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Index to the Old Testament.

Oded, remarks on the beautiful speech of this prophet to the
Israelites, 2 Chron. xxviii. 9.

Offerings, Jewish, general account of the, Lev. vii., in fine.
The reference in which they all stood to the great sacrifice
offered by Christ, ibid.

Og, king of Bashan, remarks upon his very great stature,
Deut. iii. 11. Extreme trifling of the rabbins upon this

subject, ibid.

Oil, anointing with, an ancient method of installation to par-
ticular offices, Exod. xxix. 7.

Oil, holy anointing, its component parts, and the quantity of
each ingredient, Exod. xxx. 21.

Oil, trial by boiling, a species of ordeal among the Hindoos,
Num. v., in fine.

Olam,, inquiry into its general import, Gen. xiii. 15,
xvii. 7, 8, xxi. 33; Exod. xii. 14; Num. xxv. 13; 2 Kings
v. 27; Eccles. iii. 11, 12, xii. 15; Mic. v. 2; Hab. iii. 6.
Olam haba, y, the world to come, a phrase applied by
the Jews to the days of the Messiah, Heb. ii. 5.
Old age, great reverence paid to, by the ancient and modern
Egyptians, Gen. xlviii. 12; by the ancient Romans, ibid;
and even to this day by the Mohammedans, ibid. Bacon's
grand secret for the strengthening of the natural heat in
aged persons, Ruth iv. 16; 1 Kings i., in fine.
Olives, mount of, Zech. xiv. 4.

Omer, some account of this Hebrew measure of capacity,
Exod. xvi. 16.

Omniscience of God, thoughts concerning the, Gen. xvi. 15.
On or Aven, the famous Heliopolis, Ezek. xxx. 17.
Only Son, Christ the, see on Psa. xxii. 20.
Onycha, account of this perfume, Exod. xxx. 34.
Onyx, the name of a precious stone, whence it has its name,
Gen. ii. 12; Exod. xxv. 7; Job xxviii. 16. The Hebrew
word so translated of uncertain import, Exod. xxviii. 17.
Opal, its component parts, Job xxxviii. 38.

Opes, riches, whence derived, Gen. xxxiii. 19.

Ophel, a part of Mount Sion, rising higher than the rest, Isa.
xxxii. 14.

Ophiamanteia of the Greeks, what, Lev. xix. 26.

Ophir, situation of, utterly unknown, 1 Kings ix. 28. Dr.
Jubb's conjecture, Isa. ii. 13-16.

Ophthalmia, how generally caused in Egypt, Deut. xxviii. 24.
Optic nerve, account of the, Eccles. xii. 3.

Oracles of the heathens expressed in such dubious language
as to appear to be fulfilled in whatever way the events might
happen, 1 Kings xxii. 15. Some examples produced, ibid.
The pagan oracles generally delivered their answers from
some deep and obscure cavern, Isa. xlv. 19.
Orange garden of the emir of Beroot, Maundrell's description
of the, Isa. i. 30.

Orbits, mean hourly motions of the primary planets in their,
Gen. i. 1. Inclination of the axes of rotation of the earth,
moon, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn to the planes of their
orbits, Gen. i. 1. Angles with the semidiameters of the
orbits of the satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Herschel sub-
tend, as seen from the earth, when the radii vectores of
their primaries are equal to one half of the latera transversa,
or principal diameters of the ellipses in which they move
round the sun, ibid.

Ordeal, trial by, some account of the, Num. v., in fine.
Why called Judicium Dei, "The judgment of God," ibid.
Supposed to have taken its origin from the waters of jea-
lousy, ibid.

Oreb, a prince of the Midianites, import of his name, Judg.vii. 25.
Origen, account of this commentator, General Preface, p. 3.
Specimens of his very fanciful interpretation of Scripture,
Exod. i., in fine. Num. xii. 14. His thoughts on the
miracle of the fleece, dew, and dry ground, Judg. vi., in |
fine. Origen's account of a dispute he had with some of
the Jews relative to a passage in Isaiah, Isa. liii. 8.
Original sin, doctrine of, Job xiv. 4; Psa. li. 5.
Orion, Hebrew word so translated of very uncertain import,
Job ix. 9. The constellation of Orion, according to Mr.
Good, a correct and elegant synecdoche for the winter at
large, Job xxxviii. 31.

Ornaments upon the heads, necks, bodies, and legs of camels,
horses, and elephants, common from the remotest antiquity,
Judg. viii. 21. Seven kinds of ornaments still in use in
Asiatic countries, Gen. xxiv, 22.

Orpheus, remarks on the fable concerning this very celebrated
musician of antiquity, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 12.
Osiris, description of a beautiful marble figure of, in the au-
thor's possession, 1 Sam. vi., in fine.
Ossifrage, why this animal is so named, Lev. xi. 13. '
Ostracism, among the Greeks, what, Gen. xxvi. 16.
markable saying of Bacon upon this subject, ibid.
Ostrich, observations on its remarkable flectness, Job xxxix.
13, 18. Natural history of this bird, as given by Dr. Shaw,
Job xxxix., in fine; Mic. i. 8.

