xxxi. The appearance of Samuel to this king after the
prophet's death shown to have been wholly independent
of the incantations of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii.
14.

Salisbury, ancient city of, was not situated where the modern
city of the same name now stands, Josh. xvi., in fine.
Salonius, bishop of Vienna, account of this commentator,
General Preface, p. 4.

Salsaria, salsolo, or saltwort, an extensive genus of plants,
Job xxx. 4.

Salt, an essential ingredient in all offerings, Jewish or pagan,
Lev. ii. 13.

Salt, sowing a place with, a custom in different nations to
express permanent desolation and abhorrence, Josh. ix. 45.
Some examples produced, ibid.

Salt Sea, where situated, Gen. xix. 45; Num. xxxiv. 3.
Salutation, various forms of, Gen. xxix. 6, xxxvii. 4, xliii.
29, xlviii. 20; 1 Sam. x. 4.

Samaria, slight sketch of its history, 1 Kings xvi. 24. Its
modern appellation, Isa. xxviii. 1.

Samaritan text, some account of the, General Preface, p.
20.

Samaritan version, character of the, General Preface, p. 20.
Samaritans, their present condition, according to Baron Syl-
vestre de Lacy, 2 Kings xvii. 27.

Samiel, a pestilential east wind, 1 Kings xx., in fine.`
Samson, why probably so named, Judg. xiii. 24. Sketch of
his character, Judg. xvi., in fine.

Samuel, derivation and import of the name, 1 Sam. i. 28.
Sketch of the character of this prophet, 1 Sam. xxv., in
fine.
Samuel, books of, very uncertain by whom written, Preface
to 1 Samuel. Calmet's conjecture concerning, ibid.
Several reasons advanced to show that the twenty-first
chapter of the second book of Samuel, as it stands in the
Hebrew, is in a state of great corruption, 2 Sam. xxi., in
fine..

Sanctification, Scripture doctrine of, Exod. xiii. 2.
Sanctuary, a part of the tabernacle, why so named, Exod.
XXV. 8. Its typical import, ibid.

Sandal tree, some account of the, Num. xxiv. 6.
Santeer, an Egyptian instrument of music, probably the
same with the psaltery, Dan. iii. 5. Dr. Russel's description
of it, ibid.

Sapphire, description of this precious stone, Exod. xxiv. 10;
Job xxviii. 16; Ezek. i. 26.
Saracens, memorable defeat of the, by the Spaniards, Ezek.

xxxix. 9.

Sarah, wife of Abraham, import of her name, Gen. xvii. 5.
In what this name possibly differs from Sarai, ibid.
Sarbal,, rendered hat, what its real import, Dan.

iii. 21.

Sarcasm, remarkable example of this figure of speech, Ezek.
XXXV. 6.

Sard, some account of this precious stone, Job xxviii. 16.
Sardius, description of this precious stone, Exod. xxviii.

17.

Sardonyx, account of this precious stone, Job xxviij. 16.
Sarepta or Zarephath, its present condition according to
Maundrell, 1 Kings xvii. 9.

Saris,, import of this word, Gen. xxxviii. 36.
Satan,, Zaravac, meaning of this word, 1 Kings v. 4,
xi. 14; Job i. 6,7. Not found in the plural number in the
originals of the Old and New Testaments, and the reason
assigned, Job. i. 6. Observations on the permission given
to this great adversary to tempt man, Job xiii., in fine.
Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Herschel or the Georgium
Sidus, tables of their motions, distances, &c., Gen. i. 1.
Radii of the orbits of these satellites in parts of the ecliptic,
as seen from the earth, when their primaries are at their
mean distances from, and in quartile aspect with, the sun,
Gen. i. 1. See Orbit.

Saturn, periodic and sidereal revolutions, semimajor axis of
orbit in English miles, mean perigeal and apogeal distances,
diameter, proportional bulk, time of rotation, inclination of
axis to orbit, mass, and mean hourly orbitical motion, of
this primary planet, Gen. i. 1.

Saul's malady, Dr. Scheuchzer's theory respecting, 1 Sam.
xvi. 14.

Saurin's singular apostrophe to Louis XIV., when treating
of the banishment of the Protestants from France by the
revocation of the edict of Nantz, 2 Sam. ii. 5.
Sauromates, from whom descended, according to Calmet,
Gen. x. 3.

Scale, Ainsworth's conjecture concerning the derivation of
this word, Gen. xx. 16.

Scupe-goat, ceremonies concerning the, and its very expres-
sive typical import, Lev. xvi.

Scaurus, (M.) valuation of his furniture which was burnt at
Tusculum, Esth. iii. 9.

Sceptre, swearing by the, usual among the ancients, Num.
xvii. 8. Quotations from Homer and Virgil illustrative of
the form of this oath, ibid.

