Sic ait, atque oculos Rutulorum rejicit arvis. 476. Illa hasta volans Illa volans, humeris surgunt quà tegmina summa, incidit, quà summa Incidit, atque viam clypei molita per oras, Tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni. Hic Turnus ferro præfixum robur acuto In Pallanta diu librans jacit, atque ita fatur: Aspice, num magè sit nostrum penetrabile telum. 482. Ac cuspis teli Dixerat: at clypeum, tot ferri terga, tot æris, transverberat medium Cùm pellis toties obeat circumdata tauri, clypeum vibranti ictu, Vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictu, tot terga ferri, tot æris, cùm pellis tauri circum- Loricæque moras, et pectus perforat ingens. data toties obeat eum, Ille rapit calidum frustrà de vulnere telum : perforatque moras Unâ eâdemque viâ sanguisque animusque sequuntur. 486. Ille Pallas frustrà Corruit in vulnus; sonitum super arma dedêre ; 488. Arma dedêre so- Et terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento. nitum super eum. Quem Turnus super assistens : Arcades, hæc, inquit, memores mea dicta referte 492. Remitto filium Evandro: qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto. Pallanta ei fœdè 475 480 485 490 495 495. Et fatus talia Quisquis honos tumuli, quicquid solamen humandi est, pressit eum exanimem Largior. Haud illi stabunt Æneïa parvo 497. Nefasque impres- Hospitia. Et lævo pressit pede, talia fatus, sum in eo, nempe, ma- Exanimem, rapiens immania pondera baltei, nus juvenum cæsa fuerit Impressumque nefas; unâ sub nocte jugali 501. O mens hominum Cæsa manus juvenum fœdè, thalamique cruenti; Quæ bonus Eurytion multo cælaverat auro : 503. Cùm optaverit Quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio, gaudetque potitus. se emptum esse magno Nescia mens hominum fati, sortisque futuræ, pretio Pallanta intactum Et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis! nescia esse 504. Diemque, quò Turno tempus erit, magno cùm optaverit emptum interfecit eum. Intactum Pallanta; et cùm spolia ista diemque NOTES. 473. Rejicit oculos: he turned his eyes from, &c. that he might not behold a death, which he would have prevented, but was not able. Ruæus interprets the words by retulit oculos ad campos. Heyne says, jacit retrò avertit. 477. Molita viam: opening, or making a way for itself, &c. A part. agreeing with hasta, understood. 478. Strinxit: it glanced from, &c. It hit his body, but did not wound him. 479. Robur: a dart, or javelin. Magè, for magis. 481. Penetrabile: penetrating. Adjectives of this form are generally passive in their signification. There are some few instances of their being used in an active sense. This is one of them. 482. Terga: in the sense of lamina: so many plates of iron, so many, &c. The spear of Turnus passed through (transverberat) the middle of his shield, which was composed of so many plates, &c. 483, Cùm: in the sense of quamvis. Obeat 500 circumdata: simply, for circumdatur. Or, circumdata may be taken in the sense of complicata: folded up-doubled. 485. Moras: any thing that prevents-a stop or hindrance. It is here used for the folds and texture of the coat of mail. 490. Assistens: in the sense of stans. 493. Humandi: a gerund in di, in the sense of humationis vel sepulchri. 494. Largior: I freely bestow, or grant it. Ruæus says, concedo. 497. Sub una jugali nocte, &c. The story of the daughters of Danaus, who murdered their husbands in the night of their marriage, is here meant. See nom. prop. under Danaïdes. 499. Eurytion. The name of some artificer. The belt of Pallas was covered or overlaid with gold; in which this horrid crime was carved or engraven. Bonus: skilful. Nefas: any great or horrid crime; also, a wicked or odious person. 502. Modum: moderation-bounds. Oderit. At socii multo gemitu lachrymisque Nec jam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor Inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam : Vertitur: haud anima una dabit discrimina tanta. NOTES. 506. Referunt: his friends gathering in crowds, (frequentes) carry his body from the field of battle. 507. O dolor, &c. This is an exclamation either of the poet, or of his companions, bearing away the dead body, with a view to the grief of Evander when he should hear of the death of his son. But his grief would be in some measure lightened by the consideration of his distinguished actions. 510. Auctor: in the sense of nuntius. Certior: in the sense of certus. Fama: a report or rumor. 511. Tenui discrimine: in a small distance-in great hazard of. Modico interstitio mortis, says Servius. Parùm distare ab exilio, Bays Rumus. 512. Suos socios is understood. Tempus: esse is understood. 514. Agit: in the sense of facit: he cuts down-forces with his sword, &c. 519. Umbris: the plu. for umbrâ in the sing, as in En. v. 81, which see. Inferias: offerings to the dead. These were poured upon, or into the grave. They were milk, honey, wine, &c. Upon these, it was supposed, the umbra feasted. 