Re-

Oth,, translated sign, inquiry into its import, Gen. i. 14;
Deut. xiii. 1.

Ottoman court, conjecture why called the Porte, Isa. xxix.

21.

Ovid's account of the ceremonies used in laying the founda-
tions of the walls of the city of Rome by Romulus, Neh.
xii. 27. The fable of Dædalus and Icarus very beautifully
moralized by this great Roman poet, Prov. xxv. 7.
Or, particular description of its four stomachs, Lev. xi. 3.
This animal, an object of idolatrous worship among the
ancient Egyptians, Hos. viii. 5.

Oxen, the Hebrew word thus rendered most clearly a corrup-
tion of the sacred text, 2 Chron. iv. 3.
Oxurunchus, an Egyptian idol, Exod. xx. 4.
Oxygen, a constituent part of water, Gen. vii. 11, viii. 1;
Job xxxviii. 26; Jer. x. 13.

P.

Padan-aram, the same with Mesopotamia, Gen. xxxv. 26.
Pagan priests believed by their adherents to have been able
to walk on burning coals unhurt, Dan. iii. 27. Quotation
from Virgil in illustration of this circumstance, ibid. How
the feet of the priests were enabled to resist the action of
the fire, according to Varro, ibid.

Pagans, notion among the, that every district had its tutelary
deity, who could do nothing out of his own sphere, 1 Kings
xx. 23; Kings xvii. 25.

Pall, ceremony of the, among the Romanists, 1 Kings xix.,
in fine.

Pallacopas or Naharaga, a canal made by Nebuchadnezzar,
by which the redundant waters of the Euphrates were car-
ried into a vast lake forty miles square, Isa. xliv. 27.
Palladium, the Greeks employed all their artifice to steal away
this from the Trojans, and why, Num. xxii. 6. Conjecture
that the Trojan palladium was an aerolith, Josh. x. Ì1.
Pallas, distances from the sun and earth, diameter, and rela-
tive surface and volume, of this primary planet, Gem i. 1.
Palliatus, why this word is used to signify a Greek, 1 Kings
xix., in fine.

Palma Christi, account of the, as given by Celsus, Jonah
iv. 6.

Palm tree, its description and various uses, Pa. xcii. 12.
Leaves of the palm tree used in the East instead of paper,
Job xix. 23.

Ac-

Palm wine, how made by the ancients, according to Pliny,
Isa. v. 11. The Jews had plenty of this wine, ibid.
cording to Theodoret and Chrysostom, the same with the
sacar of the Hebrews, and the oikɛpa of the Greeks,
ibid.
Palmyra, some account of the ruins of, 1 Kings ix. 18.
Panoply, ordinary weight of a soldier's, according to Plutarch,
1 Sam. xvii. 7.

Paphlagonians, conjecture concerning their origin, Gen. x. 3.
Papyrus of Egypt, description and use of this very celebra-
ted plant, Exod. ii. 3; Esth. x., in fine; Isa. xviii. 1. Its
Linnæan classification and description, Job viii. 11.
rarde's account of this plant, ibid.

Ge-

Parable or allegory, example of a, in which a variety of ima-
ges are employed, all taken from the science of agriculture,
Isa. xxviii. 23-28.

Parabolic style of the Hebrews, some very striking examples
of the, Isa. ii. 13-16, xiii. 10, xxiv. 21-23, xxvii. 1,
xli. 19, xlii. 7, xlviii. 21, xlix. 23, liv. 11, 12, lv. 13,
lx., in principio.

Paradise, its derivation and import, Gen. ii. 8; Eccles. ü. 5.
Notion of the Mohammedans respecting Paradise, ibid.
Great variety of opinions concerning its situation, Gen. ii.

10.

Paragogic letters in the Hebrew always increase and deepen

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Index to the Old Testament.

the meaning of the words to which they are attached, Psa. | Pharmacy, in great repute among the ancient Egyptians,
lxxxix. 16.
Parca, or the Fates, fable of, Job vii. 6, xxxiii. 22.

Pareshioth, see Sections of the Law.

Paronomasia or play upon words, instances of, Num. xviii.
2; Job xxxi., in fine; Isa. v. 7, xxiv. 17, 18, xxv. 11,
xxxii. 7, xxxviii. 17, lxi. 3; Jer. i. 12; Amos v. 5, viii.
2; Mic. i. 10.

Paros, one of the Cyclade islands, famous for its white mar-
ble, 1 Chron. xxix. 2.

Parr, (Thomas) his great age, Job xiv. 5; Psa. xc., in fine.
Partridges, manner of hunting, among the Arabs, 1 Sam.
xxvi. 20.

Passages, tables of, in the New Testament cited from the
Old, Mal. iv., in fine.

Passover, a Jewish festival, whence so named, Exod. xii. 11;
Deut. xvi. 1; Isa. xxxi. 5. Its typical import, Exod. xii.
27. The heathen sacrifice termed propter viam probably
borrowed from this Jewish ordinance, Exod. xii. 10.
Pastoral, definition of the, Introduction to Solomon's Song.
Pathros, conjectures where situated, Ezek. xxix. 14, xxx. 14.
Patrick, (Dr. Simon) a celebrated commentator on the Old
Testament, General Preface, p. 7.

