Parce metu, Cytherea manent immota tuorum NOTES. daughter. The name Venus was given to several. The one here meant, is the daughter of Jupiter and Dione, but is often confounded with her, who sprung from the froth of the sea. Sce 229. supra. 257. Metu: for metui. See Ecl. v. 29. Cytherea: Venus. 261. Fabor: in the sense of dicam. 262. Movebo arcana: I will unfold the secrets of the fates, tracing (volvens) them down to a great distance of time. Remordet: troubles you. 264. Contundet: in the sense of domabit. Mores: in the sense of leges. 265. Dum tertia ætas: until the third year shall see him, &c. The meaning is, that three years were to be spent in the wars with Turnus,and the Rutuli; at the expiration of which, having subdued his enemies, Eneas should commence his government in Latium. Dum: in the sense of donec. 266. Terna hyberna: three winters shall have passed, the Rutuli being conquered. 267. Cui nunc cognomen: to whom now the sir-name of Iulus is added. This circumstance is thrown in to show the origin of the Julian family, and the occasion of changing the name of Ilus, to Iülus or Julius. The poet designs this as a compliment to the Cæsars. Iülus succeeded his father in the government, and reigned thirty years at Lavinium. He built Alba Longa, and made it the seat of his government. The throne was filled for three hundred years by a succession of Trojan princes, down to the time of Romulus. He founded Rome, and changed the seat of government from Alba Longa to the new city. At his death, the line of succession was changed, and Numa Pompilius, a wise and virtuous prince of the Sabines, filled the throne. 268. Ilia res: the Trojan state. Ilia: an adj. from Ilium, a name of Troy. See 1. supra. 269. Orbes: in the sense of annos. 270. Imperio: government-reign. La vini: by apocope for Lavinii. See 2. supra. Vi: labor-strength. 273. Hectorea gente: under a Trojan line. After the building of Rome, Alba continued for a considerable time an independent government, and was a rival of the new city. It was finally destroyed by the Romans, and its inhabitants transferred to Rome. 274. Ilia: a daughter of Numitor, king of Alba Longa. She is called regina, on account of her royal descent. She was one of the vestal virgins, and for that reason called sacerdos, or priestess. Being pregnant (gravis) by Mars, as it is said, she brought forth twins, Romulus and Remus. Amulius, having expelled his brother Numitor, commanded one Faustus, a shepherd, to expose the children to wild beasts, that they might perish. Instead of which, he took them home, where they were nourished by his wife, whose name was Lupa. This gave rise to the story of their being brought up by a wolf, lupa being the name of that animal. The children grew up, and when they became acquainted with the conduct of their uncle, they collected a band of men, attacked him in his palace, slew him, and restored Numitor to the throne. Afterwards, it is said, each of the brothers began to build a city. Remus leaped over the walls of the city founded by Romulus; whereupon, being angry, he slew him. He called the city Rome, after his own name. Romulus was sometimes called Quirinus, from Quiri, a Sabine word, which signifies a spear. minam prolem: simply, twins. Ge 275. Inde Romulus Inde lupa fulvo nutricis tegmine lætus leetus fulvo tegmine nu- Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet tricis luple excipiet gen- Mœnia, Rómanosque suo de nomine dicet. 277. Dicet incolas Ro- His ego nec metas rerum, nec tempora pono: Imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Juno, tem manos 275 Quæ mare nunc terrasque metu cœlumque fatigat, 280 288. Ille erit Julius, Julius, à magno demissum nomen Iülo. nomen Hunc tu olim cœlo, spoliis Orientis onustum, NOTES. 276. Mavortia: an adj. from Mavors, a name of Mars: warlike-martial. Mania in the sense of urbem. 278. Nec pono metas: I place (prescribe) to them neither bounds nor duration of dominion. The Romans had a belief that their empire would always continue, while other governments would be unstable and fluctuating. 280. Metu: through fear that the Trojans would rise to power, and become dangerous to her dear Carthage and Argos. Fuligat: in the sense of commovet. 281. In melius. This is taken adverbially: for the better. Referret: shall change. 282. Gentem togatam: the nation of the gown. The toga, or gown, was the distinguishing badge of the Romans, as the pallium was that of the Greeks. Rerum. Res signifies power-rule-dominion. In the present case it signifies, the world. 283. Sic placitum: thus it pleases methis is my pleasure-it is my decree. The verb est is to be supplied. Etas venit: the time shall come, years having passed away when, &c. Lustrum: properly the period of four years. It is often put for time in general. Etas: in the sense of tempus, and lustris for annis. 