Sceptre of gold worn by the ancient princes of Persia, Esth.
v. 2. Citation from Xenophon in illustration of this,
ibid.
Scheuchzer, (Dr. I. James) author of an elaborate work on
the natural history of the Bible, General Preface, p. 9.
Sciences and arts, the late amazing and extraordinarily rapid
discoveries and improvements in every department of the,
shown to be not the effect of chance, but the result of a
most gracious providence of God in behalf of his intelligent
offspring, Exod. xxviii. 3.

Schism in religion defined, Josh. xxii., in fine.
Schoettgenius, (Christian) author of Hora Hebraicæ et Tal-
mudica in Universum Novum Testamentum, General Pre-
face, p. 7.

Schultens, (Albert) a commentator on the book of Job, Gene-
ral Preface, p. 7.

Scinocephalus, an animal peculiarly sacred to the ancient
Egyptians, 2 Kings xvii., in fine. Of what it was reputed
hieroglyphical, and for what purpose kept in their temples,
ibid.

Scoffers, manner in which they turned into ridicule the warn-
ings of God by his prophets, Isa. xxviii. 9.

Scorpion, a military weapon among the Romans, why so
named, 1 Kings xii. 11.

Scotch woman, remarkable anecdote of a, Job xxxiv. 28.
Scott, (Rev. T.) author of a very useful commentary on the
Scriptures, General Preface, p. 9.

Scriptures, how divided by the Jews, Zech. vii. 7.
Scythians, whence they had their origin, Gen. x. 2. The

gog of Ezekiel, according to Houbigant, Ezek. xxxviii. 2.
Seah, what this Hebrew measure contained, according to
Bishop Cumberland, Gen. xviii. 6. See also Exod. xvi.
16.

Sealing up transgression in a bag, what meant by this ex-
pression among the ancients, Job xiv. 17.

Seals, for sealing clay, frequent in the East, Job xxxviii. 13.
Description of six of these seals in the author's possession,
ibid.

Seasons of the year, time of their commencement, according
to the Copts, Gen. vii. 22.

Sebaste, the ancient Samaria, Isa. xxviii. 1. Maundrell's
account of its situation, ibid.

Secondary planets, revolutions, distances, magnitudes, &c.,
of the, Gen. i. 1.

Sectarian marks of the ancients and moderns, some account
of the, Lev. xix. 28. More largely explained, Deut. xxxii.
5; Isa. xliv. 5, xlvi. 16; Ezek. ix. 4.

Sections of the law, table of the, as read in the different Jew-
ish synagogues for every Sabbath of the year; in which
are incorporated the haphtaroth or sections of the prophets,
as they are appointed to be read in the synagogues of the
Portuguese and Italian, and the German and Dutch Jews,
Deut. xxxiv., in fine. To determine the order of the
reading the pareshioth and haphtaroth for any given Jewish
year, the following tables, inserted at the end of the notes
on Deuteronomy, have been carefully constructed :-I. A
perpetual table, showing, through the course of thirteen
lunar cycles (which embrace every possible variation) the

day of the week with which the Jewish year begins and on
which the passover is held; as also the lengths of the
months Marchesvan and Cisleu. The radix of this table
is the rabbinical year of the world 5568, corresponding
with A. D. 1807, 1808. II. A table containing the whole
variations in the reading of the pareshioth for every year
(embolismic and common) of the Jewish cycle of 247 years.
III. and IV. Tables to determine upon what day of the
week any Jewish month commences for any given year,
as also the day of the week upon which the Jews celebrate
their principal fasts and festivals. V. Table containing
the order of reading the pareshioth and haphtaroth for
ninety Jewish years, L e., from A. M. 5572 to A. M. 5661,
(both inclusive,) connected with the corresponding dates in
the Christian era according to the Gregorian or New Style.
VI. Table containing the year of the Jewish lunar eycle,
the golden number, the first day of the Jewish passover,
Easter Sunday, and the commencement of each Jewish
-year, according to the Gregorian calendar, from A. D.
1812 to A. D. 1900 (both inclusive.)

Secutor, among the Romans, who, Job xix. 6; Mic. vii. 2.
Sedulius Hybernicus, account of this commentator, General
Preface, p. 4.

Seed of the woman, an epithet applicable only to our blessed
Lord, and why, Gen. iii. 15.

Seedtime at Aleppo, when it begins and terminates, Amos

ix. 13.

Seer, what intended by this word, 1 Sam. ix. 9; Introduction
to Isaiah. The words seer and prophet not altogether sy-
nonymous, 1 Sam. ix. 9.

Seething a kid in its mother's milk, observations on this very
ancient heathen custom, Exod. xxiii. 19.
Segor, o, what it imports, Job xxviii. 16.

Selah, various conjectures respecting the meaning of this
word, Psa. iii. 2. Probably a nota bene, or note of atten-
tion, Psa. iii. 2, iv. 2, 4, vii. 5, ix. 16, &c.

Selavim,, rendered quails, observations of Harmer
and others relative to the import of the original term, Exod.

xvi. 13.