Pavilion, derivation of this word, 1 Kings xx. 12; Psa.
xxvii. 5.

Paz,, its derivation and import, Job xxviii. 17.
Pearce, (Dr. Zachary) author of an excellent commentary on
the Four Gospels, the Acts, and the First Epistle to the
Corinthians, General Preface, p. 8.

Pearl, the production of a shell-fish of the oyster kind, called
berberi, Job xxviii. 18. Sometimes found in the common
oyster and muscle, ibid. Six pearls taken out of one oyster
by the author, ibid. Account of a pearl which formed the
entire body of a Hindoo idol, ibid.

Pecunia, money, whence derived, Psa. xv. 5.
Peleg, the son of Eber, from what circumstance he had his
name,
Gen. x. 25. What is probably meant by the division
of the earth which happened in his time, ibid.
Peninnah, import of the name, 1 Sam. i. 2.
Pentateuch, Dr. Priestley's excellent observations respecting
the, Deut. xxiv., in fine.

Pentecost, feast of, why instituted, Exod. xxiii. 14.
Peraoth, rendered revenges, what it properly imports,
Deut. xxxii. 42.

Perfection, Christian, doctrine of, stated and defended, Gen.
xvii. 1; Psa. cxix. 96.

Perfume, holy, its component parts, Exod. xxx. 34.
Perfumes, Eastern, account of the, Isa. iii. 24.
Perfuming the head, beard, and other parts of the bodies of
guests very frequent in the East, Prov. xxvii. 9. Descrip-
tion of two vessels in the author's possession, employed for
this purpose, ibid.

Peri,, import of this word when employed as a memorial
symbol, Masoretic notes at the end of Deuteronomy.
Perillus, the first person burned alive in the brazen bull which
he had made for the punishment of others, Esth. vii. 9.
Пepimua, a sacrificial term among the ancient pagans, Lev.

xvi. 10.

Perizzites, where these people were probably situated, Josh.
iii. 10.

Perpetual fire of the Hebrews imitated by the ancient Persian

Magi, and their descendants the Parsees, Lev. vi. 13. Per-
petual fire in the temple of Vesta, Lev. ix. 23.
Perpetual table, showing, through the course of thirteen lunar
cycles, the day of the week with which the Jewish year
begins, and on which the passover is held, as also the length
of the months Marchesvan and Cisleu, Deut. xxxiv., in
fine.

Persic version of the Pentateuch, some account of the, Ge-
neral Preface, p. 22.

Phagrus, an ancient object of idolatry, Exod. xx. 4.
Phalarica or falarica, a dart or spear with a spherical leaden
head, to which fire was attached, Psa. lxxvi. 3, cxx. 4.
Why so named, ibid.

Pharaoh, a common name for the kings of Egypt till the com-
mencement of the monarchy of the Greeks, Gen. xii. 15,
xli. 44; Exod. i. 11. Why Pharaoh is called in the Koran
the lord or master of the nails, Isa. xxii. 23.
Phares, import of the name, Gen. xxxviii. 29,

Exod. xii., in fine.

Pharpar, a river of Damascus, reason for supposing that the
river known by this name, in the time of Elisha, is a branch
of the Barrady, 2 Kings v. 12.

Philo, bishop of the Carpathians, author of a comment on So-
lomon's Song, General Preface, p. 4.

Philo Judæus, account of this Jewish commentator, General
Preface, p. 2.

Philosopher, anecdote of a, Jer. v. 1. Remarkable saying of
a philosopher when at sea in a violent storm, Jonah i, 7,
$200000s, probable origin of this word, Gen. xli. 8.
Phlegon, one of the horses of the sun, according to the pagan
mythology, what the name signifies, 2 Kings ii. 11.
Phoceans, remarkable imprecation of the, when resolved to
leave their country, and never to revisit it, Jer. li. 64.
Phocylides, citation of a very remarkable passage from this
poet, Jer. ix. 24.

Phosphorescence of the sea in certain states of the weather,
Job xli. 32.

Phrygians, Bochart's conjecture concerning their origin,
Gen. x. 2.

Phut, a people of Africa, Ezek. xxvii. 10.

Phylacteries, particular account of the, Exod. xiii. 9.
Pibeseth, probably the same with Bubastum, or Bubaste,
Ezek. xxx. 17.

Pihahiroth, the third station of the Israelites in the wilder-
ness, what supposed to be its present appellation, Num.
xxxiii. 7.

Pikudim,, its derivation and import, Lev. xxvi. 15.
Pilgash, 5, rendered concubine, inquiry into its import,
Gen. xxii. 24, xxxiv. 31.

Pilgrim, a word of French or Latin origin, Gen. xlvii. 9.
Pilkington's reasons for the supposition that from the 12th to
the 31st verse of the first book of Samuel is an interpola
tion of some rabbin, 1 Sam. xvii., in fine.

