363. Simul poscimus Turne, simul pacis solum inviolabile pignus. solum si Primus ego, invisum quem tu tibi fingis, et essc Aude, atque adversum fidens fer pectus in hostem. tibi Talibus exarsit dictis violentia Turni: 365 370 375 Dat gemitum, rumpitque has imo pectore voces: 380. Tu primus ades Primus ades: sed non replenda est curia verbis, Quæ tutò tibi magna volant; dum distinet hostem 383. Quod est solitum Proinde tona eloquio, solitum tibi; meque timoris 387. Licet ut tu ex- Experiare licet: nec longè scilicet hostes periare eam Quærendi nobis: circumstant undique muros. NOTES. 369. Adeò cordi: for such a delight to thee. Dotalis: given in dowry. Any property, or inheritance, belonging to a woman at the time of her marriage, may be called dotalis. Lavinia was the only child of Latinus, and the heiress of his kingdom. Should Turnus marry her, he would possess the palace and throne, in right of his wife. 370. Aude: have courage-play the hero. Adversum: in front-right against. It agrees with pectus. 371. Ut regia conjur: that a royal spouse may fall to Turnus, we vulgar souls, &c. This is extremely severe, and sarcastic. 374. Martis: in the sense of fortitudinis. Drances concludes, by observing that, if Turnus was that hero represented, and if he possessed any of his country's valor, he would meet Æneas, hand to hand, who had given already the challenge. In this dis 380 385 390 pute, the poet shows himself a perfect master of artful and elegant abuse. In these speeches of Drances and Turnus, there are some fine specimens of eloquence, not excelled even by the great masters of the art. Aspice illum: look him in the face-meet him face to face. 376. Violentia: in the sense of ira. Valpy says, violentia Turni, is to be taken for Turnus himself. 378. Larga copia fandi: great fluency of speech-a copious profusion of words. Manus, here, means action, in opposition to mere words. 381. Magna: in great abundance-in torrents. 382. Agger: ramparts, or bulwarks. 384. Quando tua: since thy right hand hath made so many heaps, &c. This is keen irony. Stragis. Strages is properly slaughter: also the bodies of the slain. Ruæus says, cadaverum Trojanorum. 386. Insignis: you adorn, or decorate the fields, &c. 389. Adversos: in the sense of hostes. Mavors: a name of Mars: here used for courage, or valor. Tibi: in the sense of tuus: 395 Pulsus ego? aut quisquam meritò, fœdissime, pulsum Amnis et Hadriacas retrò fugit Aufidus undas! Vel cùm se pavidum contra mea jurgia fingit Artificis scelus, et formidine crimen acerbat. 400 405 mo 392. O fœdissime ho 396. Haud ita experti sunt; et mille alii, quos in uno die ego victor 402. Contrà ne cessa 405. Amnis Aufidus, versus retrò 407. Sua formidine Nunquam animam talem dextrâ hâc, absiste moveri, Nunc ad te, et tua, magne pater, consulta revertor. 410 NOTES. will thy valor always consist in, &c. For Mavors, Ruæus says, fortitudo. 393. Arguet pulsum. Turnus here vindicates himself from the charge of being vanquished, made by Drances: Who will accuse me of being beaten, that shall see the swollen Tyber, &c. Arguet: in the sense of dicet. Rumus says, accusabit. Esse vel fuisse is understood with pulsum. 394. Tolam domum: and the whole family of Evander, with his race, to be prostrated. Pallas was the only son of Evander, and as far as we know, his only child. In his death, then, the family and race became extinct. 396. Bilias et Pindarus. These were two brothers of gigantic stature, whom Turnus slew, at the time of his entering the Trojan camp. See En. ix. 672, et sequens. 403. Proceres: the Grecian chiefs. Agamemnon and Menelaus may be more particularly alluded to. Myrmidonum. These were the troops of Achilles. By synec. put for the Greeks in general. 405. Aufidus. A river rising in the Apennines, and in the territories of the Hirpini, and passing through Apulia, Daunia, and Peucetia, falls into the Adriatic sea. This river fled back, as if affrighted at the sight of the Trojan fleet, and ceased to flow in its usual course. Such is the language of the miscreant Drances, in extolling the Trojans, and spreading the terror of their name, even when, &c. These, or some other of the same import, are requisite to connect the subject, and make sense. Fugit: flowed back-fled back from. Hadriacas: an adj. from Hadria. 