655 660 665 Concedit laudem, et paribus non invidet armis. NOTES. 655. Paribus armis. Apollo, when a child, killed the serpent Python in defence of his mother, as Ascanius does here Numanus in defence of his country. Dr. Trapp thinks paribus is to be taken in a qualified sense: not equal skill or glory in arms, but of the like kind or sort of art in arms: for it can hardly be supposed that he would compliment a boy to the dishonor of himself. 656. Cætera parce: hereafter, boy, abstain from fight-as to what remains, abstain, &c. Orsus: having thus said: a part. of the verb ordior. Catera: in the sense of cæterùm vel cæterò. 659. Dardanidæ proceres: the Trojan nobles, or chiefs. Dardanida: a sub. used adjectively. 663. Mittunt animas: they expose their lives, &c. Succedunt: in the sense of redeunt. 665. Amenta. These were properly a kind of thongs, tied to javelins, by which they were darted out of the hand. They served to direct the weapon with more certainty. The armenta here appears to be used for the darts or javelins themselves; by meton. Acres: elastic. 667. Flictu: in the sense of conflictu. 668. Hadis. The hædi, or kids, are two stars in the constellation Auriga, just below his shoulder. The rising and setting of 668. Quantus imber veniens pluvialibus hœ670 dis ab occasu solis 675 675. Quæ commissa erat ipsis imperio 678. Et corusci quoad alta capita cristis. Tales quales geminæ aèria 680 quercus consurgunt which were thought to influence the weather, and render it rainy. Veniens: arising through the influence of the rainy kids. 670. Jupiter in the sense of aër. Horridus: black-deeply impregnated with vapor. In vada: upon the sca. Ruæus says, in mare. 672. Ideo: an adj. from Ida, a mountain of Phrygia. 674. Juvenes æquos: youths equal to their paternal oaks and mountains. This is an hyperbole to denote their great size and strength. It is said they were brought up by Hiera. Turnebus conjectures it should be Hyana, which is a beast resembling a wolf; because it is said that Romulus was brought up by a wolf. Abietibus et montibus: the same as abietibus montanis, by hend. 675. Recludunt: in the sense of aperiunt. 676. Invitant: they invite--challenge. They stand in the entrance of the gate, and defy the enemy. 677. Pro turribus: like towers-in the room or place of towers: or perhaps before the towers. 680. Padi. Padus or Eridanus, the Po, a well known river of Italy, of considerable magnitude. Athesim. This river rises in the Alps, passes through Venice, and falls into the Adriatic, not far from the mouth of the Po. Consurgunt geminæ quercus, intonsaque cœlo 686. Totis agminibus Agminibus totis aut versi terga dedêre, 685 hostium Aut ipso portæ posuere in limine vitam. 690 695 Et conferre manum, et procurrere longiùs audent. Ductori Turno diversâ in parte furenti, Turbantique viros, perfertur nuntius, hostem Fervere cæde novâ, et portas præbere patentes. Deserit inceptum, atque immani concitus irâ Dardaniam ruit ad portam, fratresque superbos. 696. Et primum, ja- Et primùm Antiphaten, is enim se primus agebat, culo conjecto, sternit Thebanâ de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti, Antiphaten, nothum alti Sarpedonis de Thebana Conjecto sternit jaculo. Volat Itala cornus Aëra per tenuem, stomachoque infixa sub altum Pectus abit: reddit specus atri vulneris undam Spumantem, et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit. Tum Meropem atque Erymantha manu; tum sternit Aphydnum : matre, enim tian 703. Tum sternit Bi- Tum Bitian ardentem oculis, animisque frementem, Non jaculo; neque enim jaculo vitam ille dedisset; Sed magnùm stridens contorta falarica venit, NOTES. 681. Geminæ aëriæ quercus: as two aërial oaks rise around, &c. This is a fine simile. It is taken from Hamer, Iliad xi. 685. Præceps. Ruæus says, temerarius. 688. Tum iræ: then rage increases more and more in the hostile minds of the Trojans. Discordibus: in the sense of hostilibus. Rumus says, infensis. 690. Conferre manum: to engage in close combat: a phrase. 692. Turbanti: routing-driving before him. 693. Fervere: rage with uncommon slaughter. Fervere signifies to be hot-to be busily engaged also, to rage. Nova: uncommon-unusual. Rumus says, recenti. But he takes fervere, in the sense of animari: to be animated-encouraged. Præbere: in the sense of offerre vel dare. 694. Deserit: in the sense of relinquit. 695. Superbos fratres: Pandarus and Bitias, mentioned above, the sons of Alcanor. 696. Agebat se: presented himself took himself along. 