Nulli visa cito decurrit tramite virgo. 611. Concursum ad Conspicit ingentem concursum; et litora lustrat, ludos vel certamina. Desertosque videt portus, classemque relictam. At procul in solâ secretæ Troades actâ Amissum Anchisen flebant, cunctæque profundum 615. Heu! tot vada Pontum aspectabant flentes: heu, tot vada fessis, et tantum maris super- Et tantum superesse maris! vox omnibus una. esse nobis fessis! erat Urbem orant: tædet pelagi perferre laborem. una vox omnibus. 618. Ergò Iris haud Ergò inter medias sese haud ignara nocendi ignara artis nocendi Conjicit, et faciemque Deæ vestemque reponit. conjicit sese inter Fit Beroë, Ismarii conjux longæva Dorycli, Cui genus, et quondam nomen, natique fuissent. Ac sic Dardanidûm mediam se matribus infert: 623. O miseræ vos, in- O miseræ, quas non manus, inquit, Achaïca bello quit, quas Achaïca ma- Traxerit ad letum, patriæ sub manibus! ô gens Infelix! cui te exitio fortuna reservat? nus non traxerit ad letum in bello sub 630. Hic sunt fraterni Septima post Troja excidium jam vertitur æstas; Cùm freta, cùm terras opines, tot inhospita saxa, Sideraque emensæ ferimur; dum per mare magnum Italiam sequimur fugientem, et volvimur undis. fines Erycis, atque hic Hic Erycis fines fraterni, atque hospes Acestes: Quis prohibet muros jacere, et dare civibus urbem? 633. Nulla-ne mœnia O patria, et rapti nequicquam ex hoste Penates! dicentur mania Troja? Nullane jam Troja dicentur mœnia? nusquam est NOTES. 611. Lustrat. Rumus reads, lustransHeyne, lustrat." Davidson, also, reads, lus trat. 613. At Troades, &c. It was reckoned an indecency among the Greeks and Romans, for women to be present at the public games. Virgil, who all along has a view to the Roman customs, represents the matrons as apart by themselves on the lonely shore, deploring the death of Anchises. 620. Beroë-Dorycli: these are fictitious names. Ismarii: an adj. from Ismarus, a mountain in Thrace. 621. Cui quondam: to whom there was a noble descent, and once renown, and illustrious offspring. Genus here is used in the sense of nobilitas; Valpy says, rank. Nomen: in the sense of fama. 623. Achaïca manus: the Grecian troops. 628. Ferimur: in the sense of vagamur vel erramus. Emensa: having measured out having passed over so many seas, &c. Ferimur emensa: in the sense of emensa sumus, says Heyne. Sidera: climes--regions. To account for Eneas's having spent seven years in his voyage, a French critic (says Davidson) has the following computation. He finds from history that Troy was taken in the month of May or June. He allows Æneas ten months for fitting out his fleet at Artandros, and makes him set out in the month of March in the following year. From this to his arrival in Epirus he computes four years and some months, which time he spent in building ci 610 615 620 625 630 ties in Thrace and in Crete. Having spent some time in Epirus, he set out from thence in the end of autumn in the fifth year, and having made a compass almost round Sicily, arrived at Drepanum in the beginning of the following year. Here he lost his father in the beginning of February, and, according to the custom of the ancients, devoted ten months to grief and retirement. According to his calculation, Æneas did not sail from Sicily till the month of November, and here the action of the Eneid begins. En. i. 34. Vix è conspectu. Soon after this he was driven by a storm on the coast of Carthage, about the middle of the seventh year of his voyage, where he spent three months of winter, and from thence set out for Italy in the end of January following, and arrived again in Sicily in the month of February, about the end of the seventh year, where he spent one month in celebrating his father's anniversary, and about the beginning of the eighth year arrived in Italy, in the end of March or beginning of April, when the spring was in bloom. 629. Sequimur Italiam: while over the mighty deep we pursue Italy fleeing from us. This is highly poetical. Servius takes magnum to mean stormy-swelling high. Heyne says, vastum-immensum. Volvimur: in the sense of jactamur. 630. Fraterni. For the reasons that Eryr is here called the brother of Æneas, see 21, supra. Hectoreos amnes, Xanthum et Simoënta videbo ? At matres primò ancipites, oculisque malignis NOTES. 634. Hectoreos amnes: the Trojan streams. 638. Tempus agit res: now the time demands the thing. Some read tempus agi res: it is time the things be done. But Pierius found the former in the Codex Romanus and Mediceus, and in some others. Heyne reads, agires. Ruæus prefers the former; Occasio ipsa urget rem, says he. 639. En quatuor ara, &c. It is not said by whom these altars were erected. Rumus conjectures they were built by Cloanthus for his naval victory. See 234, supra. Or by the Trojans generally, for mention is made of their offering sacrifice. See 100, supra. The verb sunt is understood. 