284. Domus Assaraci. By this we are to understand the Romans. Assaracus was the son of Tros, and brother of Ilus. He was the father of Capys, and Capys the father of Anchises, the father of Eneas, from whom the Romans descended. Phthiam. This was a city of Thessaly, the royal seat of Achilles. Mycenas Argis. These were cities of the Peloponnesus, over which Agamemnon reigned, put, by synec. for Greece in general. This prophecy was fulfilled under the Roman generals Mummius, 285 290 who conquered Achaia; and Paulus Emilius, who subdued Macedonia and Thessaly. Argis in the sing. Argos, neu.; in the plu. Argi, mas. It was situated about two miles from the sea, on the Sinus Argolicus. It was founded by Inachus, 1856 years before Christ. Its inhabitants were called Argolici and Argivi: by synec. put for the Greeks in general. Premet: shall subject to servitude-shall subdue. 286. Pulchra: in the sense of illustris: Cæsar, a Trojan of illustrious origin. 288. Nomen demissum: a name derived from, &c. 289. Tu secura: you, sure, shall receive him hereafter. Cæsar was honored with four triumphs on four successive days. To this, refer the words: Onustum spoliis orientis. Cæsar received diviñe honors by a decree of the Senate. 291. Aspera sæcula. Here is an allusion to the golden age; or, at least, to the universal peace which took place in the reign of Augustus, when the temple of Janus wa 'shut. Mitescent: shall grow mild-soften. Aspera: in the sense of dura. 292. Cana fides. The meaning is: that the fidelity of former times should returnthat men should devote more of their time to the service of the gods-that there should be no more civil wars, in which brother should be armed against brother. The epithet can alludes to the figure of faith, which was represented with hoary locks, to denote that it was the peculiar virtue of former times-the golden age. By the word Vesta, Servius says, we are to understand religion. Vesta was the daughter of Saturn and Ops, the goddess of fire, and patroness of the vestal virgins. Æneas was the first who introduced her mysteries into Italy. Jura dabunt: diræ ferro et compagibus arctis NOTES. The Palladium of Troy was supposed to be preserved in her temple; where a fire was continually kept burning by certain virgins, who dedicated themselves to her service. There was another goddess of the same name, but generally confounded with Ceres, Cybelle, Tellus, &c. The word Vesta is frequently used for fire, by meton. 293. Arctis compagibus: with close joints -bound fast with bars of iron. 294. Porta. The gates, or doors of the temple of Janus were open in time of war, and shut in time of peace. This happened only three times during a period of seven hundred years, so constantly engaged were the Romans in the work of death! Impius furor. This, Turnebus thinks, alludes to the image of warlike rage drawn by Apelles, and dedicated by Augustus in the Forum. But Germanus thinks it alludes to the statue of Mars, which the Spartans had in their city, bound in this manner, in chains of brass. Nodis: in the sense of catenis. 297. Genitum Maid: the son of Maia. Mercury was the son of Jupiter, and Maia, the daughter of Atlas. See Geor. i. 336. 298. Arces. This appears to be used in the sense of urbs: that the country and city of New Carthage might open in hospitality to the Trojans-might receive them kindly, and treat them with hospitality. 301. Remigio alarum: by the motion of 304. Quietum animum: a friendly mind, and a benevolent disposition, or temper. 306. Data est: in the sense of orta est. 309. Exacta: neu. plu. the particulars of his discovery. 310. In convexo. The place where Æneas moored his fleet, lay in a circular form, nearly surrounded by a grove. Here they could be in safety, without fear of discovery. The words convexus and concavus are sometimes used for each other, whic as to be the case here; the former pro ignifying the exterior of a round s latter the interior. Horrentibus: deep-thick shades. Uno: in the sense of solo. See En. iv. 451. the Harpalyce, volucremque fugâ prævertitur Eurum. Namque humeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum 321. Ac illa prior in- Ac prior, Heus, inquit, juvenes, monstrate mearum quit: Heus, juvenes, Vidistis si quam hic errantem fortè sororum, monstrate, si si vidistis Succinctam pharetra et maculosa tegmine lyngs, Aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem. Sic Venus at Veneris contrà sic filius orsus: Nulla tuarum audita mihi, neque visa sororum, fortè quam mearum sororum erranten hic, su cinctam pharetra 320 325 327. Mortalis vultus O, quam te memorem, Virgo? namque.haud tibi vultus haud est tibi, nec tua Mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat. Ó Dea certè: An Phœbi soror, an Nympharum sanguinis una? VOX 330. Quæcunque es, Sis felix, nostrumque leves quæcunque laborem : sis felix Et quo sub celo tandem, quibus orbis in oris Jactemur, doceas: ignari hominumque locorumque Erramus, vento huc et vastis fluctibus acti. Multa tibi ante aras nostrâ cadet hostia dextrâ. Tum Venus haud equidem tali me dignor honore. NOTES. 