Self-idolatry, instances of, from ancient authors, Hab. i. 16.
Semiramis, account by Diodorus Siculus of the marches of
this monarch into Media and Persia, Isa. xl. 3.
Seneca, citation of a passage from the Octavia of, very similar
to a verse in the Psalms, Psa. lv. 7.

Senir, where this mountain is situated, Ezek. xxvii. 5. Its
Sidonian and Hebrew name, ibid.

Sennacherib, king of Assyria, in what manner the destruction
of his immense army was probably effected, 2 Kings xix.

35.

Sennachies, among the ancient Celtic inhabitants, who, Num.

xxi. 27.

Sepharad, various conjectures respecting the place intended
by this name, Obad. 20.

Sepharvites, probably the same with the Saspires of Hero-
dotus, 2 Kings xvii., in fine.

Sepher,, rendered book, meaning of the original word,
Gen. v. 1.

Septuagint version, great importance of, to every minister of
the word of God, General Preface, p. 13; Esth. x., in
fine. When made, General Preface, p. 21; Psa. cii. 15;
Isa. Ixvi., in fine.

Sepulchres of the ancients, account of the, Isa. xxii. 16,
liii. 9.

Sepulture, forms of among the Hebrews, 1 Sam. xxxi. 12.
Serab, derivation and import of this Arabic word, Isa.

XXXV. 7.

Sesostris, in erecting temples all over Egypt, did not employ
a single Egyptian in the work, 1 Kings ix. 21.
This king
supposed by some to have been the same with Shishak,
who was contemporary with Solomon, 1 Kings xi. 40.
Seven, a number of perfection or completion among the He-
brews, Exod. xxix. 30; Psa. cxix. 164; Zech. iv. 2.
Seventy weeks of Daniel, Dean Prideaux's remarks on the,
Dan. ix. 24, &c. Collection of various readings in the
different MSS. of this very celebrated prophecy, Dan. ix.,
in fine.
Sexdigitism, examples of, in ancient and modern times,
2 Sam. xxi. 20. An instance of this sort known to the
Author, ibid.

Shaal,, unhappily rendered borrow, what its real signifi-
cation, Exod. iii. 22.

Shadow on the dial of Ahaz probably brought back by means
of refraction, 2 Kings xxi., in fine. Reasons for this sup-
position, ibid.

Shadrach, import of this name, Dan. i. 7.
Shah we Guddah, remarkable couplet in a Persian poem so
entitled, Psa. xxvii. 9. .
Shaking of the nations spoken of by Haggai, observations of
a correspondent relative to the, Hag. ii., in fine.
Shalashim,, inquiry into the import of this word,
2 Sam. xxiii. 13, 24.

Shalom, a term frequent in Hebrew salutations, its import,
Gen. xxix. 6, xxxvii. 4.
Shapher, the nineteenth station of the Israelites in the wil-
derness, Num. xxxiii. 23.

Sharp, (Dr.) archbishop of York, singular anecdote respecting,
Job xxiv., in fine.

Shaving the head, in Eastern countries, a token of a person
having abandoned Christianity and turned Mohammedan,
Deut. xxi. 12.

She-bear, remarkable instance of affection in a, 2 Sam. xvii.,
in fine. Observations on the destruction of forty-two
persons by two she-bears in the time of Elisha, 2 Kings
Shechem, one of the cities of refuge, import of the name,

11. 23.

Josh. xx. 7.

Shechinah, what, Exod. xxv. 22.

Sheep at Aleppo, Dr. Russel's account of the, Lev. in. 9.
Sheked, why the amygdalus communis, or common
almond tree, was so named by the Jews, Num. xvii. 8.
Shekel of the sanctuary, before the captivity, equal in weight
to three hundred and twenty grains of barley, Gen. xx. 16;
after the captivity, to three hundred and eighty-four grains,
ibid. Its value according to Prideaux, Gen. xxxii. 15,
xxxvii. 28; Exod. xxv. 39, xxx. 13, xxxix. 24,

Shem, Dr. Hales' account of the political condition of the
descendants of, Gen. ix. 20. Remarkable prophecy con-
cerning the Messiah, of whom Shem was appointed to be
the lineal ancestor, ibid.

Sheol, 3, what this word imports, Num. xvi. 30; Job vii.
10, xxiv. 19; Ezek. xxxii. 21; Hos. mi. 14.
Shephatim,, its derivation and import, Lev. xxvi. 15.
Shepherd, sentiment of a, as related by Virgil, when enrap-

tured with the elegy which his associate had composed
on their departed friend, Hos. xiv. 5.
Shepherd, (Miss Mary Freeman) her observations on the
genealogy of Job, and the time in which he is thought to
have lived, Preface to Job.

Shepherds, an abomination among the ancient Egyptians, and
why, Gen. xlvi. 34.

Shepherds of the people, moueves haov, a title given by the
ancient Greeks to sovereign princes, 2 Sam. v., in fine.
Sherah, daughter of Ephraim, why so named, according to the
Targum, 1 Chron. vii. 24.

