Index to the Old Testament.
xxxi. The appearance of Samuel to this king after the prophet's death shown to have been wholly independent of the incantations of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii. 14.
Gen. ix. 20. No genuine religion could ever possibly | Saul, his tragical end, with a sketch of his character, 1 Sam. exist without sacrifice actually offered or implied, ibid. Sakar,, the same with the date or palm wine, according to Theodoret and Chrysostom, Isa. v. 11, xxiv. 9. · Salam, sacredness of this word of salutation among the Arabs, Gen. xxxvii. 4; 1 Sam. x. 4.
Salisbury, ancient city of, was not situated where the modern city of the same name now stands, Josh. xvi., in fine. Salonius, bishop of Vienna, account of this commentator, General Preface, p. 4.
Salsaria, salsolo, or saltwort, an extensive genus of plants, Job xxx. 4.
Salt, an essential ingredient in all offerings, Jewish or pagan, Lev. ii. 13.
Salt, sowing a place with, a custom in different nations to express permanent desolation and abhorrence, Josh. ix. 45. Some examples produced, ibid.
Salt Sea, where situated, Gen. xix. 45; Num. xxxiv. 3. Salutation, various forms of, Gen. xxix. 6, xxxvii. 4, xliii. 29, xlviii. 20; 1 Sam. x. 4.
Samaria, slight sketch of its history, 1 Kings xvi. 24. Its modern appellation, Isa. xxviii. 1.
Samaritan text, some account of the, General Preface, p. 20.
Samaritan version, character of the, General Preface, p. 20. Samaritans, their present condition, according to Baron Syl- vestre de Lacy, 2 Kings xvii. 27.
Samiel, a pestilential east wind, 1 Kings xx., in fine.` Samson, why probably so named, Judg. xiii. 24. Sketch of his character, Judg. xvi., in fine.
Samuel, derivation and import of the name, 1 Sam. i. 28. Sketch of the character of this prophet, 1 Sam. xxv., in fine. Samuel, books of, very uncertain by whom written, Preface to 1 Samuel. Calmet's conjecture concerning, ibid. Several reasons advanced to show that the twenty-first chapter of the second book of Samuel, as it stands in the Hebrew, is in a state of great corruption, 2 Sam. xxi., in fine..
Sanctification, Scripture doctrine of, Exod. xiii. 2. Sanctuary, a part of the tabernacle, why so named, Exod. XXV. 8. Its typical import, ibid.
Sandal tree, some account of the, Num. xxiv. 6. Santeer, an Egyptian instrument of music, probably the same with the psaltery, Dan. iii. 5. Dr. Russel's description of it, ibid.
Sapphire, description of this precious stone, Exod. xxiv. 10; Job xxviii. 16; Ezek. i. 26. Saracens, memorable defeat of the, by the Spaniards, Ezek.
Sarah, wife of Abraham, import of her name, Gen. xvii. 5. In what this name possibly differs from Sarai, ibid. Sarbal,, rendered hat, what its real import, Dan.
Sarcasm, remarkable example of this figure of speech, Ezek. XXXV. 6.
Sard, some account of this precious stone, Job xxviii. 16. Sardius, description of this precious stone, Exod. xxviii.
Sardonyx, account of this precious stone, Job xxviij. 16. Sarepta or Zarephath, its present condition according to Maundrell, 1 Kings xvii. 9.
Saris,, import of this word, Gen. xxxviii. 36. Satan,, Zaravac, meaning of this word, 1 Kings v. 4, xi. 14; Job i. 6,7. Not found in the plural number in the originals of the Old and New Testaments, and the reason assigned, Job. i. 6. Observations on the permission given to this great adversary to tempt man, Job xiii., in fine. Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Herschel or the Georgium Sidus, tables of their motions, distances, &c., Gen. i. 1. Radii of the orbits of these satellites in parts of the ecliptic, as seen from the earth, when their primaries are at their mean distances from, and in quartile aspect with, the sun, Gen. i. 1. See Orbit.
Saturn, periodic and sidereal revolutions, semimajor axis of orbit in English miles, mean perigeal and apogeal distances, diameter, proportional bulk, time of rotation, inclination of axis to orbit, mass, and mean hourly orbitical motion, of this primary planet, Gen. i. 1.
Saul's malady, Dr. Scheuchzer's theory respecting, 1 Sam. xvi. 14.
Saurin's singular apostrophe to Louis XIV., when treating of the banishment of the Protestants from France by the revocation of the edict of Nantz, 2 Sam. ii. 5. Sauromates, from whom descended, according to Calmet, Gen. x. 3.
Scale, Ainsworth's conjecture concerning the derivation of this word, Gen. xx. 16.
Scupe-goat, ceremonies concerning the, and its very expres- sive typical import, Lev. xvi.