697. Sarpedonis. Sarpedon was the reputed son of Jupiter. Hence the epithet alti, high, or nobly born. He was king of Lycia, and assisted Priam against the Greeks. Thebana: an adj. from Thebes. There were several cities of that name; one in Egypt, one in Beatis, and one in Thessaly. The 700 705 one here alluded to was in Asia Minor: the sovereignty of which was long disputed between the Lydians and Mysians. Nothum: an illegitimate son. 698. Cornus: the corneil-tree-also, a javelin or dart made of the wood of that tree, by meton. 700. Specus atri vulneris: the cavity of the dark wound emits, &c. Specus is properly a den or cave, which is usually dark and gloomy. This idea the poet transfers to the wound made by the javelin of Turnus. Some copies have sanguinis in the room of vulneris. In this case, atri sanguinis must be governed by undam, and not by specus; which would signify the wound itself. The common reading is vulneris. Valpy takes specus for the wound itself-the gaping wound. Undam: a stream-tide of blood. Reddit: in the sense of emittit. 701. Fixo: in the sense of transfixo. 703. Ardentem: flashing fire with his eyes. 704. Non jaculo enim, &c. The meaning of this line is: that Turnus did not kill him with an ordinary javelin, for he would not have yielded his life to a javelin—it would have had no effect on him. The others he killed with his hand with an ordinary weapon. 705. Falarica. This was an oblong kind of javelin, bound about with wild fire. It was usually shot out of an engine against Fulminis actá modo; quam nec duo taurea terga, Hic Mars armipotens animum viresque Latinis Pandarus, ut fuso germanum corpore cernit, NOTES. wooden towers for the purpose of setting them on fire. To show the prodigious strength of Turnus, the poet intimates that it was cast by him. To express the rapidity of its flight, he says, it flew like a thunder-bolt: modo fulminis. 706. Acta driven-sent. Modo: in the sense of more. 707. Duplici squamâ. The plates of a coat of mail were called squama, from their resemblance to scales. Squama et auro: for aurea squama, by hend. Fidelis: trustyfaithful. It had hitherto protected him in danger. 708. Ruunt: in the sense of cadunt, Collapsa: failing-losing their strength. 709. Intonat, &c. These words may be rendered: he, falling upon his mighty shield, thunders; or, his mighty shield falling upon him, &c. Clypeum: the same with clypeus. This passage is imitated from Homer, Iliad v. 42. 710. Euboico litore Baiarum. Baie was a place in Campania, famous for its fountains of warm water, situated in the upper part of the Sinus Neapolitanus, near the promontory Misenus. A colony from Chalcis, on the island Eubea, hodie, Negropont, founded the city Cuma, not far from this place. Hence the shore is called Eubœan. Qualis, &c. The meaning is: that Betias fell like a mass of rocks, which had been built up to a great height, and cast into the sea, for the purpose of forming a dam or barrier to the water. 711. Molibus: for a dam or pier. 713. Prona; in the sense of cadens. Illisa: dashing upon the water. Penitùs in the sense of profunde. Recumbit: it sinks deep to the bottom-it rests, &c. This, to us, would be a novel way of making a dam or pier in the water. 714. Miscent se: in the sense of turbantur. 715. Prochyta: an island lying to the south of the promontory Misenus, and formerly separated from the main land, by an earthquake, according to Pliny. Its name is of Greek origin. Hodie, Procida. Alta: high, in reference to its surface. Or, alta may be taken in the sense of altè vel profunde. Ruæus says, intima. Heyne observes, that alta may be considered as an epithet proper for all islands, inasmuch as they are elevated or raised above the sea, or surface of the water: alla, epitheton commune omnium insularum, quatenùs mari eminent. 716. Inarime. This is a high and elevated island, laying to the west of Prochyta. This passage is taken from Homer, Iliad ii. 283. Typhoo. Typhous was one of the giants that attempted to scale heaven, and was signally punished by Jove for the audacious attempt. ( 718. Vertit acres: he turns his sharp spurs under their breast. This is a metaphor taken from the application of the spur to the sides of the horse, to increase his speed and courage. 719. Atrum in the sense of horridum : grim-ghastly. 720. Copia: in the sense of opportunitas, 721. Incidit: in the sense of subiit vel illabitur." 722. Corpere fuso: with his body stretched on the ground. Ut: in the sense of quando. 723. Casus: misfortune-danger. Agat: attends their affairs-rules-governs. Ruus says, impellat. 