Sheshbazzar, probably the Chaldean name of him who was
originally called Zerubbabel, Ezra i. 8. Corruption of the
sacred text relative to the number of sacred vessels of the
temple which were restored to Sheshbazzar, Ezra i. 11.
Shetum, D, falsely rendered in our English version, Num.

Shinar, the ancient name of Babylon, Dan. i. 2.
Ships of Tarshish, used metonymically for ships in general
employed in carrying on traffic between distant countries,
Isa. ii. 13-16.

Shittim wood, different opinions concerning the import of the
original term thus rendered, Exod. xxv. 5.

Shiver, this word evidently derived from the Hebrew word
shabar or shavar, Psa. li. 17.

Shoeing of horses with iron plates nailed to the hoof, unknown
to the ancients, Isa. v. 28. Description of the horseshoes
of leather and iron sometimes mentioned by ancient wri-
ters, ibid.

Shoes, pulling off the, an emblem of laying aside the pollu-
tions contracted by walking in the way of sin, Exod. iii, 5.
General agreement among Eastern nations to perform all
their acts of worship barefooted, ibid.

Shoes of matting, or rushes, always worn by the Egyptian
priests, Ezek. xliv. 17.

Shomeron, the same with Samaria, 1 Kings xiii. 32, xvi. 2.
Shopher,, a species of musical instrument, Psa. lxxxi. 3.
Shophetim,, a degree of civil distinction among the
Hebrews, Josh. xxiii. 2. See also the Preface to the book
of Judges.

Shoshabin or Paranymph, see Paranymph.

Shoshanim,, import of this term, Psa. xlv., in prin-

сіріо.

Shoterim,, a degree of civil distinction among the
Hebrews, Josh. xxiii: 2. In what the Shoterim differed
from the Shophetim, Deut. xvi. 18; Josh. i. 10.
Shrub we krub, a beautiful rill of water that runs into a basin
of Roman workmanship, Judg. v. 11. Why so named,
ibid.

Shual,, rendered for, inquiry into the precise import
of the original term, Judg. xv. 4. Dr. Kennicott's argu-
ments to show that Samson's destruction of the standing corn
of the Philistines was not effected by three hundred foxes
with one hundred and fifty firebrands, but by three hundred
handfuls or sheaves of corn, and one hundred and fifty fire-
brands, ibid. Reasons for rejecting the doctor's hypothesis,

ibid.

Shuner, (Agnes) extraordinary longevity of this woman, Pɛa.
xc., in fine.

Shushan-eduth, import of this term, Psa. lx., in principio.
Sibbah,, inquiry into the import of this term, 1 Kings
xii. 15.

סדרו

Sibyl, Cumean, Virgil's description of the seat of the, Isa.
xlv. 17.
Sidon, whence supposed to be derived, and its import,
Prov. xxxi. 24. The mother city of Tyre, Isa. xxiii. 4.
Sikera, Zikɛpa, the same with the date or palm wine, accord-
ing to Theodoret and Chrysostom, Isa. v. 11. See Sakar.
Silence, a species of reverence paid by the retinue, viziers,
foreign ambassadors, &c., of an Asiatic sovereign when he
goes to the mosque on any of the great festivals, Hab. ii.

20.

Siloah, brook of, where situated, Isa. viii. 6, 7.

Silver, account of the purification of, by the cupel. See
Cupel.

Silver cord, what to be understood by this phrase, Eccles.
xii. 6.

Simeon, import of this name, Gen. xxix. 33. The tribe of
Simeon generally believed among the Jews to have been
schoolmasters to the other tribes, Gen. xlix. 7.
Simoom or smoom, account of this very destructive Eastern
wind, Gen. xli. 6; Deut. xxviii. 22.

Simple, whence this word is derived, Prov. i. 4. Striking
contrast between its ancient and modern acceptation, ibid.
Sin, import of this word, Judg. xx. 16; 1 Sam. xvii. 49; Job
v. 24. Doctrine that there is no total deliverance from sin
in this life stated and refuted, 1 Kings viii. 46.
Sin, wilderness of, the seventh station of the Israelites in the
wilderness, where situated, Num. xxxiii. 11.
Sinai, whence this name is probably derived, Exod. iii. 1.
Sinai, wilderness of, the eleventh station of the Israelites in
the wilderness, where probably situated, Num. xxxiii. 15.
Sincere, derivation and import of the term, Gen. xvii. 1;
Phil. i. 10.

per attribute of Egypt, ibid. In shape somewhat like the
ancient lyre, ibid.

Sitting, common manner of, in Eastern countries, Isa. lii. 2.
Account of the Asiatic mode of sitting in state, ibid.
Sitting on the ground, a token of sorrow among the ancients,
Gen. xxxiii. 3; Job i. 20, ii. 13; Isa. iii 26.

