Deponunt, animos nil magnæ laudis egentes. Intereà Æneas urbem designat aratro, NOTES. transcripti; hence the word came to signify to transfer, designaté, or appoint. 751. Deponunt: they leave-set apart. Egentes: in the sense of cupidos. 755. Designat urbem. This refers to a custom of the Romans, who, when they were about to build a city, first marked out the boundary of it by drawing a furrow with a plough, which they lifted over those spaces where they intended to have the gates. Hence porta (from porto, to carry) came to signify a gate. 756. Hoc, Ilium: history mentions no city in Sicily by the name of Ilium. Eneas may have called it so at first, but agreed that Acestes should change its name afterward. Or Ilium may be the tower of the city Acesta or Segesta, and here taken for the whole city by synec. as Pergamus, the tower or citadel of Troy, is often put for the city itself. This is the opinion of Ruæus. Strabo mentions two rivers near the city Segesta, by the names of Xanthus and Simoïs, and that they were so called by Æneas. 758. Indicit forum: he appoints courts of justice, and gives laws to his assembled senators. The Roman senators were called Patres, either on account of their age, or to remind them that they were the fathers of the people. 759. Erycino: an adj. from Eryx, a mountain in Sicily, in height next to Ætna; from Eryx, king of that island, who was slain by Hercules. See 411, supra. Æneas built a temple to his mother Venus on the top of this mountain. Some say it was founded by Eryx, and only decorated by Eneas. Venus is called Idalian, from Idalium or Idulia, a town and grove on the island of Cy 754. Exigui in nume 755 ro, sed eorum virtus erat vivida bello. 760 765 770 757. Jubet hoc spa tium esse Ilium, et hæc loca esse Troian 767. Jam matres ipsa; et ipsi homines, quibus quondam facies prus. This whole island was sacred to Venus. Sedes in the sense of templum. 761. Lucus additur. A priest and grove, sacred far around, is added to the tomb of Anchises. It appears hence that he was butied on Mount Eryx. Some say that he arved in Italy along with his son: others that he died before he arrived in Sicily. 762. Gens: in the sense of populus. The verb fuerat is to be connected with epulala. Honos factus: in the sense of sacrificium factum erat. All his people had kept the anniversary festival of his father for nine days, and performed the usual offerings, when the weather became favorable; and having repaired the damages occasioned by the fire, they make ready for their departure. Here a most interesting scene ensued. A day and a night they pass in embracing each other before their final separation. Those who before were weary of the voyage, now summon up courage, and are willing again to encounter the danger of the sea. The interesting scene brought tears from the hero's eyes. 768. Numen. This is the usual reading. The sense is, that the divinity, or divine power, of the sea, seemed to them insupportable-more than they could endure after all their fatigues. But Heyne, upon the authority of Heinsius, reads nomen. The sense in this case will be: and the name of sea seemed insupportable to them. They could not bear to hear its name mentioned. Nomen maris, says he, auditu, et dictu intolerabile visum. He observes of numen: Explicationem commodam non habet. The reader will judge for himself. 771. Consanguineo. Acestes was in truth no 774. 780 Tres Eryci vitulos, et tempestatibus agnam Cædere deinde jubet, solvique ex ordine funes. Ipse evinctus Ipse caput tonsæ foliis evinctus olivæ, quoad caput foliis tons Stans procul in prorâ, pateram tenet, extaque salsos 775 oliva, stans Porricit in fluctus, ac vina liquentia fundit. Prosequitur surgens à puppi ventus euntes : Certatim socii feriunt mare, et æquora verrunt. 782 Quam, nempe e JuAt Venus intereà Neptunum exercita curis Alloquitur, talesque effundit pectore questus: quiescit inperio Jovis fa- Junonis gavis ira et inexsaturabile pectus Non satis est eCogunt me, Neptune, preces descendere in omnes: nefandis odiis exedisse Quam nec longa dies, pietas nec mitigat ulla; urbem de media gente Nec Jovis imperio fatisve infracta quiescit. Phrygum, el traxisse ejus Non mediâ de gente Phrygum exedisse nefandis relliquias per omnem Urbem odiis satis est, poenam traxisse per omnem 789. Tu ipse fuisti Relliquias: Troja cineres atque ossa peremptæ testis mihi, quam molem Insequitur. Causas tanti sciat illa furoris. subitò excierit nuper in Ipse Quam frac tis pœnam: Libycis undis. 792. Ausa est hoc in buper Libycis tu testis in undis em subitò excierit. Maria omnia cœlo tuis regnis. sâ, subegit socios lin- Proh scelus! ecce etiam Trojanis matribus actis, to 796. Oro ut liceat Tro Amissâ socios ignotæ linquere terræ. janis dare tibi vela tuta Quod superest: oro, liceat dare tuta per undas per undas; ut liceat iis Vela tibi: liceat Laurentem attingere Tybrim: NOTES. no way related to Eneas. See 30, supra. Consanguineus is properly a relation by blood; agnatus, one by the father's side; cognatus, by the mother's side; and affinis, by marriage. 772. Tempestatibus. Storms and tempests were deified by the Romans, and goats and lambs were offered to them in sacrifice. 