Scaurus, (M.) valuation of his furniture which was burnt at Tusculum, Esth. iii. 9.
Sceptre, swearing by the, usual among the ancients, Num. xvii. 8. Quotations from Homer and Virgil illustrative of the form of this oath, ibid.
Sceptre of gold worn by the ancient princes of Persia, Esth. v. 2. Citation from Xenophon in illustration of this, ibid. Scheuchzer, (Dr. I. James) author of an elaborate work on the natural history of the Bible, General Preface, p. 9. Sciences and arts, the late amazing and extraordinarily rapid discoveries and improvements in every department of the, shown to be not the effect of chance, but the result of a most gracious providence of God in behalf of his intelligent offspring, Exod. xxviii. 3.
Schism in religion defined, Josh. xxii., in fine. Schoettgenius, (Christian) author of Hora Hebraicæ et Tal- mudica in Universum Novum Testamentum, General Pre- face, p. 7.
Schultens, (Albert) a commentator on the book of Job, Gene- ral Preface, p. 7.
Scinocephalus, an animal peculiarly sacred to the ancient Egyptians, 2 Kings xvii., in fine. Of what it was reputed hieroglyphical, and for what purpose kept in their temples, ibid.
Scoffers, manner in which they turned into ridicule the warn- ings of God by his prophets, Isa. xxviii. 9.
Scorpion, a military weapon among the Romans, why so named, 1 Kings xii. 11.
Scotch woman, remarkable anecdote of a, Job xxxiv. 28. Scott, (Rev. T.) author of a very useful commentary on the Scriptures, General Preface, p. 9.
Scriptures, how divided by the Jews, Zech. vii. 7. Scythians, whence they had their origin, Gen. x. 2. The
gog of Ezekiel, according to Houbigant, Ezek. xxxviii. 2. Seah, what this Hebrew measure contained, according to Bishop Cumberland, Gen. xviii. 6. See also Exod. xvi. 16.
Sealing up transgression in a bag, what meant by this ex- pression among the ancients, Job xiv. 17.
Seals, for sealing clay, frequent in the East, Job xxxviii. 13. Description of six of these seals in the author's possession, ibid.
Seasons of the year, time of their commencement, according to the Copts, Gen. vii. 22.
Sebaste, the ancient Samaria, Isa. xxviii. 1. Maundrell's account of its situation, ibid.
Secondary planets, revolutions, distances, magnitudes, &c., of the, Gen. i. 1.
Sectarian marks of the ancients and moderns, some account of the, Lev. xix. 28. More largely explained, Deut. xxxii. 5; Isa. xliv. 5, xlvi. 16; Ezek. ix. 4.
Sections of the law, table of the, as read in the different Jew- ish synagogues for every Sabbath of the year; in which are incorporated the haphtaroth or sections of the prophets, as they are appointed to be read in the synagogues of the Portuguese and Italian, and the German and Dutch Jews, Deut. xxxiv., in fine. To determine the order of the reading the pareshioth and haphtaroth for any given Jewish year, the following tables, inserted at the end of the notes on Deuteronomy, have been carefully constructed :-I. A perpetual table, showing, through the course of thirteen lunar cycles (which embrace every possible variation) the
Index to the Old Testament.
day of the week with which the Jewish year begins and on which the passover is held; as also the lengths of the months Marchesvan and Cisleu. The radix of this table is the rabbinical year of the world 5568, corresponding with A. D. 1807, 1808. II. A table containing the whole variations in the reading of the pareshioth for every year (embolismic and common) of the Jewish cycle of 247 years. III. and IV. Tables to determine upon what day of the week any Jewish month commences for any given year, as also the day of the week upon which the Jews celebrate their principal fasts and festivals. V. Table containing the order of reading the pareshioth and haphtaroth for ninety Jewish years, L e., from A. M. 5572 to A. M. 5661, (both inclusive,) connected with the corresponding dates in the Christian era according to the Gregorian or New Style. VI. Table containing the year of the Jewish lunar eycle, the golden number, the first day of the Jewish passover, Easter Sunday, and the commencement of each Jewish -year, according to the Gregorian calendar, from A. D. 1812 to A. D. 1900 (both inclusive.)
Secutor, among the Romans, who, Job xix. 6; Mic. vii. 2. Sedulius Hybernicus, account of this commentator, General Preface, p. 4.
Seed of the woman, an epithet applicable only to our blessed Lord, and why, Gen. iii. 15.
Seedtime at Aleppo, when it begins and terminates, Amos
Seer, what intended by this word, 1 Sam. ix. 9; Introduction to Isaiah. The words seer and prophet not altogether sy- nonymous, 1 Sam. ix. 9.
Seething a kid in its mother's milk, observations on this very ancient heathen custom, Exod. xxiii. 19. Segor, o, what it imports, Job xxviii. 16.