120. Perfundat: might wet, or sprinkle. 521. Contenderat : in the sense of mittebat. 522. Subit: he stoops. Astu: with dexterity. 524. Per patrios manes, &c. This address of Magus is imitated from Homer, Iliad vi. where Adrastus supplicates Agamemnon. But the Roman poet has much improved upon the Greek. Mr. Pope observes, that nothing could be a more artful piece of address than the first lines of this supplication, when we consider the character of Eneas, to whom it was made: per patrios Manes, &c. 526. Defossa penitùs: buried deep in the earth. 527. Pondera: masses: plu. of pondus. Auri facti. By this we are to understand, gold wrought into vases, statues, &c. Auri infecti: of bullion-gold unwrought. Cœlati: of embossed silver-silver carved or wrought into vases. ence. 529. Tanta discrimina: so great differThe victory of the Trojans does not turn upon this point (htc.) My life can make no great difference; beside, you shall be abundantly rewarded for your clemency in doing it. 532. Ista commercia: those terms or conditions. Ista pacta belli, says Rumus. 534. Manes patris An- Hoc patris Anchisa Manes, hoc sentit Iülus. Sic fatus, galeam lævâ tenet; atque reflexâ chise sentiunt 536. Abdidit ensem Cervice, orantis capulo tenus abdidit ensem. tenus capulo in corpus Nec procul Æmonides, Phabi Triviæque sacerdos, ejus orantis. Nec erat Infula cui sacrâ redimibat tempora vittâ, Emonides procul, brâ mortis. Totus collucens veste atque insignibus armis. Quem congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans 541. Ingentique um- Immolat, ingentique umbrâ tegit: arma Serestus Lecta refert humeris, tibi, rex Gradive, trophæum. Instaurant acies, Vulcani stirpe creatus Cæculus, et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro. Anxuris ense sinistram, 545. Umbro dejecerat Dardanides contrà furit. sinistram Anxuris ense, Et totum clypei ferro dejecerat orbem. et totum Dixerat ille aliquid magnum, vimque affore verbo 535 539 545 550 555 560 Protinùs Antæum et Lycam, prima agmina Turni, Persequitur fortemque Numam, fulvumque Camertem, Magnanimo Volscente satum; ditissimus agri NOTES. 538. Infula. This was a sort of diadem worn by priests and illustrious persons. The villa was a kind of label or fillet, that hung down from the infula, on each sido. Cui: in the sense of cujus. 540. Congressus: engaging, or meeting: a part. agreeing with Eneas. 541. Ingenti umbrâ: with the shades of death an everlasting shade. Ruæus says, magnis tenebris. Davidson says, "with the deep shades of death." Heyne thinks it refers to the shield and body of Æneas; which is a very singular interpretation. Superstans ingenti umbrâ legit, says hc. Tegit: in the sense of opprimit. 542. Arma lecta: his arms gathered up, to be a trophy to thee, O Mars, king of war. Gradivus, a name of Mars. 543. Acies: in the sense of pugnam. 545. Dardanides: Eneas. 546. Dejeceral: Umbro had cut off the left arm of Anxur just as Æneas came up. He had thrown down his left arm, and with it his shield fell to the ground. This, and some other embarrassed sentences, occur, particularly in this book, which plainly show that Virgil had not put the finishing hand to the Æneid. Totum orbem clypei: simply, the whole shield. 547. Vim: force-efficacy. Aliquid magпит. He had repeated some spell or incantation, which he hoped would prove efficacious against the darts of Eneas, and therefore he made head against him. Davidson says, "some mighty spell he had pronounced." Rumus observes: magicis quibusdam consecrationibus et carminibus adversùs vulnera se munierat. Germanus, and some others think magicum should be read in the place of magnum. 551. Sylvicola: the dat. agreeing with Fauno: an inhabitant of the woods. Of sylva and colo. Creâral: in the sense of pepereral. 553. Hasta reductâ: his spear being drawn back, that he might throw it from him with greater force. Impedit: he encumbers, or renders useless to him, his corslet, &c. because his spear remained fast in them. 561. Prima agmina: the chief or principal leaders. They were so valiant, they were a host themselves. Heyne says, qui pugnant ante ordines vel qui in prima acie. Qui fuit Ausonidûm, et tacitis regnavit Amyclis. In medios, fraterque Liger: sed frater habenis Cui Liger: Non Diomedis equos, non currum cernis Achillis, Dicta volant Ligeri: sed non et Troïus heros Dicta parat contrà; jaculum nam torquet in hostem. 586 Lucagus ut pronus pendens in verbera telo NOTES. 