Skins of the sacrifices appertained to the priests among both
Jews and Gentiles, Lev. vii. 8. The heathen priests lay
upon them in their temples in hope to have future things
revealed to them in their dreams, ibid. This superstition
prevails to the present day in the Highlands of Scotland,
ibid.

Slaves employed in the Brazils to search for particles of gold
and diamonds; and by a law of the state, he who finds a
diamond of a given number of carats obtains his liberty,
Prov. i. 4.

Slave trade, remarks on this odious traffic, Lev. xxii. 10;
Hab. ii. 12.

Sleep of the soul, from the moment of the death of the body
till the resurrection, a doctrine which cannot be legitimately
deduced from the sacred oracles, Job xiv. 12.

Sling, a very ancient warlike instrument, Judg. xx. 16, The
inhabitants of Majorca and Minorca the most famous
slingers of antiquity, ibid. Observations respecting the
velocity of the ball projected from the sling, ibid. From
what distance, according to Vegetius, expert slingers could
in general hit the mark, ibid. Description of the sling that
was in use among the Greeks and Hebrews, 1 Sam. xvii.
40. Quotation from Diodorus Siculus to show the great
destructiveness of the missiles discharged by skilful hands
from the slings, 1 Sam. xvii. 49.

Slot or track of the hart, observations on the, Psa. xvii., in
fine.

Sloth, passage from the celebrated fable of, by Prodicus,
describing the transparent garments of the ancients, Isa.
iii. 23.

Sluggard, remarks on Solomon's very beautiful and instruc-
tive parable of the, Prov. xxiv. 30, et seq.
Smiting upon the thigh, a usual sign of deep affliction, Jer.
xxxi. 19. Two quotations from the Iliad in illustration of
this, ibid; Ezek. xxi. 12.
Smoom, see Simoom.

Snare or toils, account of the, among the ancients, Isa. xxiv.
17, 18.

Snow, general definition of, Job xxxvii. 6. Mode of its forma-
tion, ibid. Appearance of a flake of snow, as seen through
a magnifying glass, ibid. To what the whiteness and light-
ness of snow are owing, ibid. The immediate cause of the
formation of snow not well understood, ibid. Snow an
especial blessing of Providence in northern countries, ibid.
Snow houses in use in the East, Prov. xxv. 13.
Snow water, supposed by the ancients to have a more deter-
gent quality than common water, Job ix. 30.
Soap, what known at present by this name probably unknown
to the ancients, Mal. iii. 2.

Sofas of the Asiatics, account of the, Isa. lii. 2.
Solar light, how much it exceeds that of the full moon, Gen.
i. 14. Dr. Herschel's very probable hypothesis that the
solar light, abstractedly considered, is not the cause of
heat, but that heat is the result of the action of the rays of
light upon the atmosphere, Gen. i. 16.

Solar system, general view of the, Gen. i. 1; Psa. viii. 3.
Solomon, son of David, the commencement of the reign of
this monarch inauspicious, 1 Kings iii. 1. His marriage of
Pharaoh's daughter shown to have been a direct violation
of the law of God, ibid. His decision of the case brought
before him by the two tavern-keepers à proof of his sound
wisdom, penetration, and acquaintance with human nature,
1 Kings iii. 25. Great extent of Solomon's kingdom,
1 Kings iv. 21. In what the great wisdom of Solomon
consisted, 1 Kings iv. 29-33. Reasons advanced to show
that this king was probably the writer of the book of Job,
Preface to Job. The Iliad of Homer supposed by some to
have been the work of Solomon, ibid. Solomon's dreadful
apostacy, 1 Kings xi. 1, &c. Sketch of his reign and
character, 1 Kings x1., in fine.

Solomon's throne, curious account of the, extracted from a
Persian manuscript, 2 Chron. x., in fine.

Song of Deborah and Barak, Kennicott's and Hales' obser-
vations on the, Judg. v., in fine. Their versions of it in
collateral columns, ibid.

Song of Moses, celebrating the discomfiture of the Egyptian
host, and the miraculous passage of the Israelites through
the Red Sea, the earliest specimen of epic poetry extant,
Exod. xv. 1. Observations on the song which Moses com-
posed a short time before his death, Deut. xxii., in fine.
Song of Solomon, various opinions respecting this composi-
tion, Introduction to Solomon's Song. Harmer's view of
the design of the Canticles, ibid. Considered by some as
a regular drama, ibid. Dr. Mason Good considered the
Canticles as a collection of sacred idyls, twelve in number,
ibid. Scheme of the idyls, according to this celebrated
critic, ibid. See Canticles.

Songs, sacred and profane, in great repute from very remote
antiquity, Exod. xv. 1; Deut. xxxi. 19. The record of
things of great importance, and of common concern,
whether in verse or prose, generally sung by the ancients,
Deut. xxxi. 19.

Sophocles, passage in the Antigone of, very similar to one in
the book of Psalms, Psa. cxxi. 4.

Suphonites, a people mentioned by Ptolemy, whence they pro-
bably had their name, Deut. i. 1.