Selah, various conjectures respecting the meaning of this word, Psa. iii. 2. Probably a nota bene, or note of atten- tion, Psa. iii. 2, iv. 2, 4, vii. 5, ix. 16, &c.
Selavim,, rendered quails, observations of Harmer and others relative to the import of the original term, Exod.
Self-idolatry, instances of, from ancient authors, Hab. i. 16. Semiramis, account by Diodorus Siculus of the marches of this monarch into Media and Persia, Isa. xl. 3. Seneca, citation of a passage from the Octavia of, very similar to a verse in the Psalms, Psa. lv. 7.
Senir, where this mountain is situated, Ezek. xxvii. 5. Its Sidonian and Hebrew name, ibid.
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, in what manner the destruction of his immense army was probably effected, 2 Kings xix.
Sennachies, among the ancient Celtic inhabitants, who, Num.
Sepharad, various conjectures respecting the place intended by this name, Obad. 20.
Sepharvites, probably the same with the Saspires of Hero- dotus, 2 Kings xvii., in fine.
Sepher,, rendered book, meaning of the original word, Gen. v. 1.
Septuagint version, great importance of, to every minister of the word of God, General Preface, p. 13; Esth. x., in fine. When made, General Preface, p. 21; Psa. cii. 15; Isa. Ixvi., in fine.
Sepulchres of the ancients, account of the, Isa. xxii. 16, liii. 9.
Sepulture, forms of among the Hebrews, 1 Sam. xxxi. 12. Serab, derivation and import of this Arabic word, Isa.
Sesostris, in erecting temples all over Egypt, did not employ a single Egyptian in the work, 1 Kings ix. 21. This king supposed by some to have been the same with Shishak, who was contemporary with Solomon, 1 Kings xi. 40. Seven, a number of perfection or completion among the He- brews, Exod. xxix. 30; Psa. cxix. 164; Zech. iv. 2. Seventy weeks of Daniel, Dean Prideaux's remarks on the, Dan. ix. 24, &c. Collection of various readings in the different MSS. of this very celebrated prophecy, Dan. ix., in fine. Sexdigitism, examples of, in ancient and modern times, 2 Sam. xxi. 20. An instance of this sort known to the Author, ibid.
Shaal,, unhappily rendered borrow, what its real signifi- cation, Exod. iii. 22.
Shadow on the dial of Ahaz probably brought back by means of refraction, 2 Kings xxi., in fine. Reasons for this sup- position, ibid.
Shadrach, import of this name, Dan. i. 7. Shah we Guddah, remarkable couplet in a Persian poem so entitled, Psa. xxvii. 9. . Shaking of the nations spoken of by Haggai, observations of a correspondent relative to the, Hag. ii., in fine. Shalashim,, inquiry into the import of this word, 2 Sam. xxiii. 13, 24.
Shalom, a term frequent in Hebrew salutations, its import, Gen. xxix. 6, xxxvii. 4. Shapher, the nineteenth station of the Israelites in the wil- derness, Num. xxxiii. 23.
Sharp, (Dr.) archbishop of York, singular anecdote respecting, Job xxiv., in fine.
Shaving the head, in Eastern countries, a token of a person having abandoned Christianity and turned Mohammedan, Deut. xxi. 12.
She-bear, remarkable instance of affection in a, 2 Sam. xvii., in fine. Observations on the destruction of forty-two persons by two she-bears in the time of Elisha, 2 Kings Shechem, one of the cities of refuge, import of the name,
Shechinah, what, Exod. xxv. 22.
Sheep at Aleppo, Dr. Russel's account of the, Lev. in. 9. Sheked, why the amygdalus communis, or common almond tree, was so named by the Jews, Num. xvii. 8. Shekel of the sanctuary, before the captivity, equal in weight to three hundred and twenty grains of barley, Gen. xx. 16; after the captivity, to three hundred and eighty-four grains, ibid. Its value according to Prideaux, Gen. xxxii. 15, xxxvii. 28; Exod. xxv. 39, xxx. 13, xxxix. 24,
Shem, Dr. Hales' account of the political condition of the descendants of, Gen. ix. 20. Remarkable prophecy con- cerning the Messiah, of whom Shem was appointed to be the lineal ancestor, ibid.
Sheol, 3, what this word imports, Num. xvi. 30; Job vii. 10, xxiv. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 21; Hos. mi. 14. Shephatim,, its derivation and import, Lev. xxvi. 15. Shepherd, sentiment of a, as related by Virgil, when enrap-
tured with the elegy which his associate had composed on their departed friend, Hos. xiv. 5. Shepherd, (Miss Mary Freeman) her observations on the genealogy of Job, and the time in which he is thought to have lived, Preface to Job.
Shepherds, an abomination among the ancient Egyptians, and why, Gen. xlvi. 34.