Pillar of a cloud in the wilderness, observations concerning
the, Exod. xiii. 21, xiv. 20.

Pillar of salt into which Lot's wife was changed, various
opinions and legends concerning the, Gen. xix. 26.
Pillars of hearen, what intended by this strongly figurative
expression, Job xxvi. 11.

Pindar's elegant ridicule of the work of the statuary, when
set in competition with his own poetry, Isa. xlvi. 3.
Pinna magna, a species of muscle found on the shores of
the Mediterranean, 1 Chron. xv. 27; Prov. xxxi. 22.
Description of a pair of gloves which the author has seen
made of this very rich stuff, ibid.

Piscator, (John) author of a comment on the whole Scrip-
tures, General Preface, p. 6.

Pitcher broken at the fountain, what meant by this phrase,
Eccles. xii. 6.

Pitfall or fovea, among the ancients, what, Psa. vii. 15, lvii,
6; Isa. xxiv. 17, 18; Ezek. xix. 4.

Plagues of Egypt, times of their happening, according to
Archbishop Usher, Exod. vii. 17. Critical observations on

these Divine judgments, Exod. vii., et seq. Seven of these
plagues more largely described in the Samaritan copies than
in the Hebrew, Exod. xi., in fine. Translation of the
eleventh chapter of Exodus from the Samaritan text ranged
in collateral columns with that in our common version, to
show the great additions in the former, ibid. General ob-
servations on the ten plagues of Egypt, Exod. xii., in fine.
Plane tree, conjectures why this tree was so named, Gen,

xxv. 37.

Planets, primary and secondary, tables of their revolutions,
distances, &c., Gen. i. 1. To prevent mistake, it will be
proper to observe that the least and greatest distances of
the planets and satellites from the earth, contained in these
tables, are their perigeal and apogeal distances when the
radii vectores of the planets are equal to the semimajor
axes of their orbits, the earth being in every case assumed
to be at its mean distance from the sun. But on account
of the eccentricities of the planetary orbits, the distances
of the planets from the earth, when in perigee and apogee,
are very variable. The nearest possible approaches of the
inferior planets Mercury and Venus to the earth (viz., when
the inferior conjunction of each takes place in the higher
apsis) are, respectively, 52,376,602 and 27,339,176 English

Index to the Old Testament.

miles. The greatest possible distances of these plancts
from the earth (viz., when the superior conjunction of each
is made in the aphelion) are, respectively, 138,620,495 and
163,667,549 English miles. The perigeal distances of
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Herschel (when the opposition
of each to the sun takes place in the lower apsis or perihe-
lion) are respectively, 35,357,826, 376,944,330, 766,223,-
200, and 1,642,663,450 English miles. The greatest pos-
sible apogeal distances of these planets (viz., when the
conjunction of each with the sun is in the higher apsis) are,
respectively, 255,709,508, 616,586,248, 1,056,059,684 and
2,002,487,006 English miles. In these calculations the
eccentricities of the orbits of the planets, in English miles,
have been assumed as follows:-that of Mercury, 7,598,-
601; Venus, 471,320; the Earth, 1,604,800; Mars,
13,665,466; Jupiter, 24,346,964; Saturn, 50,988,386;
and Herschel, 85,035,892.

Plant of renown, observations on the Hebrew words thus
rendered, Ezek. xxxiv. 29.

Platforms common on the houses of the East, Judg. iii. 20.
Plato, republic of, thoughts concerning the, Deut. xxxiv., in
fine.

Pledge of the beard, in the East, the most secure of all
pledges, which the owner will redeem at the hazard of his
life, 2 Sam. x. 4.

Pleiades, Hebrew word so translated of very uncertain import,
Job ix. 9, xxxviii. 31.

Ploughing the foundations of cities, a custom among ancient
conquerors to signify an irreparable and total destruction,
Mic. iii. 12.

Ploughing with one's heifer, or ploughing in another man's
ground, what meant by this phrase among the ancient Jews,
Greeks, and Romans, Judg. xiv. 18.

Ploughing iniquity and reaping the same, a proverbial mode
of expression, illustrated by quotations from sacred and
profane writers, Job iv. 8.

Plutarch's account of a man who, aiming a blow at his
enemy's life, cut open an imposthume, which, by a salutary
discharge, saved his life, Prov. xxvii. 5.

Poetic compositions, titles of, among the Asiatics, frequently
bore no resemblance to the subjects, Psa. xxii., in princi-
pio. Many examples produced, ibid.

Poetry in use among all nations from the remotest antiquity,
Exod. xv. 1. Its advantages pointed out, ibid; Deut.
xxxi. 19. Character of the Hebrew poetry; and its great
superiority, in many respects, over that of any other nation,
Isa. ii. 13-16.

Poison, trial by, a species of ordeal among the Hindoos,
Num. v., in fine.

Poison of serpents supposed by the ancients to consist in their
gall, which is thought to be copiously exuded when these
animals are enraged, Job xx. 16.

Polygamy tolerated under the Mosaic dispensation, 2 Sam. v.

13. Shown to be unnatural, and what could not have
entered into the original design of God, ibid; Mal. ii. 14,

15.