Sophronia, anecdote concerning, as given by Tasso in the
Gerusalemme Liberata, Josh. ii., in fine.

Sorek, valley of, where situated, Isa. v. 2. The vine of Sorek
known to the Israelites, ibid.

Soul, doctrine of the materiality of the, has no place in the
sacred records, Job xiv. 12.

Sound, how produced, Job xxxvii. 4. Its rate of travelling,
ibid., xxxviii. 26.

Sovereigns of Persia, their affectation of the highest degrees
of majesty, and even of Divine honours, Esth. iv. 11.
Sparks, criticisms on the Hebrew words thus rendered, Job

v. 7.

Spears in very ancient times used by kings instead of dia-
dems, and consecrated to the gods, 1 Sam. xviii. 11, xxvi.

12.

Speech of ghosts, probable origin of the popular notion that
this was a weak, stridulous, almost inarticulate sort of sound,
Isa. xxix. 4.

Spinal marrow, or medulla oblongata, the silver cord of
Scripture, Eccles. xii. 6.

Spirit, existence of an immaterial and immortal, in man,
demonstrated, 1 Kings xvii. 22.

Spirits, remarks on the evocation of, 1 Sam. xxviii. 11, et in
fine.

Spitting in any one's presence, a high offence among the
Medes and Persians, Isa. 1. 6.

Spitting upon the ground, in speaking of any one's actions,
an expression throughout the East of the utmost detesta-
tion, ibid.

Spoils won in battles, customary among most people to dedi-
cate a portion of these to the divinities to whom their suc-
cesses have been attributed, 1 Chron. xxvi. 27.
Sponde, Erovon, why this Greek word means both a covenant
and a libation, Isa. xxx. 1,

Stacte, account of this gum, Exod. xxx. 34.
Stag, incredible longevity attributed to some of these animals,
Job. xxxix. 1. Remarkable inscription on a collar which
was upon the neck of one taken by Charles VI. in the forest
of Senlis, ibid.

Standing before the Lord, meaning of this phrase, Josh. xx. 9.
Star, the supposition that Balaam's prophecy of a star to arise
out of Jacob has a reference to the supernatural meteor
which guided the magi to the place of our Lord's nativity,
highly improbable, Num. xxiv. 19.

Stars, (fixed) with very great probability supposed to be suns,
similar to that which occupies the lower focus of our sys-

tem, Gen. i. 16. Dr. Herschel's very ingenious theory
concerning the fixed stars, ibid. Number of stars that can
be seen with the naked eye in both hemispheres, Deut. i
10. Reflections upon the inconceivable multitude of stars
scattered throughout the vast immensity of space, Deut. x.

14.

Stars in their courses fighting against Sisera, what probably
meant by this phrase, Judg. v. 20.
Στεφανοφόροι, why the priests and priestesses among the
ancient Greeks were so named, Exod. xxxix. 30.
repewa, the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew word
rakia, shown not to contain the sense of the sacred
text, Gen. i. 6.

Stibium or antimony, employed in Asiatic countries to the
present day in staining the eyes, 2 Kings ix. 30; Isa. iii.
16; Jer. iv. 30. Waring's account of this custom among
the Persians, 2 Kings ix. 30. The Romans used stibium
for the same purpose, according to Cyprian, ibid.
Stiff neck, Bruce's remarks on the ancient custom to which
the original thus rendered is supposed to have an allusion,
Psa. lxxv. 5.

Eryuara of the ancients, what, Lev. xix. 23.
Stile, construction of the, with which the ancients wrote on
boards thinly spread over with wax, 2 Kings xxi. 13.
Stomachs of the ox, description of the, and their particular
uses, Lev. xi. 3.

Stone which Jacob set up for a pillar, foolish tradition con-
cerning, Gen. xxviii. 18. Stone by which a Jewish
criminal was stoned to death, why buried with him in the
same grave, Isa. xv. 19.,

Stones which Joshua set up as a memorial of the passage of
the Israelites through the Jordan, Dr. Kennicott's remarks
concerning the, Josh iv. 9.

Stoning, Dr. Lightfoot's observations on the punishment of,
among the Jews, Zech. xii. 3.

Errupa, why the few persons who are said to have survived
the deluge of Deucalion are so named, 2 Sam. xiv. 7.
Stories in the heavens, observations on this remarkable ex-
pression, Amos ix. 6.

Storm, Virgil's description of the, that dispersed the fleet of
Eneas, Psa. cvii. 26, et in fine.

Strabo, or Walfridus Strabus, account of this commentator,
General Preface, p. 4.

Straw, various conjectures concerning the use of, in making
brick, Exod. v. 7.

Street, derivation of the word, Job xxiii. 11. Some account
of the four grand Roman or British streets or roads winch
intersected this kingdom, ibid.

Stripping a man of his gown, the form of degradation from
ecclesiastical offices among Roman Catholics and others,
Num. xx. 26.