642. Sublataque: and exerting her strength, her right hand being raised, she waved the torch (infensum ignem) and threw it at a distance. Infensum: in the sense of inimi сит. 645. Pyrgo. This is a fictitious name. The tendency of her speech was not to dissuade the Trojan matrons from executing the purposes of Juno, but rather to incite them to it, by showing them that the person who appeared to them in the form of Beroë was really a goddess. Rhætcïa: an adj. from Rhetium, & promontory of Troas. 648. Ardentes oculos. Here are mentioned four distinguished marks or signs of a divine person: 1. Beauty, radiant eyes, &c., qui vultus: 2. A fragrant breath which perfumed the air around, qui spiritus: 3. An easy and majestic motion, qui gressus: 4. A sound, tone, or accent of voice which distinguished them from mortals, qui sonus vocis. 651. Careret: that she should be deprived of such an employment-of celebrating the anniversary of Anchises. Indignantem: in the sense of dolentem. 655. Ambigua: in the sense of dubia. Ancipiles: in the sense of infesta. 660. Focis penetralibus: from the inmost hearths. Davidson renders it, from the hallowed hearths. Rumus says, intimis aris. 662. Vulcanus: the god of fire, put by meton. for fire itself. Immissis habenis": without restraint-with violence. 663. Pictas abiete: either the sterns, by. synec. for the whole ships, on which was carved work of the fir tree; or pictas must be taken in the sense of constructs, baft or pade. Rumus says, structas ex abiele pictas pppes. Valpy gays, constructed of fir. Nuntius Anchisæ ad tumulum, cuneosque theatri, 665. Eumelus nuntius Incensas perfert naves Eumelus: et ipsi Respiciunt atram in nimbo volitare favillam. Primus et Ascanius, cursus ut lætus equestres Ducebat, sic acer equo turbata petivit ad tumulum Anchise perfert naves incensas esse 665 Castra: : nec exanimes possunt retinere magistri. Quis furor iste novus? quò nunc, quò tenditis, inquit, Heu misera cives! non hostem, inimicaque castra 671 672. Sed uritis vestras Argivûm, vestras spes, uritis. En ego vester Ascanius! Galeam ante pedes projecit inanem, Quâ ludo indutus belli simulacra ciebat. Accelerat simul Æneas, simul agmina Teucrûm. Ast illæ diversa metu per litora passim spes 677. Petuntque furtim Diffugiunt, sylvasque, et sicubi concava furtim sylvas, et sicubi sint Saxa petunt piget incepti, lucisque: suosque concava saxa 685. Pius Eneas cœpit Mutata agnoscunt: excussaque pectore Juno est. Tum pius Æneas humeris abscindere vestem, me morti cum infesto Vel tu, quod superest, infesto fulmine morti, 673 680 685 pater, da classi 692. Vel tu demitte Si mereor, demitte; tuâque hìc obrue dextrâ. Vix hæc ediderat, cùm effusis imbribus atra 695. Arduaque loca Tempestas sinè more furit: tonitruque tremiscunt terrarum, et campi tre- Ardua terrarum, et campi: ruit æthere toto Turbidus imber aquâ; densisque nigerrimus Austris: miscunt tonitru. NOTES. 664. Cuneos. These were seats in the Roman theatre for the common people, so called because they were in the form of a wedge, the narrowest part toward the stage. Reference is here made to the theatre mentioned or spoken of 288, supra. 663. Sic acer equo: the meaning is that Ascanius rode up to the confused camp quick on his horse, just in the same habit as he led the cavalcade, equestres cursus. 669. Magistri: either Priamus and Atys, commanders of the cavalcade, or Epytides and the other guardians and instructors of the youth. 670. Quò nunc tenditis: what now do you aim at?what do you intend by thus burning your ships? The repetition of the quò is emphatical. 679. Juno excussa est pectore: Juno is driven from their breast-the fury with which she had inspired them. This is an allusion to the frantic Bacchanals, who re→ turned to themselves after the god, with 690 693 whom they pretended to be possessed, was driven out of them. 682. Stuppa: this was a kind of coarse flax or hemp driven into the seams and chinks, and then overlaid with pitch to keep out the water and render the vessel tightoakum. Vivit: lives-continues to burn. Lentus vapor: a slow fire. Est: in the sense of edit. Pestis: in the sense of flamme. 684. Flumina: in the sense of aqua. 685. Pius Eneas abscindere, &c. Tearing their hair and garment was reckoned a sign of extreme distress both by Jews, Egyp tians, and Greeks. 688. Pietas: pity-compassion--clemency. 693. Effusis imbribus: with falling rains -with floods of rain. Imbribus: in the sense of pluviis. 696. Imber turbidus: the cloud, thick with water, and black with the heavy south winds, pours down from the whole heaven. The south winds were more impregnated with Implenturque supèr puppes: semusta madescunt At pater Æneas casu concussus acerbo, Talibus incensu dicus senioris amici: NOTES. vapor than any other, which, meeting with the cold northern air, was condensed into clouds and rain., Hence the epithet, densis. Imber is, properly, a shower or fall of rain. It may, by meton. be taken for the cloud containing the vapor. In this sense the meaning is plain and easy. 697. Semusta: for semiusta, by syn. This contraction is necessary for the sake of the verse. Super: in the sense of desuper. 