Alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus. 390 395 Scire potestates herbarum usumque medendi Stabat acerba fremens, ingentem nixus in hastam 386.] Aeneas leans on his spear every other step that he takes. Comp. Il. 19. 47 foll., Tù dè dúw σкáČOVTE BάTηy *Αρεος θεράποντε, Τυδείδης τε μενεπτό. λεμος καὶ διος Οδυσσεύς, Εγχει έρειδομένω· ἔτι γὰρ ἔχον ἕλκεα λυγρά. The constr. apparently is 'nitentem gressus cuspide,' leaning on his spear as to his steps: 'gressus' being a cogn. acc. after "niti," like" vestigia" after "labant" 10. 283. 387.] The shaft of the arrow is broken, and the barb is in the wound. 'Infracta,' see on v. 1 above. 'Luctor' with inf. is a poetical constr. 388.] Auxilio' = 'ad auxilium:' see on 5. 686, Auxilioque vocare deos." 'Viam quae proxuma,' &c., bids them use the readiest method. 389.] Secent,' rescindant,' 'remittant,' subjunctives depending on 'poscit.' Lato,' see on v. 374 above. The sing. 'latebra' is used nowhere else in Virg., but it is not uncommon in Cicero. 'Ek μnрoû тáμve μaɣaipn Οξὺ βέλος περιπευκές, Π. 11. 844. 390.] Rescindant penitus,' cut open to its depths. 391.] This passage shows that 'Iapis' was considered to be derived from ἰάομαι. 400 394.] 'Dabat' = offered, wished to give: so "lenibat dictis animum" of Aeneas trying to console Dido, 6. 468. See Madv. § 115. 6. 395.] 'Depositi, i. e. desperati :' comp. Cic. Verr. 2. 1. 2. 3, " aegram et prope depositam reipublicae partem suscepisse." 397.] Mutas'=quiet, silent, in the literal sense, as opposed to the arts of prophecy and music, and in the secondary sense of obscure, in connexion with 'inglorius.' Cic. uses the phrase of arts which do not require speaking: "Si hoc in his quasi mutis artibus est mirandum, quanto admirabilius in oratione atque in lingua," De Or. 3. 7. Agitare artis:' on the analogy of "agitare aevum," 10. 235 (note). 398.] Acerba fremens,' like "acerba tuens" Lucr. 5. 33, Virg. A. 9. 794; "acerba sonans" G. 3. 149. 66 399, 400.] Magno concursu,' amid a great throng: comp. concursu accedere magno" 1. 509. For 'ille' followed by 'senior succinctus' in the next line, see G. 4. 457. foll., A. 5. 609, v. 901 below. 401.] Comp. "Paeoniis revocatum herbis et amore Dianae "7.769. Paeonius = Пatórios, and should probably be scanned as a trisyllable, and there seems no warrant for shortening the o. But it is quite possible that Virg. meant to leave the quantity doubtful, 392.] Iasus, Iasides, are Homeric names: Il. 15. 332; Od. 11. 282., 17. 443. Virg. no doubt intended them to suggest ἰάομαι. Multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis 410 Nulla viam Fortuna regit; nihil auctor Apollo 405 as in the case of "conubium (see Munro on Lucr. 3.776): the ambiguity is kept up by later poets. 'Retorto amictu,' that his hands might be free. 402.] Multa expresses his various attempts. 404.] “Versantque tenaci forcipe ferrum" G. 4. 175. 405.] Nulla viam,' &c.: Fortune is not there to guide his steps: for 'nulla' see on 6. 405. Rego' as in 6. 30,"regit vestigia." "Auctor' medicinae inventor" Serv. Rather, his patron and adviser: so "auctor Acestes" 5. 418; "Auctor Apollo" of Apollo as god of augury, 8. 336. 407.] Pulvere caelum stare' is partially an imitation of Enn., "stant pulvere campi" Ann. 592, which is itself varied from Il. 23. 365, 'Yπò dè στέρνοισι κονίη Ιστατ ̓ ἀειρομένη. The meaning seems to be the heaven is like a wall of dust to their eyes,' the expression being a kind of hypallage for" pulvis caelo stat." Comp."stant lumina flamma " 6. 300. 409.] Tristis,' dismal. 411.] Indignus,' of which he was not worthy, which he did not deserve: so 4. 617, "Indigna suorum Funera." 'Concussus' of the effect of grief, as in 5. 700, 869., 9. 498: but this use of the word seems to be rare out of Virg. 415 412.] 'Dictamnum' or 'dictamnus,' a herb found in abundance on the Cretan Ida, and said to have been sought for by wounded goats: Aristot. Hist. An. 9. 6. 