Substantive verb, a very frequent acceptation of the in the
Hebrew, Chaldee, and Chaldæo-Syriac languages, Gen. xl.

12.

Succoth, whence this place was probably so named, Exod. xii.
37; Num. xxxiii. 5; Josh. xiii. 27. The first station of
the children of Israel after their departure from Egypt,
Num. xxxiii. 5.

Succoth-benoth, an object of idolatry among the Babylonians,
2 Kings xvii. 30, et in fine. Conjectures respecting the
meaning of the name, ibid. Very probably the same with
the Melitta of Herodotus, ibid.
Suffetes, the chief magistrates of the Carthaginians were so
called, and why, Amos ii. 3.

Sukkiims, the same with the Troglodytes, 2 Chron. xii. 3.
Sulphur, uses of, natural and superstitious, according to Pliny,
Ovid, and Servius, Job xviii. 15.

Sultan, conjecture respecting the origin of this word, Gen.
xlii. 6.

Summer parlour of Ehud, observations concerning the, Judg.
iii. 20..

Sun, its amazing magnitude, telescopic appearance, &c.,
Gen. i. 16; Psa. viii. 3. An object of idolatrous worship
among heathen nations, Exod. xii., in fine; Judg. viii. 21.
Form used by the Egyptian priests in addressing the sun
on behalf of a deceased person, that he might be admitted
into the society of the gods, according to Porphyry, ibid.
Standing still of the sun and moon at the command of
Joshua explained agreeably to the Newtonian system of the

universe, Josh. x. 11. Perigeal and apogeal distances, rela-
tive volume, time of rotation, and mass or attractive power,
of this great luminary of day, Gen. i. 1.
Sundials, general observations on the invention and con-
struction of, 2 Kings xx., in fine.

Supernatural directions and assistances, so frequent in ancient
times, why not communicated now, 2 Sam. v., in fine.
Suphah, o, a Hebrew word in which sense and sound are
well expressed, Prov. i. 27.

Supper, why named cana by the Romans, according to Plu-
tarch, Job xxxi. 17.

Susa or Shuster, the Shushan of Scripture, Neh. i. 1; Esth.
i. 2.

Suwarrow, character of this late Russian general, 1 Kings ii.
25.

Swearing, remarks upon the form of, by putting the hand
under the thigh, Gen. xxiv. 9.

Sword by which a Jewish criminal was beheaded, why buried
with him in the same grave, Isa. xv. 19.
Sword and arrow, metaphorically applied to powerful speech,
Isa. xlix. 2.

Sycamore, whence the name is derived, 1 Kings x. 27. The
ancient Egyptians made their coffins of the wood of this
tree, Psa. lxxviii. 47. Barques constructed by the modern
Egyptians of sycamore wood, ibid.

Syrene, where situated, Ezek. xxix. 10. Its modern name,
ibid. Famous for a well into which the rays of the sun fell
perpendicularly at midday, ibid.

Symbols of Scripture, explanation of the, Introduction to

Isaiah.

Symmachus, a translator of the Hebrew Scriptures into
Greek, some account of, General Preface, p. 21.
Symphonia, Zvuowveia, what, Dan. iii. 5.

Synagogues, or places for religious worship among the Jews,
shown to have been in existence long before the Babylonish
captivity, Psa. lxxiv. 8.

Syracuse, account of the temporary preservation of this city
by Archimedes, Eccles. ix. 14.

Syriac version of the Old Testament, some account of the,
General Preface, p. 21.

T.

Tabernacle, description of the, Exod. xxvi. 1-37. Calcula-
tion of the total value and weight of all the gold, silver,
and brass, contributed by the Israelites for the service of the
tabernacle, Exod. xxxviii. 24.

Tabernacles, feast of, how celebrated, Exod. xxiii. 14.
Tabor, Maundrell's description of this mount, and of the
beautiful prospect from its summit, Judg. iv. 6.
Tadmor in the wilderness, universally allowed to be the same
with the celebrated Palmyra, 1 Kings ix. 18.
Taghairm, Sir Walter Scott's account of this Highland super-
stition, Isa. lxv. 8.

Tahapanes or Tahpanhes, a city of Egypt, the same with
Daphne, Jer. ii. 16, xliii. 7. According to Jerome, the
place where Jeremiah was stoned to death, Jer. xliii. 7.
Tahath, the twenty-second station of the Israelites in the wil-
derness, Num. xxxiii. 26.

Taisnier, author of a famous work on chiromancy, Job
xxxvii. 7.

Tale, its derivation and import, Exod. v. 8.
Talent of gold among the Hebrews, what was its value, Exod.
xxxviii. 24. Valuation of the Babylonish talent of gold
and silver, ibid. Calculation of the value, in British stand-
ard, of the 120 talents of gold which the queen of Sheba
gave to King Solomon, 2 Chron. x., in fine. Valuation of the
six hundred and sixty-six talents of gold that came to So-
lomon in one year, 1 Kings x. 14; 2 Chron. ix., in fine.
Talmud of Babylon, account of the, General Preface, p. 2.
Talmud of Jerusalem, account of the, General Preface,
p. 2.