Polytheism, in some of its branches, so utterly contemptible,
that it became an object of ridicule among the more serious
heathens, Psa. cxv. 4. Quotation of a remarkable passage
from Juvenal to this effect, ibid.

Poole, (Matthew) account of this commentator, General Pre-
face, pp. 7, 11.

Pools, Maundrell's description of the supposed remains of
those made by Solomon for the reception and preservation
of the waters of a spring, Isa. i. 30.

Popilius, remarkable anecdote concerning this Roman legate,
Dan. xi. 30,

Porte, the, why the Ottoman court was probably so named,
Isa. xxix. 21.

Postdiluvian patriarchs, table of the great discrepances in
the Hebrew, Samaritan, and Septuagint copies, with respect
to the times they are stated to have lived before their sons'
birth, Gen. v. 3.

Potter's wheel, description of the, Jer. xviii. 3.
Præster, terrible effects of the bite of the, as described by
Lucan, Num. xxi. 6.

Prayer, observations on, Psa. lxxxviii. 2. Citation of a very
remarkable passage from the Iliad upon this subject, ibid.
Prayers to angels and departed saints, examination of a pas-

sage in the Psalms which the Romanists allege in favour
of, Psa. cxxxviii. 1.

Preaching from a text, probable origin of, Neh. vin., in fine.
Precession of the equinoxes, quantity of the, in 4138 years,
Job ix., in fine. The precession caused by a very slow revo-
lution of the celestial poles around the poles of the ecliptic,
Psa. xix. 5. See Equinoctial points, precession of the.
Predestination, unconditional, to eternal life and to eternal
death, cannot be supported by the example of God's deal-
ings with Jacob and Esau, or their posterity, Gen. xxv. 23,
xxvii. 28-40, et in fine; xxix. 31; Mal. i. 3.

Presents to the great indispensable in Eastern countries, Isa.
lvii. 9. When accepted by the superior, a certain pledge
of favour, Gen. xxxiii. 10. Offered with very great cere-
mony, Judg. iii. 18. Numerous examples in Homer and
other ancient writers of presents of arms and clothing made
by warriors to each other in token of friendship, I Sam.

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xxxix. 24.

Priesthood, Jewish and pagan, none eligible to the, that had
any sort of blemish, Lev. xxi. 17–21.
Priestley, (Rev. Dr.) author of a useful commentary on the
Scriptures, General Preface, p. 9.

Primasius, of Utica, account of this commentator, General
Preface, p. 4.

Primogeniture, rights generally supposed to have been attached
to, in ancient times, Gen. xxv. 31.

Prisoners of the earth, Dr. Blayney's observations on the im-
port of this phrase, Lam. iii. 34.

Privy scal of many of our sovereigns appears to have been
inserted in their rings, Esth. iii. 9.

Probation, nature of a state of, defined, Num. v. 4.
Proclamation of T. Quintius, declaring freedom to the Gro-
cian cities, and the effect it had upon the inhabitants, as
related by Livy, Psa. cxxvi. 1.

Prophecies of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel, chronological
arrangement of the, see chronological tables.
Prophecy of Isaiah against Babylon, one of the most beauti-
ful examples that can be given of elegance of composi
tion, variety of imagery, and sublimity of sentiment and
diction, Isa. xiii., in principio.

Prophecy concerning Nineveh, related by Diodorus Siculus,
Nah. ii. 6.

Prophet, what this word imports in different parts of the sa-
cred oracles, Gen. xx. 7; 1 Sam. x. 5; 1 Kings xviii. 29;
1 Chron. xxv. 1, 2. Celebrated prediction of Moses of a
prophet like unto himself, Deut. xviii. 15-19. Many rea-
sons advanced to show that this prophecy was fulfilled in
Jesus the Christ, Deut. xviii., in fine, xxxiv. 10.
Prophetic song of Isaiah upon the overthrow of Babylon, see
Ode.

Prophetical symbols, explanation of the, Introduction to Isaiah.
Prophets, probably employed by the kings under whom they
lived to compile the annals of their reigns, Preface to the
two books of Chronicles. Succession of prophets in the
Jewish Church, Introduction to Isaiah. Chronological ar-
rangement of the major and minor prophets, ibid. Dr.
Smith's summary view and explanation of the writings of
the prophets, ibid. Manner in which the prophets were
generally clad, ibid. Former and latter, how divided by the
Jews, Zech. vii. 7.

Propter viam, a heathen sacrifice, in what it consisted, and
whence probably derived, Exod. xii. 10.

Proselyte, derivation and import of the word, Exod. xii. 43.
Distinction between proselytes of the gate, and proselytes
of justice, or of the covenant, ibid.
Prosopopaia, a figure of rhetoric very frequent in Scripture,
Gen. 1. 25; Lev. xviii. 25; Isa. xiii., in principio; Jer. ü.
33, ix. 17; Lam. i. 4; Hos. ii. 22; Zech. xiii. 7.
Prosperity and adversity shown to be no marks either of the
Divine approbation or disapprobation, Job ix. 24, xlii, in fine.
Proverb, its derivation and import, Introduction to Proverbs.
A collection of Asiatic proverbs extracted from Galand's
Maximes des Orientaux, Prov. xxxi., in fine,

Index to the Old Testament.