773. Cædere: in the sense of immolare. Funes: the cables. Some copies have funem. This is the reading of Heyne, after Pierius and Heinsius. The sense is the same either way. 775. Stans procul: standing at a distance on the prow, he holds the bowl and scatters the entrails upon the briny waves. Procul implies that he stood as far as he could from the shore on the extremity of the head of the vessel toward the sea. Porricil, from porro and jacio: to throw at a distance. It was a custom among the Romans to present offerings to the murine gods before sailing, which consisted principally in casting the entrails of the victims upon the sea. Sometimes, however, they offered libations also, as in the present instance. 781. Gravis ira Junonis: the heavy ange: of Juno, &c. An allusion is here made to the decision of Paris in the case of the prize of beauty, which ever after made her a bitter enemy to the Trojan race. Peclus: in the sense of animus. 785 790 795 784. Infracla: overcome-made to desist from her purpose. Dies: in the sense of tempus. Juno persisted in her opposition to Eneas, in spite of the authority of Jove, and the decrees of the gods, which directed him to Italy. 787. Cineres et ossa: the ashes and bones of ruined Troy. By these we are to understand Eneas and his company, who were on their way to Italy-the only remains or survivors of that once flourishing city. 788. Illa serat: she may know, &c. Venus here insinuates that there was no cause for her resentment. She may perhaps know; as for me, I do not. 790. Quam molem: what a tempest she raised, &c. Molem: for tempestatem. &c. Because she had not accomplished her 791. Nequicquam freta: relying in vain, by Neptune. See Æn. i. 86, et sequens. purposes; she and Eolus being controlled 793. Proh scelus. Heyne and some others read per scelus taking per in the sense of in, vel ad. Trojanis matribus actis in vel ad scelus. The common reading appears the easiest, which takes Proh scelus as an exclamation or interjection. Oh horrid crime! Oh wickedness! Juno burned the Trojan ships, by impelling their matrons to do it. 797. Tibi: by thee-under thy care and p.otection. Si: in the sense of siquidem. Si concessa peto; si dant ea monia Parcæ. 800 800. Fas est te fidcre omne meis regnis, unde ducis genus; merui quoque ut fidas 803. Nec minor cura fuit mihi tui Æneæ in 805 terris Tum Saturnius hæc domitor maris edidit alti. His ubi læta Deæ permulsit pectora dictis, NOTES. 799. Tum Saturnius domitor. Mr. Davidson observes there is a grandeur and boldness in this line, suitable to the majesty of him whose speech it introduces, which make it worthy the attention of the reader. Neptune was the son of Saturn, and in the division of the world the sea fell to him by lot. Hence the adj. Saturnius, and also the propriety of Domitor alti maris. Edidit: in the sense of dixit. 801. Unde genus. This alludes to the fabulous account of her springing from the foam of the sea, 805. Exanimata: may mean that the Trojans were weary and out of breath, or were affrighted and struck with dismay. Impengeret: drove-forced. 810. Eripui cava nube: I snatched away in a hollow cloud Eneas engaging, &c. This encounter Homer gives us in the twentieth book of the Iliad. But the great slaughter which Achilles made among the Trojan troops, so as to choak the rivers Xanthus and Simoïs with their dead bodies, is given us in the following book. Cùm cuperem: though I wished to overturn from the foundation the walls, &c. See Geor. i. 502, and En. ii. 610. 810 815 820 Be reading is curru, but Pierius observes that Davidson has auro. Heyne reads auro also: in the sense of aureo curru. 818. Effundit: in the sense of laxat. Feris: in the sense of equis. 823. Glauci. Glaucus, according to Servius, was a famous fisherman of Anthedon in Beotia, who, having laid some fishes on the grass that he had just caught, perceived them to recover their life and motion, and to leap into the sea. He supposed there was some virtue in those herbs that produced this effect: whereupon he tasted them, and was immediately transformed into a sea-god. Inoüs: an adj. from Ino, the daughter of Cadmus. See Geor. i. 437. Senior chorus Glauci: by commutatio, for chorus senioris Glauci. These were the nymphs and the tritons. Palamon. He is supposed by some to be the god whom the Latins worshipped under the name of Portunus. He was so called from portus, because he was supposed to preside over ports and harbors. It was thought that mariners were under his special The common care and protection. See 241, supra. 812. Eadem mens: the same disposition. 813. Averni: Avernus, a lake in Campania, the fabulous descent to hell. See En. iv. 512. 917. Auro: his golden car. 822. Tum variæ facies Tum variæ comitum facies; immania cete, comitum apparent; im- Et senior Glauci chorus Inoüsque Palæmon, mania cete ris Tritonesque citi, Phorcique exercitus omnis. Hic patris Æneæ suspensam blanda vicissim Unà omnes fecere pedem: pariterque sinistros, laxârant NOTES. 824. Omnis exercitus: the whole army of Phorcus-all the Nereïds, whom Phorcus was wont to collect. He was the son of Pontus and Terra, and father of the Gorgons. Tritones. Triton was the son of Neptune and Amphitrite. His upper part was like a man, and his lower part like a fish. He was said to be Neptune's trumpeter. He used the concha, or shell, in room of a trumpet. 826. Thetis et Melite, &c. These are the names of some of the sea-nymphs: all of Greek derivation. Of all the nymphs, it is said that Panopea was the only virgin. 