406. Jurgia mea: my menaces, or threats. Fingit: in the sense of simulat. 399. Dardanio capiti: to the Trojan chief: simply, to the Trojan. Caput: the head, by syncc. is frequently put for the whole body, or person. Cane: proclaim-declare. 407. Scelus artificis: that base villain Drances appears to have been at the head Such was the depravity of his character of the Latin party, which favored the Tro- that he was baseness and wickedness itself jan interest in opposition to Turnus. By This form of expression is common with the tuis rebus, we are to understand this party poet. It is usually rendered by the corresat Latium, or the Trojans themselves, his pondent adjective, with which the following friends. word is made to agree. Rumus says, ille scelestus accusator. Valpy says, artifex sceleris. Crimen: in the sense of accusationem. 409. Isto pectore: in that bosom of thine. This is said by way of contempt. 402. Gentis bis victœ: of the nation twice conquered. Turnus considers that he had already subdued the Trojans; and the Greeks had done the same thing before, on the plains of Troy. And indeed, it appears, he had greatly the advantage over them, during the absence of Eneas. 413. Funditùs: we are utterly ruined. For occidimus, Ruœus says perimus. Regressum: return. Oremus pacem, et dextras tendamus inermes. 416. ¶llo videretur mi- Ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum, hi ante alios Egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale videret, 422. Si sunt illis sua 423. Curnos indecores 424. Nastros artus Non erit auxilio nobis Ætolus, et Arpi? At Messapus erit, felixque Tolumnius, et quos 431. Homines delectos è Gloria delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris. 438. Contra Enean; Licet ille præstet se vel 439. Paria armis Achillis Est et Volscorum egregiâ de gente Camilla, 415 420 425 430 425 441. Ego Turnus de- Ille licèt. Vobis animam hanc, soceroque Latino, 440 vovi hanc 442. Me solum Turnus ego, haud ulli veterum virtute secundus, NOTES. 416. Fortunatus: happy in his toils-labors. A Greek idiom. So also egregius animi: illustrious-heroic in soul. Rumus says, præstans vertute. 433. Florentes ære: shining-gleaming in brass. 436. Victoria non adeò. On many of the old coins, are to be seen persons holding 419. Intacta: fresh-that hath not been victory in one hand. To this circumstance, engaged in action. 420. Populi: nations. 422. Tempestas par: an equal storm of war on both sides. Ruæus says, par clades. By per omnes, we may understand both sides, the Trojans and Italians. 424. Ante tubam: before the trumpet sound. 425. Dies: in the sense of tempus. Mutabilis ævi: of changing or revolving years. Retulit multa: changes many things, &c. Ruæus says, vertit. Labor: change-vicissitude-revolution. Ruæus says, motus. 426. Fortuna alterna: fortune revisiting men alternately, hath deceived many played an unexpected game with them, and again, &c. Alterna: in the sense of allernis. 428. Etolus: the Etolian (namely) Di. omede; who was by birth an Etolian, and at that time, reigned over the city Arpi. 429. Tolumnius. He was an augur, and foretold the success of the war, and thereby animated the troops. He, therefore, is called felix. Mr. Addison conjectures, the poet here alludes. Exosa here is to be taken actively. Victory, disdaining his hand so much, had not abandoned him, that he would refuse. &c. This speech of Turnus is of the noblest character, and shows him to be the real soldier. It is very different from that of the envious and cowardly Drances. 437. Tanta spe: in the hope of victoryor the hope of obtaining the prize of victory; a royal bride. vel repræsentet. Animis: courage—confi438. Præstet: in the sense of exhibeat, dence of victory. 439. Paria arma: arms equal to those of Achilles, and made by the hands of Vulcan. Turnus was at this time ignorant that Eneas actually possessed armor made by Vulcan. 441. Haud secundus: not inferior-not second to any of his illustrious ancestors in valor. Veterum in the sense of majorum. Nec Drances potiùs, sive est hæc ira Deorum, 445 449. Dicens Toucros 450 instructos acie, Tyrrhenumque Illi hæc inter se dubiis de rebus agebant Immò, ait, ô cives, arrepto tempore, Turnus, NOTES. 