Shepherds of the people, moueves haov, a title given by the ancient Greeks to sovereign princes, 2 Sam. v., in fine. Sherah, daughter of Ephraim, why so named, according to the Targum, 1 Chron. vii. 24.
Sheshbazzar, probably the Chaldean name of him who was originally called Zerubbabel, Ezra i. 8. Corruption of the sacred text relative to the number of sacred vessels of the temple which were restored to Sheshbazzar, Ezra i. 11. Shetum, D, falsely rendered in our English version, Num.
Index to the Old Testament.
Shinar, the ancient name of Babylon, Dan. i. 2. Ships of Tarshish, used metonymically for ships in general employed in carrying on traffic between distant countries, Isa. ii. 13-16.
Shittim wood, different opinions concerning the import of the original term thus rendered, Exod. xxv. 5.
Shiver, this word evidently derived from the Hebrew word shabar or shavar, Psa. li. 17.
Shoeing of horses with iron plates nailed to the hoof, unknown to the ancients, Isa. v. 28. Description of the horseshoes of leather and iron sometimes mentioned by ancient wri- ters, ibid.
Shoes, pulling off the, an emblem of laying aside the pollu- tions contracted by walking in the way of sin, Exod. iii, 5. General agreement among Eastern nations to perform all their acts of worship barefooted, ibid.
Shoes of matting, or rushes, always worn by the Egyptian priests, Ezek. xliv. 17.
Shomeron, the same with Samaria, 1 Kings xiii. 32, xvi. 2. Shopher,, a species of musical instrument, Psa. lxxxi. 3. Shophetim,, a degree of civil distinction among the Hebrews, Josh. xxiii. 2. See also the Preface to the book of Judges.
Shoshabin or Paranymph, see Paranymph.
Shoshanim,, import of this term, Psa. xlv., in prin-
Shoterim,, a degree of civil distinction among the Hebrews, Josh. xxiii: 2. In what the Shoterim differed from the Shophetim, Deut. xvi. 18; Josh. i. 10. Shrub we krub, a beautiful rill of water that runs into a basin of Roman workmanship, Judg. v. 11. Why so named, ibid.
Shual,, rendered for, inquiry into the precise import of the original term, Judg. xv. 4. Dr. Kennicott's argu- ments to show that Samson's destruction of the standing corn of the Philistines was not effected by three hundred foxes with one hundred and fifty firebrands, but by three hundred handfuls or sheaves of corn, and one hundred and fifty fire- brands, ibid. Reasons for rejecting the doctor's hypothesis,
Shuner, (Agnes) extraordinary longevity of this woman, Pɛa. xc., in fine.
Shushan-eduth, import of this term, Psa. lx., in principio. Sibbah,, inquiry into the import of this term, 1 Kings xii. 15.
Sibyl, Cumean, Virgil's description of the seat of the, Isa. xlv. 17. Sidon, whence supposed to be derived, and its import, Prov. xxxi. 24. The mother city of Tyre, Isa. xxiii. 4. Sikera, Zikɛpa, the same with the date or palm wine, accord- ing to Theodoret and Chrysostom, Isa. v. 11. See Sakar. Silence, a species of reverence paid by the retinue, viziers, foreign ambassadors, &c., of an Asiatic sovereign when he goes to the mosque on any of the great festivals, Hab. ii.
Siloah, brook of, where situated, Isa. viii. 6, 7.
Silver, account of the purification of, by the cupel. See Cupel.
Silver cord, what to be understood by this phrase, Eccles. xii. 6.
Simeon, import of this name, Gen. xxix. 33. The tribe of Simeon generally believed among the Jews to have been schoolmasters to the other tribes, Gen. xlix. 7. Simoom or smoom, account of this very destructive Eastern wind, Gen. xli. 6; Deut. xxviii. 22.
Simple, whence this word is derived, Prov. i. 4. Striking contrast between its ancient and modern acceptation, ibid. Sin, import of this word, Judg. xx. 16; 1 Sam. xvii. 49; Job v. 24. Doctrine that there is no total deliverance from sin in this life stated and refuted, 1 Kings viii. 46. Sin, wilderness of, the seventh station of the Israelites in the wilderness, where situated, Num. xxxiii. 11. Sinai, whence this name is probably derived, Exod. iii. 1. Sinai, wilderness of, the eleventh station of the Israelites in the wilderness, where probably situated, Num. xxxiii. 15. Sincere, derivation and import of the term, Gen. xvii. 1; Phil. i. 10.
per attribute of Egypt, ibid. In shape somewhat like the ancient lyre, ibid.
Sitting, common manner of, in Eastern countries, Isa. lii. 2. Account of the Asiatic mode of sitting in state, ibid. Sitting on the ground, a token of sorrow among the ancients, Gen. xxxiii. 3; Job i. 20, ii. 13; Isa. iii 26.