Providence, general and particular, doctrine of, Esth. iv. 14;
Psa. xcvii. 1.
Providentia, Cicero's definition of this Latin word, Psa.

xcvii. 1.

Psalms, book of, why called by the Hebrews ¬3 199
Sepher Tehillim, Introduction to the Psalms. General
division of this book, ibid. Table of the differences in
dividing the Psalms between the Hebrew text and the ancient
versions, ibid. Compilation of the book, and the authors
to whom the Psalms have been attributed, ibid. Classifi-
cation of the Psalms as they stand in our common version,
ibid. Chronological arrangement of the book of Psalms,
ibid. Psalms which contain no note or indication of the
́time when written, ibid. Psalms composed by David while
persecuted by Saul, ibid. Psalms composed after the com-
mencement of the reign of David, and after the death of
Saul, ibid. Psalms composed during the rebellion of Ab-
salom, ibid. Psalms written between the rebellion of Ab-
salom and the Babylonish captivity, ibid. Psalins composed
during the captivity, ibid. Psalms written after the Jews
were permitted by the edict of Cyrus to return to their own
land, ibid. General observations on the great difference
of character, between the Hebrew poets and those of Greece
and Italy, ibid. Manner in which several of the Psalms
appear to have been composed, ibid. On the use made of
the Psalms in the New Testament, ibid. On the subject
matter of the Psalms, and the method of applying them,
ibid. On the particular subject and use of each Psalm,
ibid. General use of the Psalms in the Christian Church,
ibid. Observations on the metrical version of the Psalms
by Sternold and Hopkins, and on that by Dr. Brady and
Nahum Tate, ibid. Reasons for the great discrepances
between the Psalms in the Prayer Book, called The Reading
Psalms, and those in our authorized version, ibid. Anglo-
Saxon version of the one hundred and fourteenth Psalm,
with a literal reading, line for line, as near to the Saxon as
possible, to show the affinity of the languages, Psa. cxiv.,
in fine. Psalms which constitute the Great Hallel, Psa.
cxiii., in principio.

Psalter, why the book of Psalms is so named, Introduction
to the Psalms.

Psaltery of ten strings, singular reason given by Eusebius
why this instrument was used by David in celebrating the
praises of God, Psa. xcii. 3.

Psylli, a people of Libya, whose peculiar property, according
to Lucan, was to be unhurt by the bite of serpents, Isa.

xxviii. 15.

Pudding, description of this large collar of iron fastened to
the feet of slaves, Job xiii. 27.

Puffendorf's excellent remarks concerning the manner of
the king which God directed Samuel to show to the Israel-
ites, 1 Sam. viii. 9.

Punctures indelibly made on different parts of the body both
by ancients and moderns, Isa. xliv. 5, xlix. 16.
Punon, the thirty-fifth station of the Israelites in the wilder-
ness, where situated, Num. xxxiii. 42.
Pupil of the eye described, Eccles. xii. 3. Why so named,
ibid.

Purim or feast of lots, for what purpose instituted, Exod.
xxiii. 14; Esth. ix. 26. Manner in which the Jews at
present celebrate this festival, Esth. x., in fine. Part of
the ceremony performed by the ancient Jews ordered to be
discontinued by the emperors Theodosius and Justinian,
and why, Esth. v., in fine, x., in fine,
Purpura, a kind of shell-fish from which the famous Tyrian
purple is supposed to have been obtained, Exod. xxv. 4;
Prov. xxxi. 22.

Purver, (Anthony) author of an English translation of the
whole Scriptures, with critical notes, General Preface,
p. 8.
Pushtoo, the language of the Afghans, has a manifest resem-
blance to the Chaldaic, 2 Kings xvii. 6.
Pyramids of Egypt, conjecture respecting their origin, Exod.
i. 11. Pliny's account of the time taken up in the erection
of one of the pyramids, and the number of men employed,
1 Kings vi., in fine.

Pyrocis, one of the horses of the sun, according to the pagan
mythology, signification of the name, 2 Kings ii. 11.
Pythagoreans accustomed to calin their minds, and sooth

their passions, by singing, and playing upon the harp, 2 Kings

iii. 15.

Pythius the Lydian, immense wealth of this individual, accord-
ing to Herodotus, Esth. iii. 9.

Q.

Quails, Hasselquist's account of flocks of these birds which
he saw in Egypt, Num. xi. 31. Allusion, in the book of
Job, to the quails which God showered down upon the
murmuring Israelites pointed out, Job xx. 23, &c. The
quail considered by the ancient Egyptians an emblem of
safety and security, Exod. xvi, 13.

Quaker, thoughts concerning the affirmation of a, in a court
of judicature, Deut. vi., in fine.

Queen of Sheba or queen of the south, who was contem-
porary with Solomon, called Balkis by the Arabians, and
Maqueda by the Abyssinians, 1 Kings x. 1.