724. Torquet: he shuts the gate. 787. Non miseretque pudetque vos, O segnes, Quos alios muros, quæ jam ultrà mœnia habetis? infelicis 789. Turnus paulatim incipit 791. Teucri incipiunt acrius hộc Asper, acerbà tuens, retrò redit: et neque terga 795. Nec ille est potis 785 790 795 Haud aliter retrò dubius vestigia Turnus 900 Sed manus è castris properè coit omnis in unum 803. Sufficere vires e Sufficere: aëriam cœlo nam Jupiter Irim contra Teucros. Demisit, germanæ haud mollia jussa ferentem; Ni Turnus cedat Teucrorum manibus altis. 806. Ergò juvenis Ergò nec clypeo juvenis subsistere tantum, valet subsistere tantum Nec dextrâ valet: injectis sic undique telis impetum, nec clypeo, Obruitur. Strepit assiduo cava tempora circum Tinnitu galea, et saxis solida æra fatiscunt: 810. Jubæ sunt dis- Discussæque jubæ capiti; nec sufficit'umbo Ictibus: ingeminant hastis et Troës, et ipse Fulmineus Mnestheus. Tum toto corpore sudor nec dextrâ cussæ NOTES. is a bitter sarcasm. It implies that they had already fled into their camp, and shut themselves up through fear, within their intrenchments. Tenditis: in the sense of ibitis. 784. Aggeribus: in the sense of muris. 785. Ediderit: in the sense of effecerit. 787. Segnes: cowards. Ruæus says, O, inertes. It is better to consider segnes, as the voc. than the acc. agreeing with vos understood, and governed by the verbs miseret and pudet. It is more animated, and more in the spirit of address. 788. Firmantur: in the sense of animantur. By these words of Mnestheus the Trojans were encouraged, and rallied; and again returned to the attack. 790. Partem: the part of the walls which was bounded by the river. 791. Hốc acrius, &c. This retreat of Turnus gave courage to the Trojans, who began to press upon him more closely, and to form a band about him with a view to surround him, and take him prisoner. 792. Turba: a company of hunters. 805 810 794. Acerbà: an adj. neu. plu. taken as an adverb. This is common among the poets. Tuens, a part. of tueor: looking fiercely. 795. Tendere contrà: to go forward. 798. Improperata: slow-deliberate. Of in, negativum, and properatus, 800. Confusa: confused-disordered. Ru æus and some others read conversa. 801. In unum: against him alone. Coit: unites. Of con, and eo. 805. Ni Turnus. A threat is intimated or implied in the words, haud mollia mandata; which would be put in execution, unless Turnus retired from the Trojan walls. 809. Tinnitu: ringing. Strepit: in the sense of sonat. 810. Juba: the plumes or feathers in his helmet. These were struck from his head. Umbo. The boss or extreme part of the shield, by synec. the whole shield. This is not able to withstand the blows of the missive weapons. 812. Fulmineus: in the sense of ardens. The Trojans, with Mnestheus at their head, Liquitur, et piceum, nec respirare potestas, 815 813. Nec est potestas illi respirare 816. Ille fluvius accepit eum venientem cum suo flavo gurgite, ac extulit eum mollibus undis; et remisit eum lætum so ciis, cæde ablutâ. NOTES. with dust, which would adhere to his body, it became tough and clammy like pitch, and nearly of a similar color. Eger anhelitus. This is such a difficulty of breathing as they have, who are sickly, and asthmatic. 816. Ille suo gurgite. This is extremely beautiful. The poet represents the river god, expanding his gulfy bosom to receive Turnus, and bearing him off in safety upon his waves. 818. Cæde ablutâ: the blood being washed off. Not the blood from any wounds he had received; but from those wounds which he had inflicted. QUESTIONS. How is this book distinguished from all the rest? What does Turnus in the mean time? At whose particular request was this granted to them? What does Dr. Trapp observe of this passage? Does he consider it a blemish to the book? Where does the Ganges empty? What course does it run? In what light is it considered by those At the conclusion, what does he recommend to his men? When does he resolve to attack the camp of the Trojans? What orders does he give to be observed during the night? What is the condition of the Trojans? Is there any proposition made to recall Eneas? By whom was it made? Who were Nisus and Euryalus? Had any mention been made of their friendship before? In what book? And upon what occasion? What is the character of this episode? In what state does the poet represent the Rutulian camp during the night? Which of the two friends is the elder? Do they pass peaceably through the enemy's camp' What then did they do? How long did they continue the slaughter? Did they both make their escape from the camp? What prevented Euryalus from accompanying Nisus? By whom was he taken prisoner? Who commanded this troop of horse? Where was Nisus during these transactions? When he perceived his friend to be missing, what course did he pursue? |