Skins of the sacrifices appertained to the priests among both Jews and Gentiles, Lev. vii. 8. The heathen priests lay upon them in their temples in hope to have future things revealed to them in their dreams, ibid. This superstition prevails to the present day in the Highlands of Scotland, ibid.
Slaves employed in the Brazils to search for particles of gold and diamonds; and by a law of the state, he who finds a diamond of a given number of carats obtains his liberty, Prov. i. 4.
Slave trade, remarks on this odious traffic, Lev. xxii. 10; Hab. ii. 12.
Sleep of the soul, from the moment of the death of the body till the resurrection, a doctrine which cannot be legitimately deduced from the sacred oracles, Job xiv. 12.
Sling, a very ancient warlike instrument, Judg. xx. 16, The inhabitants of Majorca and Minorca the most famous slingers of antiquity, ibid. Observations respecting the velocity of the ball projected from the sling, ibid. From what distance, according to Vegetius, expert slingers could in general hit the mark, ibid. Description of the sling that was in use among the Greeks and Hebrews, 1 Sam. xvii. 40. Quotation from Diodorus Siculus to show the great destructiveness of the missiles discharged by skilful hands from the slings, 1 Sam. xvii. 49.
Slot or track of the hart, observations on the, Psa. xvii., in fine.
Sloth, passage from the celebrated fable of, by Prodicus, describing the transparent garments of the ancients, Isa. iii. 23.
Sluggard, remarks on Solomon's very beautiful and instruc- tive parable of the, Prov. xxiv. 30, et seq. Smiting upon the thigh, a usual sign of deep affliction, Jer. xxxi. 19. Two quotations from the Iliad in illustration of this, ibid; Ezek. xxi. 12. Smoom, see Simoom.
Snare or toils, account of the, among the ancients, Isa. xxiv. 17, 18.
Snow, general definition of, Job xxxvii. 6. Mode of its forma- tion, ibid. Appearance of a flake of snow, as seen through a magnifying glass, ibid. To what the whiteness and light- ness of snow are owing, ibid. The immediate cause of the formation of snow not well understood, ibid. Snow an especial blessing of Providence in northern countries, ibid. Snow houses in use in the East, Prov. xxv. 13. Snow water, supposed by the ancients to have a more deter- gent quality than common water, Job ix. 30. Soap, what known at present by this name probably unknown to the ancients, Mal. iii. 2.
Sofas of the Asiatics, account of the, Isa. lii. 2. Solar light, how much it exceeds that of the full moon, Gen. i. 14. Dr. Herschel's very probable hypothesis that the solar light, abstractedly considered, is not the cause of heat, but that heat is the result of the action of the rays of light upon the atmosphere, Gen. i. 16.
Solar system, general view of the, Gen. i. 1; Psa. viii. 3. Solomon, son of David, the commencement of the reign of this monarch inauspicious, 1 Kings iii. 1. His marriage of Pharaoh's daughter shown to have been a direct violation of the law of God, ibid. His decision of the case brought before him by the two tavern-keepers à proof of his sound wisdom, penetration, and acquaintance with human nature, 1 Kings iii. 25. Great extent of Solomon's kingdom, 1 Kings iv. 21. In what the great wisdom of Solomon consisted, 1 Kings iv. 29-33. Reasons advanced to show that this king was probably the writer of the book of Job, Preface to Job. The Iliad of Homer supposed by some to have been the work of Solomon, ibid. Solomon's dreadful apostacy, 1 Kings xi. 1, &c. Sketch of his reign and character, 1 Kings x1., in fine.
Solomon's throne, curious account of the, extracted from a Persian manuscript, 2 Chron. x., in fine.
Sistrum of Egypt, description of the, Isa. xviii. 1. This musical instrument given in a medal of Adrian as the pro- Solon, law of, excluding natural children from the paternal
Index to the Old Testament.
Song of Deborah and Barak, Kennicott's and Hales' obser- vations on the, Judg. v., in fine. Their versions of it in collateral columns, ibid.
Song of Moses, celebrating the discomfiture of the Egyptian host, and the miraculous passage of the Israelites through the Red Sea, the earliest specimen of epic poetry extant, Exod. xv. 1. Observations on the song which Moses com- posed a short time before his death, Deut. xxii., in fine. Song of Solomon, various opinions respecting this composi- tion, Introduction to Solomon's Song. Harmer's view of the design of the Canticles, ibid. Considered by some as a regular drama, ibid. Dr. Mason Good considered the Canticles as a collection of sacred idyls, twelve in number, ibid. Scheme of the idyls, according to this celebrated critic, ibid. See Canticles.
Songs, sacred and profane, in great repute from very remote antiquity, Exod. xv. 1; Deut. xxxi. 19. The record of things of great importance, and of common concern, whether in verse or prose, generally sung by the ancients, Deut. xxxi. 19.