Quenching the light of Israel, what intended by this phrase,
2 Sam. xiv. 7, xxi. 17.
Querns, among our Saxon ancestors, what, Judg. xvi. 21.
Quesnel, remarks upon his Moral Reflections on the New
Testament, General Preface, p. 5.
Quintius, (T.) proclamation by this Roman general of free-
dom to the Grecian cities at the time of the Isthmian
games, and the extraordinary effect the words of the
herald had on the inhabitants, as related by Liyy, Psa.
cxxvi. 1.

R.

Rabanus Maurus, account of this very voluminous commen-
tator, General Preface, p. 4.

Rabbinoo Isaiah, account of this commentator, General Pre-
face, p. 2.
Rabdomancy, explanation of this species of divination, Hos.
iv. 12.

Rabsaris, the name of an office, and not of a person, according
to Calmet, 2 Kings xviii. 17.
Rabshakeh, the name of an office, and not of a person, according
to Calmet, 2 Kings xviii. 17.
Rahab, generally called the harlot, inquiry into her character,
and reasons advanced to show that the original word trans-
lated harlot should rather be rendered a tavern-keeper,
Josh. ii. 1.

Raiment, shaking of the, what it imported among the ancient
Jews, Neh. v. 13.

Rain, how produced, Gen. ii. 6; Exod. ix. 27; Job xxxvi.
27; Eccles. i. 7. Rain, according to St. Jerome, never
falls in Judea in the time of harvest, 1 Sam. xii. 17
Times of the former and latter rain, Jer. iii. 3, v. 24.
Rainbow, origin and nature of the, Gen. ix. 13. Reasons
for believing that this phenomenon was of as frequent
occurrence before as after the flood, ibid. Quotations from
Homer and Virgil to show that both the Greeks and
Romans considered the rainbow as a Divine token or por-
tent, Gen. ix, 17.

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Rakesh,
rendered dromedaries, probably means post-
horse, 1 Kings iv. 28.

Rakia, translated firmament, proper meaning of the
term, Gen. i. 6.

Ram, a sacred animal among the Egyptians, Exod. viii. 26.
Eusebius's reasons for this, ibid. Rams with red or violet-
coloured 'fleeces often mentioned by ancient writers, Exod.
xxv. 5.
Rameses, the same with Goshen, Gen. xlvi. 28, 34, xlvii. 23,
Ramoth, one of the cities of refuge, import of the name, Josh.

xx. 7.

Ranges for pots, description of an Arabian custom to which
this expression has an allusion, Lev. xi. 35.

Rape of the Sabine women, substance of Livy's account of
the, Judg. xxi., in fine.

Raphelius, (G.) an eminent Biblical critic, General Preface,
p. 12.

Rash judgments, doubly pernicious, 2 Sam. vi. 22.
Rashim,, a degree of civil distinction among the
Hebrews, Josh. xxiii. 2.

Ravens, arguments to show that Elijah was not fed by these
birds, as stated in our English version, but that the Hebrew
word orbim, is probably the name of a people that
lived in or near Arabia, 1 Kings xvii., in fine,

Index to the Old Testament.

Rebellion against the state, act of, defined, Judg. iii., in fine;
Ezra iv. 19.

Rechabites, short sketch of their history, Jer. xxxv. 2.
Red heifer, remarks upon several curious particulars respect-
ing the ordinance of the, Num. xix. 2.

Red Sea, conjecture why so named, Exod. x. 19; Num.
xxiii. 10. Description of its two gulfs, ibid. Observations
upon the miraculous separation of its waters in the time of
Moses, Exod. xiv. 21, et in fine. The sixth station of the
Israelites in the wilderness was in the vicinity of this sea,
Num. xxxiii. 10. Manifest allusion, in the book of Job,
to the miraculous passage of the Israelites through the Red
Sea, Job xxvi. 12.

Redeemer of blood, who, among the Jews, Num. xxxv. 19.
Redemption of the first-born, a rite still practised among the
Jews, Num. xviii. 16. How performed, according to Leo
of Modena, ibid.

Refraction, observations on the nature of, 2 Kings xx, in
fine. Extraordinary refraction of the rays of light in Nova
Zembla in the year 1596, ibid.

Rehoboam, Houbigant's conjecture relative to the age of this
prince at the commencement of his reign over Judah, 2
Chron. xii. 13.

Religion, in its pure state, the strongest bulwark of the state,
1 Chron. xxvi., in fine. Definition of true religion, Gen.
ix. 20; Prov. i. 7.

Remes,, translated creeping thing, inquiry into its im-
port, Gen. i. 24.

Remigius of Auxerre, a commentator on the twelve minor
prophets, General Preface, p. 4.

Rending the clothes, a mark of deep affliction and distress
among the ancients, Josh. vii. 6; 1 Sam. iv. 12; Ezra ix.
3; Job i. 20, ii. 12; Jer. xvi. 6.
Renominatus, derivation and import of this Latin term, Gen.

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Reuben, import of the name, Gen. xxix. 32.

Revelation of God, particular explanation of the various terms
employed to point out different properties of the, Lev. xxvi.
15; Psa. cxix., in principio.