827. Vicissim: in turn-in the room of the anxiety which he had before felt on account of the burning of his ships: now soothing (pleasant) joys, &c. 829. Intendi brachia velis. When they arrived in port, it was usual for mariners to take down the masts; and, when they departed, to raise them up again. The intendi brachia velis, is the same in import as intendi vela brachiis: to stretch the sails to the yards. The brachia were those parts of the antenna, or sail yards, which were near the mast, here put for the whole yards. The extremities of the antenna were called cornua. It may be observed, however, that the old Roman copy has intendi brachia remis: he orders their arms to be stretched to the oars; which is easier, and in Virgil's style. The antenna were long spars, extending across the mast at right angles; and to which the sails were fastened. Here called brachia, from their resemblance to the extended arms of a man. 830. Fecere pedem: they worked the sheet 825 830 835 840 they lengthened or shortened it, and shifted it from one side of the ship to the other, as occasion required. Pedem. The pes was a rope, halser, or sheet, fastened to the lower corners of the sail, and also to the sides of the ship, when she was under sail. And, as these were lengthened or shortened, the sail would be turned accordingly, more or less to the wind. Solvêre: they spreadexpand, or let out. The perf. here is used in its appropriate sense. It continues the past action up to the time in which it is mentioned. Sinus: in the sense of vela. Und-pariterque. These words imply that they all worked together with equal eagerness, and with uniform motions. Sinistros they turned the sails sometimes to the right, and sometimes to the left, as the wind veered or shifted. In nautical language, they shifted their tacks as, &c. 832. Sua: in the sense of prospera vel secunda: prosperous gales-favorable winds. 833. Princeps in the sense of primus. Palinurus was the pilot of the ship of Eneas. He fell overboard, and was drowned: the only one lost in the whole fleet. 834. Agmen: in the sense of classem. Contendere. Palinurus led the fleet, and all the other ships were ordered to follow him-to direct their course after him. 835. Humida nox: humid night had almost reached the middle point of heaven. It was almost midnight. This is a metaphor taken from the races. It had almost reached the turning point. 840. Tristia somnia: in the sense of tristem vel lethalem somnum. Phorbanti similis, fuditque has ore loquelas : 854. Ecce Deus quas855 sat ramum madentem Lethæo rore, soporatum que Stygia vi, super utraque tempora Et super incumbens, cum puppis parte revulsâ, NOTES. 842. Phorbanti. Phorbas was one of the sons of Priam. 843. Iaside. Iasius was some Trojan, the father or grandfather of Palinurus, 844. Equale: steady-fair. So that they spread the sails, in nautical language, wing and wing. 846. Inibo: I will discharge your offices, &c. 848. Me-ne jubes: do you bid me to disregard the face of the calm sea, and the waves at rest? do you bid me to trust to that appearance? As if he had said: though the face of the sea be smooth, and its waves at rest, I am not so ignorant of sailing, as to trust to that circumstance; the winds may suddenly rise, and things be materially changed. Salis: in the sense of maris. 851, Et: in the sense of etiam: even I so often deceived, &c. 854. Rore: in the sense of aqua. 855. Soporatum vi: impregnated with a Stygian quality. By this, Servius understands a mortal or deadly quality; such as effected his death. 856. Cunctanti: to him struggling against it, and endeavoring to keep awake. Solvit: in the sense of claudit. 857. Primos artus. Sleep is here represented as creeping, or diffusing itself over the several members of the body, and relaxing them one after another. The primos artus may mean the extremities of the body, which are apt to be first affected with sleep. 858. El super-incumbens: when (the god) 862. Classis currit iter in æquore non seciùs tutum, ferturque interrita leaning against him, threw him headlong, &c. The et here must have the force of cùm, as Mr. Davidson very justly observes. The part of the ship which Palinurus carried with him into the sea, enabled him to float three days. See Æn. vi. 350. 860. Nequicquam: in vain; because his companions were asleep, and could afford him no assistance. 861. Ales in the sense of celer. Ipse, nempe Deus somnus. 862. Non seciùs tulum: in the sense of non minùs tutum. Interrita: safe, without fear of danger. Secura, says Ruæus. 864. Scopulos Sirenum: the rocks of the Sirenes. Subibat: was approaching-was coming to. Classis is understood. The Sirenes are said to have been three beautiful women, who inhabited steep rocks on the sea-coast, whither they allured passengers by the sweetness of their music, and then put them to death. They are fabled to have been the daughters of Achelous, and Calliope. One sung, one played on the flute, and one on the lyre. The poets say, it was decreed that they should live till some person should be able to resist their charms. Ulysses being informed of this by Circe, escaped the fatal snare by stopping the ears of his companions with wax, and fastening himself to the mast of his ship. Upon which they threw themselves into the sea, in despair, and were transformed into fishes from the waist downward. The truth of the fable is this: they were lewd women, who, by their |