Sophocles, passage in the Antigone of, very similar to one in the book of Psalms, Psa. cxxi. 4.
Suphonites, a people mentioned by Ptolemy, whence they pro- bably had their name, Deut. i. 1.
Sophronia, anecdote concerning, as given by Tasso in the Gerusalemme Liberata, Josh. ii., in fine.
Sorek, valley of, where situated, Isa. v. 2. The vine of Sorek known to the Israelites, ibid.
Soul, doctrine of the materiality of the, has no place in the sacred records, Job xiv. 12.
Sound, how produced, Job xxxvii. 4. Its rate of travelling, ibid., xxxviii. 26.
Sovereigns of Persia, their affectation of the highest degrees of majesty, and even of Divine honours, Esth. iv. 11. Sparks, criticisms on the Hebrew words thus rendered, Job
Spears in very ancient times used by kings instead of dia- dems, and consecrated to the gods, 1 Sam. xviii. 11, xxvi.
Speech of ghosts, probable origin of the popular notion that this was a weak, stridulous, almost inarticulate sort of sound, Isa. xxix. 4.
Spinal marrow, or medulla oblongata, the silver cord of Scripture, Eccles. xii. 6.
Spirit, existence of an immaterial and immortal, in man, demonstrated, 1 Kings xvii. 22.
Spirits, remarks on the evocation of, 1 Sam. xxviii. 11, et in fine.
Spitting in any one's presence, a high offence among the Medes and Persians, Isa. 1. 6.
Spitting upon the ground, in speaking of any one's actions, an expression throughout the East of the utmost detesta- tion, ibid.
Spoils won in battles, customary among most people to dedi- cate a portion of these to the divinities to whom their suc- cesses have been attributed, 1 Chron. xxvi. 27. Sponde, Erovon, why this Greek word means both a covenant and a libation, Isa. xxx. 1,
Stacte, account of this gum, Exod. xxx. 34. Stag, incredible longevity attributed to some of these animals, Job. xxxix. 1. Remarkable inscription on a collar which was upon the neck of one taken by Charles VI. in the forest of Senlis, ibid.
Standing before the Lord, meaning of this phrase, Josh. xx. 9. Star, the supposition that Balaam's prophecy of a star to arise out of Jacob has a reference to the supernatural meteor which guided the magi to the place of our Lord's nativity, highly improbable, Num. xxiv. 19.
Stars, (fixed) with very great probability supposed to be suns, similar to that which occupies the lower focus of our sys-
tem, Gen. i. 16. Dr. Herschel's very ingenious theory concerning the fixed stars, ibid. Number of stars that can be seen with the naked eye in both hemispheres, Deut. i 10. Reflections upon the inconceivable multitude of stars scattered throughout the vast immensity of space, Deut. x.
Stars in their courses fighting against Sisera, what probably meant by this phrase, Judg. v. 20. Στεφανοφόροι, why the priests and priestesses among the ancient Greeks were so named, Exod. xxxix. 30. repewa, the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew word rakia, shown not to contain the sense of the sacred text, Gen. i. 6.
Stibium or antimony, employed in Asiatic countries to the present day in staining the eyes, 2 Kings ix. 30; Isa. iii. 16; Jer. iv. 30. Waring's account of this custom among the Persians, 2 Kings ix. 30. The Romans used stibium for the same purpose, according to Cyprian, ibid. Stiff neck, Bruce's remarks on the ancient custom to which the original thus rendered is supposed to have an allusion, Psa. lxxv. 5.
Eryuara of the ancients, what, Lev. xix. 23. Stile, construction of the, with which the ancients wrote on boards thinly spread over with wax, 2 Kings xxi. 13. Stomachs of the ox, description of the, and their particular uses, Lev. xi. 3.
Stone which Jacob set up for a pillar, foolish tradition con- cerning, Gen. xxviii. 18. Stone by which a Jewish criminal was stoned to death, why buried with him in the same grave, Isa. xv. 19.,
Stones which Joshua set up as a memorial of the passage of the Israelites through the Jordan, Dr. Kennicott's remarks concerning the, Josh iv. 9.
Stoning, Dr. Lightfoot's observations on the punishment of, among the Jews, Zech. xii. 3.
Errupa, why the few persons who are said to have survived the deluge of Deucalion are so named, 2 Sam. xiv. 7. Stories in the heavens, observations on this remarkable ex- pression, Amos ix. 6.
Storm, Virgil's description of the, that dispersed the fleet of Eneas, Psa. cvii. 26, et in fine.
Strabo, or Walfridus Strabus, account of this commentator, General Preface, p. 4.
Straw, various conjectures concerning the use of, in making brick, Exod. v. 7.