Reverend, and most reverend, observations on these ecclesi-
astical titles, Psa. cxi. 9.

Revolutions, periodic and sidercal, of the sun, moon, and
planets, Gen. i. 1. Periodic and synodic revolutions of
the satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and the Georgium Sidus,
ibid.

Riblah, where this ancient city was situated, Jer. xxxix. 5.
Rice, method practised by the ancients of sowing this grain,
Eccles. xi. I; Isa. xxxii. 20.

Rice, trial by, a species of ordeal among the Hindoos, Num.
V., in fine.

Riches, instances of immense, possessed by some of the
ancients, Esth. iii. 9.

Ricinus or Palma Christi, account of the, as given by Cel-
sus, Jonah iv. 6.

Ricknild or Icknild-street, where situated, Job xxiii. 11.
Riddles or enigmas, customary among the ancient Greeks
to propose such at entertainments, and to give a recom-
pense to those who found them out, Judg. xiv. 14. Ex-
amples of Greek enigmas, with their solutions, ibid. From
what the English word riddle is derived, Ezek. xvii. 2.
Ridorus, (C. Cæcilius) immense wealth of this individual,
Esth. iii. 9.

Righteous and righteousness, true etymology of these words,
Psa, xii. 8. Their import, ibid.

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Rimmon, a Syrian idol, possibly the same with the Remphan
of the New Testament, 2 Kings v. 26. Supposed by
Selden to be the same with Elion, a god of the Phoni
cians, ibid. Other suppositions, ibid.

Rimmon-parez, the fifteenth station of the Israelites in the
wilderness, Num. xxxiii. 19.

Ring of Saturn, its perigeal and apogeal distances, diameter,
time of rotation, and inclination of axis to the orbit of the
planet, Gen. i. 1.

Rings of gold, ensigns of civil power among the ancients,
Psa. Ixxiii. 6.

Rissah, the seventeenth station of the Israelites in the wilder
ness, Num. xxxiii. 21.

Rithmah, the fourteenth station of the Israelites in the wilder-
ness, where situated, and why so named, Num. xxxiii.

18.

River of the pool, see Pallacopas.

Robe of the Jewish high priest, description of the, Exod.
xxviii. 4, 31.

Rock in Horeb, some account of the, Exod. xvii. 6; Psa. cv.
41. Its present appearance, ibid. ·

Rock of a sword, meaning of this phrase, Deut. viii. 8.
Rolls of the Jeurs, how made, and in what manner written
upon, Jer. xxxvi. 2; Ezek. ii. 9, 10.

Roman moneys, table of the, Exod. xxxviii. 24.
Rome, Ovid's account of the ceremonies used in laying the
foundations of the walls of the city of, Neh. xii. 27.
Ropes of great strength made in Ireland of the fibres of bog-
wood, or the larger roots of the fir, Judg. xvi. 7. Ropes
made of the leaves of the flag by the Egyptians, Job viii.

11.

Rotations of the sun, moon, and planets, in what times per-
formed, Gen. i. 1.

Rough garments of the ancient prophets, some account of
the, Zech. xiii. 4.
Royal river, see Naharmalca.
Ruach,

various opinions concerning the meaning of this
word, Gen. i. 2; Eccles. iii. 21.
Ruby, some account of the oriental, Job xxviii. 18. Its com-
ponent parts, Job xxxviii. 38.

Rushn Achter's extraordinary fortune as expressed in a
Persian couplet, Eccles. iv. 15.

Ruth, book of, uncertain by whom written, Preface to Ruth
Sum of its history, ibid.

Ratty, (Dr. John) extract from his Spiritual Diary, Introduc-
tion to the Psalms.

S.

Saady, beautiful couplet in this poet, in which the work of
, total desolation is most forcibly expressed, Job xviii. 15.
Saba, reservoir of, description of this stupendous work of
antiquity, Isa. i. 30. By whom supposed to have been
constructed, ibid.

Sabbath, observations on the institution of the, Gen. ii. 3.
Rigorous observances of this day by the ancient Jews,
Exod. xvi. 29.

Sabbatus, Houbigant's excellent observations on the remarka-
ble fulfilment of the prophecy that the land of Israel should
enjoy her Sabbaths in a state of desolation which the Israel-
ites had profaned in the time of their prosperity, Lev. xxvi

34.

Sabbatical year, reasons for its institution, according to Cal-
met, Exod. xxiii. 11.

Sabeans, from whom descended, Gen. xxv. 3. In the opi-
nion of Bruce, a distinct people from the Ethiopians,
1 Kings x. 1.

Sabeism, in what this idolatrous system of religion consisted,
Job xxxi. 26.

Sabine women, account of the rape of the, Judg. xxi, in
fine.

Sacceans, from whom thought to have descended, Gen.

XXV. 2.

Sack, p, a word that has passed into a great number of
languages, Job xvi. 15.
Sackbut, why this musical instrument was probably so named,
Dan. iii. 5.

Sacred hieroglyphics, explanation of the, Introduction to
Isaiah.

Sacrifices, design of the, under the Mosaic economy, twofold,

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