Tambellit, Sir John Chardin's account of the, Gen. xlii. 25.
Tammuz, see Thammuz.

Tancred, banner of, what, Psa. lx., in fine.
Tanneenim,, translated whales, inquiry into the import
of this word, Gen. i. 21.

Tarah, the twenty-third station of the Israelites in the wilder-
ness, Num. xxxiii. 27.

Targets of beaten gold, calculation of the value of the two

hundred which Solomon put in the house of the forest of
Lebanon, 2 Chron. x., in fine.

Targum on the two books of Chronicles, attributed to R. Jo-
seph the Blind, account of the, General Preface, p. 2;
Preface to the two books of Chronicles.

Targum, or Chaldee paraphrase on Solomon's Song, given
at full length, Song of Solomon, in fine.
Targum ascribed to Jonathan ben Üzziel, account of the,
General Preface, p. 2.

Targum Yerushlemcy, account of the, General Preface, p. 1.
Tarrentes, Vinisauf's account of, Exod. viii. 16.
Tarshish, the place to which Jonah attempted to flee, various
conjectures where situated, Jonah i. 3. Dr. Jubb's reason
for thinking that to go to Tarshish and to Ophir is one and
the same thing, Isa. ii. 13-16.

Tartak, an object of idolatrous worship among the Avites,
2 Kings xvii., in fine. Whence the name is probably derived,
according to Parkhurst, ibid. What the emblem of this
idol, according to the Jews, ibid.
Tartan, the name of an office, and not a person, according to
Calmet, 2 Kings xviii. 17.

Tartars or Tatars, their origin, Gen. x. 2.
Tartarus or hell, opinion of the ancients respecting, Job
xxvi. 6.

Tatian, author of a Harmony of the Four Gospels, General
Preface, p. 3.

Tatnui's letter to Darius, remarks on, Ezra v., in fine.
Tau, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, why probably so
named, Psa. lxxviii. 41. Its form on the ancient Samaritan
coins still extant, Ezek. ix. 4.

Taylor, (Dr.) remarkable reply of, to his persecutors, Job

xix. 22.

Tebeth,, rendered ark, what it properly signifies, Gen
vi. 14.

Teeth, description of the, Eccles. xii. 4. Names and uses
of the three kinds of, in the human subject, ibid.
Tehophnches, Tahpanhes, or Tahapanes, the same with the
Pelusian Daphne, Ezek. xxx. 18. See Tahapanes.
Telesm, corruptly called talisman, whence derived, and what
it signifies, Num. xxxiii. 41; 1 Sam. vi., in fine. Descrip-
tion and reported virtues of several telesms, 1 Sam. vi., in
fine.

Temple, Dr. Delaney's remarks on the Divine original of the
architecture of the, 1 Chron. xxviii. 18. Reflections on
the spoliation of the temple by Titus, Exod. xxv. 31.
Temple of Solomon, dimensions of the, in English measure,
1 Kings vi. 2. Reason why neither hammer, axé, nor any
tool of iron, was suffered to be heard in the temple during
the time of its building, 1 Kings vi. 7. Its description and
history, according to Calmet and Josephus, 1 Kings vi., in
fine.

Temple of Diana at Ephesus, some account of this celebra-
ted edifice, 1 Kings vi., in fine.

Tent, portable, a necessary part of a traveller's baggage in
countries subject to violent tempests, Isa. iv. 6.
Tents, feast of, a pagan festival of antiquity, in imitation of
the Jewish feast of tabernacles, Lev. xxiii. 34.
Teraphim, various opinions concerning the, Gen. xxxi. 19;
1 Sam. xviii. 13; Isa. ii. 8.

Terebinth tree, the, ellah of Isaiah, according to Celsius,
Isa. i. 29, 30.

Terminus, see Landmark.

Terror or formido, description of the, used by the ancients
in hunting, Isa. xxiv. 17, 18.
Tertullian, quotation of a remarkable passage from, to show
that the heathens borrowed many of their religious rites
from the Hebrews, Exod. xxvii., in fine. Quotation from
a work against the heretic Marcion, attributed to Tertullian,
respecting Gideon's three hundred men who were victori-
ous over the Midianites, Judg. vii. 20.
Thammuz or Tammuz, probably the same with Adonis,
Ezek. viii. 3. Meaning of the name, Ezek. viii. 14.
Tharafah, an eminent Arabic poet, Psa. lx., in principio.
T'heb, anecdote of a prince who was required to pronounce
this word, Judg. xii. 6.

Thebais, mountains of the desert of, described, Deut. xxxii. 10.
Thebes, city of, the No of Jeremiah, see chap. xlvi. 25.
Whence the fable respecting the manner of its being built
probably originated, 2 Chron. xxxiv.