317. Harpalyce: a celebrated Amazon, said to have rescued her father, who had been taken in battle by the Geta. The comparison here is simply between the habits of Venus, and those of Harpalyce. Eurum. Many copies read Hebrum; but there appears a manifest incongruity in it. It can hardly be supposed, that the poet, describing the swiftness of her speed, should say that she could outride the course of a river, however rapid it might be. In that there could be no difficulty. Besides, the epithet volucrem, is not very applicable to a river. Eurum is certainly the best reading; it is the language of poetry, while Hebrum is not. Fuga: in the sense of cursu. 320. Nuda genu, &c. This is a Grecism: naked as to her knee, and collected as to her flowing robe in a knot. See Ecl. i. 55. The meaning that she had her knee naked, and her ng robe collected in a knot. Sinus olds of a garment; also the garment itself, by synec. Nodo: nodus is properly any thing that binds or ties. Hence, a girdle, or belt-a knot, &c. 321. Quam: in the sense of aliquam. 323. Tegmine. It was a custom among the ancients for hunters to wear the skin of some one of the animals, they had killed. Prementem: : pursuing. 325. Orsus: part, of the verb ordior: he began. The verb est is understood. 327. Quam te memorem? whom shall I call you? 329. Nec vox sonat: nor does your voice 330 336 sound (like) a human being-it does not indicate you to be mortal. Homo, is properly either a man or woman-a human being. 329. An soror Phabi: art thou the sister of Phoebus, or one of the blood of the nymphs? See Ecl. iv. 10. The verb es is to be supplied. 330. Felix: kind-propitious. Oris: in the sense of regione. Orbis: of the world, or earth. 334. Multa hostia: many a victim shall fall for you before the altars. 335. Haud me dignor: I do not consider myself worthy, &c. 338. Urbem Agenoris: Carthage, founded by Dido, a descendant of Agenor. Punica regna: the kingdom, or realm of Carthage. It is distinguished from the city, which is called Urbs Agenoris. Punica: an adj. from Pani, or Phæni. 339. Fines Libyci: the country is Africa. Libyci: an adj. from Libya, agreeing with fines. Libya was properly that part of Africa bordering upon Egypt on the west; but is frequently used for any part of Africa, or Africa in general. Genus intractabile: a race fierce in war. The Carthaginians extended their conquests with unexampled rapidity, and were the only people that appeared to dispute the empire of the world with the Romans. Their misfortunes, and final ruin, were owing more, perhaps, to party spirit and civil cabals, than to the arms of the Romans. See Rol. An. His. Art. Carthage. Imperium Dido Tyriâ regit urbe profecta, njugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris: NOTES. 340. Dido: the name of a Tyrian princess, implying beautiful, or well-beloved. See En. iv. 1. Regit imperium: manages the government. 342. Ambages longa: the circumstances are long and tedious. Sequar summa fastigia rerum: I will mention only the chief heads of the business-I will trace only the outlines of the affair. Ruæus takes sequar in the sense of perstringam. 345. Primis ominibus: with the first omens. This alludes to a custom among the Romans of consulting the omens in all the important concerns of life, before they entered upon them, to see if they would prove successful or not. Jugârat: by syn. for jugaverat. Cui: to whom, to wit, Sichæus. Intactam: adhuc virginem, says Ruæus. 347. Immanior scelere ante: great in wickedness above all others. The comp. is here used in the sense of the pos. 348. Sichaum. He was the priest of Hercules, an office in dignity next to royalty. It appears that Pygmalion came upon Sichæus unexpectedly, while he was officiating at the altar, and slew him. This circumstance greatly adds to the atrocity of the deed. Furor: in the sense of odium. Inter quos: between Sichæus and Pygmalion. 350. Securus. regardless of the love of his sister. Superat : in the sense of interficit. 352. Ægram amantem: the afflicted, or disconsolate lover. Lusit: deceived-deluded. 353. Inhumati. According to their system of religion, the shades of those, who were unburied, must wander a hundred years, before they could be at rest. The circumstance of Pygmalion's leaving the body of Sichæus unburied, in this view, greatly heightens the enormity of the crime first committed. Imago: in the sense of umbra. 354. Conjugis. Conjux is either a husband or a wife; here the former. Pallida: pale in a wonderful manner. Os: in the sense of vultum. 356. Nudavit: laid bare the cruel altars, at which he was slain. Relexit: disclosed -brought to light. 358. Recludit: shows, ns to her, &c. Justin tells us that Sicheus, for fear of the king, buried his money in the earth, fearing to keep it in his house; but no one knew the place of its deposit during his life. 362. Parata. Tyre, being a great commercial city, in the ordinary course of business, many ships might be prepared and ready for scu. The verb sunt is to be supplicd. 364. Opes avari, &c. Either the wealth of Sichæus, which Pygmalion now imagined his own; or along with her husband's |