564. Ausonidûm: gen. plu. for Ausonidarum, by syn. The Ausones were among the early inhabitants of Italy. Tacitis Amyclis. Amyola was a city of Latium, near Terracina, which is said to have perished through silence. The city having been frequently thrown into confusion by false alarms, at length a law was made that none of its inhabitants should mention the approach of an enemy. So that, when an enemy actually advanced against the city, it was suddenly destroyed for want of timely intelligence. Servius assigns another reason for the singular epithet of tacitæ. He observes, they held the doctrires of Pythagoras, which forbade them to offer any violence to serpents, and enjoined, at the same time, a silence of five years. At a time, a host of serpents issued from a lake near the city; the inhabitants refusing to attack them, fell a prey to them. ra. 565. Egaon: the son of Calus and TerThe same as Briarens. 568. Tol paribus clypeis. It is generally thought these words imply, that the number of his shields was equal to his arms or hands. But it is difficult to conceive how that could be. The warrior carried a shield only on his left arm; and with his right hand he wielded the sword, the javelin, &c.. His shields and swords (enses,) doubtless, equalled together the number of his hands. But paribus may mean that they were all of equal size and shape. Streperet: in the sense of sonabat. 570. Ut semel: when once his sword, &c. Mucro: properly, the point of the sword, by synec. the whole sword. 571. Adversa pectora. By these words, we are to understand the breasts of the steeds, rather than the breast of the charioteer Niphæus. It gives us a higher idea of the courage of Eneas, who dared to stand against, and oppose the course of these horses. 572. Dirà: an adj. of the neu. plu. used as an adv. in imitation of the Greeks. 574. Effundunt: they throw out the dri ver. 575. Bijugis: bijugi is, properly, a pair of horses harnessed: by meton. the carriage in which they are harnessed. Of bis and jugum. Lucagus was drawn in a chariot by a pair of white horses. 578. Fervore: heat-violence. 583. His terris: on this spot-in this place. 584. Vesano Ligeri: from insolent Liger. Liger is declined like nouns of the third declension, some of which make the abl. in i, as well as in e. Et: also. 587. Admonuit: goaded on his horses with a dart-the point of his javelin, or dart. Ruæus says, excitavit. 593. Vertêre cos Excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis ; 594. Tu ipse saliens Ipse rotis saliens juga deseris. rotis 690 595 Arripuit bijugos. Frater tendebat inermes Infelix palmas, curru delapsus eodem: 597. Oro per te, per Per te, per qui te talem genuêre parentes, parentes, qui Vir Trojane, sine hanc animam, et miserere precantis. 599. Eneas respondit Pluribus oranti Æneas: Haud talia dudum illi oranti pluribus verbis 600. Tu frater ne de- Dicta dabas: morere, et fratrem ne desere frater. Tum, latebras animæ, pectus mucrone recludit. sere Talia per campos edebat funera ductor 600 More furens. Tandem erumpunt, et castra relinquunt 605 O germana, mihi atque eadem gratissima conjux ! 609. Non est illis viris Trojanas sustentat opes! non vivida bello dextra Dextra viris, animusque ferox, patiensque perîcli! Cui Juno submissa: Quid, & pulcherrime conjux, Sollicitas ægram, et tua tristia dicta timentem? 613. Si foret mihi Si mihi, quæ quondam fuerat, quamque esse decebat, eadem vis in amore, quæ Vis in amore foret! non hoc mihi namque negares Omnipotens; quin et pugnæ subducere Turnum, NOTES. 590. Excussus: thrown-tost from his chariot. 591. Pius Æneas. Dr. Trapp observes the epithet pius seems a little incongruous, while he is insulting a fallen enemy. Some soldier-like epithet would seem much more proper for our hero on this occasion. But he is avenging the death of his friend Pallas, who had just been slain; and among the heathen, that was looked upon as an act of piety. 592. Lucage: Mr. Davidson observes, this is a very poor sentiment, an ill-timed affectation of wit, unworthy both of the poet and the hero. Virgil appears to have been led into it, from an over fondness for Homer. Nulla segnis: no slow flight of your horses, &c. 594. Juga: properly the yoke: here, the chariot. Sometimes, also, the horses, by meton. 598. Sine: spare, or save this life. In the sense of parce. Ruæus says, omitte. 601. Latebras anima: the seat of life. Faeus says, quo latet anima. Latebras is put in apposition with pectus. 607. Conjux. Juno was both the sister, and wife of love. Conjux is both a husband, and wife. 610 615 611. Submissa: humble-submissive. 612. Ægram: afflicted-full of grief. The pron. me, is understood. 613. Si foret mihi vis : 0, that there were the same force in my love-O, that I had the same influence over thy affections, &c. but I have lost it; for otherwise, thou wouldst not deny me this. 616. Possem: I would be able-I could desire to have power, &c. 617. Pereat: now he must perish, and make retribution, &c. This is said by Juno with a degree of indignation, that the favorite of Venus should thus prevail, and that the daughter should have more influence with Jove than the wife. Davidson renders the words det pœnas: "let him glut the vengeance of the Trojans with his pious blood." His blood |