipse Concitat, et Venulo adversum se turbidus infert; Dereptumque ab equo dextrâ complectitur hostem, 744. Aufort Venulum Et gremium ante suum multâ vi concitus aufert. Tollitur in cœlum clamor, cunctique Latini Convertêre oculos. Volat igneus æquore Tarchon Arma virumque ferens: tum summâ ipsius ab hastâ Defringit ferrum, et partes rimatur apertas, Quà vulnus letale ferat. Contrà ille repugnans • Sustinet à jugulo dextram, et vim viribus exit. Utque volans altè raptum cùm fulva draconem Fert aquila, implicuitque pedes, atque unguibus hæsit: Saucius at serpens sinuosa volumina versat, Arrectisque horret squamis, et sibilat ore, 749. Ille Venulus 751. Utque cùm fulva aquila volans altè fert minùs 755. Illa aquila haud Arduus insurgens: illa haud minùs urget adunco NOTES. tameness with which they endured the tyranny of Mezentius, and patiently submitted to it till it became past endurance; and now they are not ashamed to turn their backs before a woman. Gerimus. This is the reading of Heyne, and is found in the best MSS. Rumus reads geritis. 736. Venerem: in the sense of voluptatem vel cupidinem. 737. Indixit: proclaimed-appointed. 739 Secundus: favorable-propitious.The person who predicted future events by inspecting the entrails of victims, was called arusper. When the auspices were favorable, he was called secundus. After the announcement of the auspices, the feast immediately followed. Sacra. Ruæus says sacrificia. Davidson, sacred rites. 742. Turbidus: in the sense of acer. 743. Complectitur: he grasps in his right hand. 744. Ante suum gremium: in the sense of ante se. 746. Igneus: in the sense of ardens. 748. Defringil ferrum: he breaks off the steel from the end of his spear, so that he could do him no injury. Rimatur: in the sense of quaril. Partes: the exposed part of his throat. 750. Exit: in the sense of avertit. It is here used actively. Sustinet: in the sense of repellit. 752. Hæsit: and griped him in his talons, 750 755 760 755. Urget: the more the snake struggles, and endeavors to extricate itself, the closer does the eagle gripe it in his talone and crooked beak: just so Tarchon bears off Venulus in his tenacious grasp. Tiburtum: the same with Venulum. He was commander, and a principal man among the Tiburtines. Their city was called Tibur, situated, some say, about twenty miles north of the place where Rome was afterwards built. It was founded by Tiburtus, the son of Amphiaraus. See Æn. vii. 630. 759. Mæonida: the Tuscans. They are here so called, because their ancestors removed from Moonia, a country of Asia Minor, and settled in Italy. Aruns debitus fatis: Aruns devoted to death. It is said of him, because he was to kill Camilla; and whoever killed her, forfeited his life to Diana, by a decree of that goddess. See 591, supra. Incurrunt: in the sense of irruunt. Fatis: in the sense of morti. 760. Circuit: he goes around Camilla, for the purpose of discovering some unprotected place, where he may give her a mortal wound. He follows her over the field of battle, and closely observes her movements; and continues unobserved by her, until the fatal moment arrived. She was in the pursuit of Chloreus, and intent upon his spoils, when Aruns, having observed a favorable opportunity to effect his purpose, threw his spear, and a god directed it to the naked |