443. Nec Drances. The meaning of these two lines, is this: that Drances should not die; whether the vengeance of the gods required that one of them should perish; or, whether valor and glory were the result of the contest, he should not bear off the prize of victory. Mr. Dryden has expressed the same sentiment: Drances shall rest secure, and neither share Though Turnus had somewhat recovered his temper, during the time of his addressing the king, yet he could not conclude, without giving Drances this severe stroke. 444. Luat morte: atone by his death: that is, lose his life. If one of them must die, Turnus chose rather to be the one himself. 445. Agebant: in the sense of dicebant. 449. Acie: in order of battle-in battle array. Stimulis: im 452. Arrecta: aroused. pulse. 453. Trepidi: quick-in haste. Fremit: in the sense of flagitat. 454. Patres: the senators. The council of state. Mussant: repine-grieve. 455. Dissensu: disagreement-discord ance. 455 460 451. Turbati sunt 456. Cùm fortè caterve avium consedêre in alto luco; rauci-ve cycni dant sonitum piscoso-ve 464. Messapus et Co465 ras cum fratre, vos, diffundite equitem 470 463. Maniplis: in the sense of turmis. Edice: in the sense of jube, vel impera. 464. Equilem: the cavalry-horsemen in general. This is the reading of Heyne. Ruæus says, equites. Mess.pus-Coras. These are in the nom. for the voc. after the Greek idiom. 465. Diffundite: lead out-draw up the cavalry in arms. 467. Cætera manus: let the other troops, &c. Jusso: for jussero, by syn. 470. Deserit: in the sense of relinquit vel abrumpit. Latinus, alarmed at the dismal crisis of his affairs, gives up his plan of conciliation, and again relies upon defen sive measures. est causa 480. Dejecta quoad decoros 487. Ille indutus quoad Dardanium Eneam, generumque asciverit urbi. Nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces 479. Lavinia virgo est Dona ferens: juxtàque comes Lavinia virgo, Rutulum 489. Ille nudus adhuc quoad 492. Talis qualis equus, ubi fugit præsepia, vinelis abruptis, tandem liber equarum ; 498. Cui, nempe, Turno, Luxurians; luduntque jubæ per colla, per armos. Obvia cui, Volscorum acie comitante, Camilla Camilla, acie NOTES. 475. Variâ coronâ: in various companies, or troops. They manned the walls in various parts. So universal was the sense of danger, that all who were capable of making resistance, took up arms. The last struggle, the ultimus labor, called upon every one to unite in making what resistance they could, in aid of the regular forces. Corona: a company, or body of men, standing around in the form of a circle or ring, was called corona. Here taken for the troops in general. 481. Vaporant: perfume. 483. Armipotens præses: O! powerful patroness of war, &c. This prayer is taken from Homer, Iliad 17, where the Trojan matrons invoke the aid of Pallas against Diomede. It is almost a literal version of the Greek, which Mr. Pope hath elegantly rendered into English: Oh, awful Goddess! ever dreadful maid, aid; Prone on the dust, before the Trojan wall. 475 480 485 490 495 484. Prædonis. She calls Eneas a robber, in allusion to the conduct of Paris, at the court of Menelaus. 485. Effude: rout him-break in pieces his power under, &c. 488. Ahenis squamis: in his brazen armor. Squama: the plates in a coat of mail, which in some degree resembled the scales of a fish. By meton. the corslet, or coat of mail itself: and hence, by synec. armor in general. Horrebat: in the sense of lucebat horrificè. Incluserat suras: he had bound his legs in gold. He had put on his golden sandals. Any thing made of gold may be called aurum. 491. Præcipit: in the sense of præoccupat. 496. Emicat: he springs forth. Ruæus says, exilit. Fremit: neighs. Altè may be connected either with arrectis, or luxurians. This last is used in the sense of exsultans. 498. Acie Volscorum: the troops of the Volsci accompanying her. Acies: properly an army in order of battle; sometimes it is put for troops in general. Here Virgil gives an instance of the high respect, that was anciently paid to the general of an army. Camilla, though a queen, leaps from her horse, to do Turnus honor; and all her troops follow her example. This speech of |