Street, derivation of the word, Job xxiii. 11. Some account of the four grand Roman or British streets or roads winch intersected this kingdom, ibid.
Stripping a man of his gown, the form of degradation from ecclesiastical offices among Roman Catholics and others, Num. xx. 26.
Substantive verb, a very frequent acceptation of the in the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Chaldæo-Syriac languages, Gen. xl.
Succoth, whence this place was probably so named, Exod. xii. 37; Num. xxxiii. 5; Josh. xiii. 27. The first station of the children of Israel after their departure from Egypt, Num. xxxiii. 5.
Succoth-benoth, an object of idolatry among the Babylonians, 2 Kings xvii. 30, et in fine. Conjectures respecting the meaning of the name, ibid. Very probably the same with the Melitta of Herodotus, ibid. Suffetes, the chief magistrates of the Carthaginians were so called, and why, Amos ii. 3.
Sukkiims, the same with the Troglodytes, 2 Chron. xii. 3. Sulphur, uses of, natural and superstitious, according to Pliny, Ovid, and Servius, Job xviii. 15.
Sultan, conjecture respecting the origin of this word, Gen. xlii. 6.
Summer parlour of Ehud, observations concerning the, Judg. iii. 20..
Sun, its amazing magnitude, telescopic appearance, &c., Gen. i. 16; Psa. viii. 3. An object of idolatrous worship among heathen nations, Exod. xii., in fine; Judg. viii. 21. Form used by the Egyptian priests in addressing the sun on behalf of a deceased person, that he might be admitted into the society of the gods, according to Porphyry, ibid. Standing still of the sun and moon at the command of Joshua explained agreeably to the Newtonian system of the
Index to the Old Testament.
universe, Josh. x. 11. Perigeal and apogeal distances, rela- tive volume, time of rotation, and mass or attractive power, of this great luminary of day, Gen. i. 1. Sundials, general observations on the invention and con- struction of, 2 Kings xx., in fine.
Supernatural directions and assistances, so frequent in ancient times, why not communicated now, 2 Sam. v., in fine. Suphah, o, a Hebrew word in which sense and sound are well expressed, Prov. i. 27.
Supper, why named cana by the Romans, according to Plu- tarch, Job xxxi. 17.
Susa or Shuster, the Shushan of Scripture, Neh. i. 1; Esth. i. 2.
Suwarrow, character of this late Russian general, 1 Kings ii. 25.
Swearing, remarks upon the form of, by putting the hand under the thigh, Gen. xxiv. 9.
Sword by which a Jewish criminal was beheaded, why buried with him in the same grave, Isa. xv. 19. Sword and arrow, metaphorically applied to powerful speech, Isa. xlix. 2.
Sycamore, whence the name is derived, 1 Kings x. 27. The ancient Egyptians made their coffins of the wood of this tree, Psa. lxxviii. 47. Barques constructed by the modern Egyptians of sycamore wood, ibid.
Syrene, where situated, Ezek. xxix. 10. Its modern name, ibid. Famous for a well into which the rays of the sun fell perpendicularly at midday, ibid.
Symbols of Scripture, explanation of the, Introduction to
Symmachus, a translator of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, some account of, General Preface, p. 21. Symphonia, Zvuowveia, what, Dan. iii. 5.
Synagogues, or places for religious worship among the Jews, shown to have been in existence long before the Babylonish captivity, Psa. lxxiv. 8.
Syracuse, account of the temporary preservation of this city by Archimedes, Eccles. ix. 14.
Syriac version of the Old Testament, some account of the, General Preface, p. 21.
Tabernacle, description of the, Exod. xxvi. 1-37. Calcula- tion of the total value and weight of all the gold, silver, and brass, contributed by the Israelites for the service of the tabernacle, Exod. xxxviii. 24.
Tabernacles, feast of, how celebrated, Exod. xxiii. 14. Tabor, Maundrell's description of this mount, and of the beautiful prospect from its summit, Judg. iv. 6. Tadmor in the wilderness, universally allowed to be the same with the celebrated Palmyra, 1 Kings ix. 18. Taghairm, Sir Walter Scott's account of this Highland super- stition, Isa. lxv. 8.
Tahapanes or Tahpanhes, a city of Egypt, the same with Daphne, Jer. ii. 16, xliii. 7. According to Jerome, the place where Jeremiah was stoned to death, Jer. xliii. 7. Tahath, the twenty-second station of the Israelites in the wil- derness, Num. xxxiii. 26.
Taisnier, author of a famous work on chiromancy, Job xxxvii. 7.
Tale, its derivation and import, Exod. v. 8. Talent of gold among the Hebrews, what was its value, Exod. xxxviii. 24. Valuation of the Babylonish talent of gold and silver, ibid. Calculation of the value, in British stand- ard, of the 120 talents of gold which the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon, 2 Chron. x., in fine. Valuation of the six hundred and sixty-six talents of gold that came to So- lomon in one year, 1 Kings x. 14; 2 Chron. ix., in fine. Talmud of Babylon, account of the, General Preface, p. 2. Talmud of Jerusalem, account of the, General Preface, p. 2.