702. Mutabat: in the sense of volvebat. Versans: in the sense of deliberans. 704. Unum: in the sense of solum; or we may take it in the sense of unicum, vel præcipuum. 705. Arte: knowledge. Ruæus says, multis vaticiniis. 713. Qui superant. Nautes advises to deliver to Acestes the crews of those ships that had been burnt-those who were weary of the enterprise-the old men and women, &c. and to found a city for them in Sicily, to be called after the name of their friend, Acestes. This city was on the western side, about five miles from the shore. It was also called Egesta, Egesta, and Sergesta. 700. 705. 711. 712. Cape hunc so, cium tibi in tuis consiliis 713. Trade huic eos,. 715.qui superant 715. Deligeque longevos senes, ac matres, fessas 717. Et sine ut illi, fessi habeant monia 720 719. Eneas incensus est 725 722. Dehinc facies. parentis Anchise delapsa cœlo visa est subitò effundere tales voces: Nate, quondam magis chare mihi vitâ ipsa, dum 716. Pericli: by syn. for periculi. 718. Permisso nomine: by a permitted name. Acestes agreed that it might be so called. 720. Animus. Davidson and Heyne read animum, in the acc. Valpy and Ruæus have animus, which is the easier. 721. Atra nox: dark night, wafted in her two-horse chariot, possessed the heavens. As the chariot of the sun is represented as drawn by four horses, so that of the moon and the night by two, and those of a black or sable color. Polum: by synec. the whole heavens. 722. Facies delapsa, &c. The ancients distinguished between the soul and the shade or phantom. The former, they believed, went to heaven, while the other had its residence in the infernal regions. Thus Anchises descends from heaven in regard to his soul, while at the same time his shade was in the regions below, as appears from verse 733. 725. Fatis: in the sense of casibus. 744. Supplexque veneratur Pergameum Larem, et penetralia canæ Vesta pio farre 730 735 Dat senior lectos juvenes, fortissima corda, Extemplò socios, primumque arcessit Acester, 730. Cultu: in the sense of moribus. 731. Tamen antè accede, &c. This apparition of Anchises, and the direction he gives his son to descend to the regions below, are a proper preparation for the following book. The art of the poet is admirable in thus making one event rise out of another and preparing the reader beforehand. This raises that pleasing suspense, which is the principal thing that charms in an epic poem. Ditis: gen. of Dis, a name of Pluto. 735. Elysium. This was the name of the place assigned for the residence of the happy. Here they placed their heroes and other distinguished characters. Casta Sibylla: the Sibyl hath the epithet casta, because those prophetesses were virgins. .Concilia: in the sense of sedes. 736. Multo sanguine: with much blood of black victims; that is, after having offered many black victims in sacrifice. Victims of a black color were sacrificed to the infernal deities. 738. Humida nox; humid night turns its middle course. This is a metaphor taken from the chariot-races, when they wheeled about at the meta or goal, and returned to the carcer or starting place. So here night was on her return, having passed her farthest point, the hour of midnight, which divides her course in the middle. 739. Savus Oriens: the cruel morning (the approaching sun) had breathed on me with his panting steeds. The morning is here called savus, because it broke off his conversation, and forced him to retire. It was a prevailing opinion that ghosts and appa 740 745 750 ritions were only allowed to appear in the darkness of night, and were chased away by the dawn of day. 743. Suscitat cinerem he opens the ashes and kindles up the dormant fire. This is one of those passages where Virgil uses the same verb with two nouns, when it can be properly applied only to one of them. Sopitos: buried up covered over. 744. Veneratur: he worships the Trojan Lares, and the shrine of hoary Vesta, &c. The Lares were the images consecrated to the souls of their departed ancestors, which the ancients worshipped at their own houses by oblations of incense and cakes of fine flour, called far; see Geor. iii. 344. The Lares, like the Penates, were household gods. Penetralia Vesta: this shrine, or sanctuary of Vesta, was commonly the hearth or fireplace in the apartment where they lodged. Here was kept a fire always burning, in honor of that goddess. See En. i. 292. Eneas is said to have introduced into Italy the worship of the Penates, the Lares, and of Vesta or the unextinguished fire. Heyne takes penetralia Vesta for Vesta herself, because, says he, the goddess had her residence in the inmost part of the house, remote from the view of men. She is called cana, either on account of the antiquity of her worship, or because the vestal virgins were clad in white robes. 748. Conslet: in the sense of sedet. 750. Transcribunt. This word was ap plied to those whose names were enrolled in order to be transported to some new colony; and those thus enrolled were called |