Tambellit, Sir John Chardin's account of the, Gen. xlii. 25. Tammuz, see Thammuz.
Tancred, banner of, what, Psa. lx., in fine. Tanneenim,, translated whales, inquiry into the import of this word, Gen. i. 21.
Tarah, the twenty-third station of the Israelites in the wilder- ness, Num. xxxiii. 27.
Targets of beaten gold, calculation of the value of the two
hundred which Solomon put in the house of the forest of Lebanon, 2 Chron. x., in fine.
Targum on the two books of Chronicles, attributed to R. Jo- seph the Blind, account of the, General Preface, p. 2; Preface to the two books of Chronicles.
Targum, or Chaldee paraphrase on Solomon's Song, given at full length, Song of Solomon, in fine. Targum ascribed to Jonathan ben Üzziel, account of the, General Preface, p. 2.
Targum Yerushlemcy, account of the, General Preface, p. 1. Tarrentes, Vinisauf's account of, Exod. viii. 16. Tarshish, the place to which Jonah attempted to flee, various conjectures where situated, Jonah i. 3. Dr. Jubb's reason for thinking that to go to Tarshish and to Ophir is one and the same thing, Isa. ii. 13-16.
Tartak, an object of idolatrous worship among the Avites, 2 Kings xvii., in fine. Whence the name is probably derived, according to Parkhurst, ibid. What the emblem of this idol, according to the Jews, ibid. Tartan, the name of an office, and not a person, according to Calmet, 2 Kings xviii. 17.
Tartars or Tatars, their origin, Gen. x. 2. Tartarus or hell, opinion of the ancients respecting, Job xxvi. 6.
Tatian, author of a Harmony of the Four Gospels, General Preface, p. 3.
Tatnui's letter to Darius, remarks on, Ezra v., in fine. Tau, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, why probably so named, Psa. lxxviii. 41. Its form on the ancient Samaritan coins still extant, Ezek. ix. 4.
Taylor, (Dr.) remarkable reply of, to his persecutors, Job
Tebeth,, rendered ark, what it properly signifies, Gen vi. 14.
Teeth, description of the, Eccles. xii. 4. Names and uses of the three kinds of, in the human subject, ibid. Tehophnches, Tahpanhes, or Tahapanes, the same with the Pelusian Daphne, Ezek. xxx. 18. See Tahapanes. Telesm, corruptly called talisman, whence derived, and what it signifies, Num. xxxiii. 41; 1 Sam. vi., in fine. Descrip- tion and reported virtues of several telesms, 1 Sam. vi., in fine.
Temple, Dr. Delaney's remarks on the Divine original of the architecture of the, 1 Chron. xxviii. 18. Reflections on the spoliation of the temple by Titus, Exod. xxv. 31. Temple of Solomon, dimensions of the, in English measure, 1 Kings vi. 2. Reason why neither hammer, axé, nor any tool of iron, was suffered to be heard in the temple during the time of its building, 1 Kings vi. 7. Its description and history, according to Calmet and Josephus, 1 Kings vi., in fine.
Temple of Diana at Ephesus, some account of this celebra- ted edifice, 1 Kings vi., in fine.
Tent, portable, a necessary part of a traveller's baggage in countries subject to violent tempests, Isa. iv. 6. Tents, feast of, a pagan festival of antiquity, in imitation of the Jewish feast of tabernacles, Lev. xxiii. 34. Teraphim, various opinions concerning the, Gen. xxxi. 19; 1 Sam. xviii. 13; Isa. ii. 8.
Terebinth tree, the, ellah of Isaiah, according to Celsius, Isa. i. 29, 30.
Terror or formido, description of the, used by the ancients in hunting, Isa. xxiv. 17, 18. Tertullian, quotation of a remarkable passage from, to show that the heathens borrowed many of their religious rites from the Hebrews, Exod. xxvii., in fine. Quotation from a work against the heretic Marcion, attributed to Tertullian, respecting Gideon's three hundred men who were victori- ous over the Midianites, Judg. vii. 20. Thammuz or Tammuz, probably the same with Adonis, Ezek. viii. 3. Meaning of the name, Ezek. viii. 14. Tharafah, an eminent Arabic poet, Psa. lx., in principio. T'heb, anecdote of a prince who was required to pronounce this word, Judg. xii. 6.
Thebais, mountains of the desert of, described, Deut. xxxii. 10. Thebes, city of, the No of Jeremiah, see chap. xlvi. 25. Whence the fable respecting the manner of its being built probably originated, 2 Chron. xxxiv.
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