1, ἐν Κρήτῃ φασὶ τὰς αἶγας τὰς ἀγρίας, ὅταν τοξευθῶσι, ζητεῖν τὸ δίκταμνον· δοκεῖ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐκβλητικὸν τῶν τοξευμάτων ἐν τῷ σώματι. Genetrix' emphatic by its position, 'with motherly care.' 413.] Pliny (1. c.) says that the genuine dictamnum' had "flos nullus. . aut caulis." Virg.'s description rather suits Pliny's "aristolochia" (25. 8. 54), “caulibus parvis, flore purpureo." Caulem' in appo sition to dictamnum' above. Puber' as applied to leaves, like "pubens" (4. 514 note), seems to include the notion of downiness with that of luxuriance and maturity. 415.] Gramen' for a plant, as in G. 4. 63, "cerinthae ignobile gramen.' Tergo' dat.: comp. 4. 73, "haeret lateri fatalis arundo" of the wounded stag in the Cretan forests. 416.] Nimbo:' see on 10. 634. 417.] Δίδοται δὲ (τὸ δίκταμνον) πίσ velv év udari, Theophrast. 1. c. 'Labra' = a cauldron, as in 8. 22. 'Fusum labris'" fusum in labra:"'infusum labris' would be a commoner constr. So " spargere undis"="in undas" 4. 601. "Amnem pro aqua" Serv. Inficit, occulte medicans, spargitque salubris Hinc atque hinc, oditque moras, hastamque coruscat. Postquam habilis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est, Ascanium fusis circum conplectitur armis, 419.] Ambrosiae' is here a plant: n G. 4. 415 it is an ointment of the plant. Panacea' or 'panaces' is reckoned among aromatic plants by Theophrast. 9. 7: its various uses are enumerated ib. 9. 420.]Fovit:' note on G. 4. 230. So Pliny 24. 37, "Foliis in vino decoctis foveri nervos utilissimum;" 32. 34, "Scorpio in vino decoctus ita ut foveantur ex illo." Comp. Colum. 6. 12, "Si genua intumuerunt, calido aceto fovenda sunt." 422.] Quippe is peculiar here as occurring in narrative, and still more so from its position in the sentence. It seems intended (as perhaps in 1. 56) merely to lend emphasis to the description of a startling event. 423.1 Secuta manum,' following the motion of his hand. In 424.] Novae'= "novatae." pristina' for the more ordinary "in pristinum." 425.] "Arma acri facienda viro" 8. 441. Properare' with acc. may either mean to be busy about a thing, hurry it on (" haec pater Aeoliis properat dum Lemnius oris" 8. 454), or (as here) to produce or bring quickly: comp. fulmina properare G. 4. 171; properare mortem " A. 9. 401. 426.] Animos,' probably their spirits, not his own. 66 427.] 'Non arte magistra,' not 420 425 430 through the guidance of my art. Magistra' here is predicative: in 8. 442, "omni nunc arte magistra❞ (usus est), it is a simple epithet: so Ov. Her. 15. 83, Abeunt studia in mores, artesque magistrae." 428.] Non haec proveniunt,' &c. This success is not due to man alone, provenire' generally having the notion of a happy event. · 429.] Maior deus' either 'a greater hand, even a god,' i. e. Apollo, or 'a greater god than Apollo, the god of ordinary healing.' The first explanation is more natural. 'Opera maiora,' deeds greater than your former ones. 430.] "Surasque incluserat auro of Turnus 11. 488: where the plup. is followed as here by a present (v. 491), "Exsultatque animis et spe iam praecipit hostem." Comp. also 8. 219. 431.] Hinc atque hinc' on this foot and then on that. 432.] Habilis lateri-tergo' seems to mean 'fitted to his side and back:' comp. 11. 555, "habilem mediae circumligat hastae," where "habilis" may be taken with "hastae." Conversely Ov. says (Fast. 2. 14), "His habilis telis quilibet esse potest," any one can fit himself to these weapons. 438.] Armis,' i. e. "armatis brac Summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur: Haec ubi dicta dedit, portis sese extulit ingens, chiis:" comp. Tac. Hist. 1.36, "prensare manibus, conplecti armis." 434.] 'Oscula delibans:' note on 1. 256. 435, 436.] "Disce virtutem.... fortunam,' &c., learn what virtue is from me, what fortune is from others: there is no zeugma in the use of 'disco' here, but it' to learn about,' as in 6. 433, "vitasque et crimina discit." Verum laborem,' real toil: not fighting that beats the air. Virg. is probably thinking of the often-quoted words of Ajax (Soph. Αj. 550), Ὦ παῖ, γένοιο πατρὸς εὐτυχέσω τερος, Τὰ δ ̓ ἄλλ ̓ ὅμοιος· καὶ γένοι ἂν οὐ κακός. 437.] 'Defensum dabit' = 'defendet: comp. "placataque venti Dant maria" 3. 69 (note). 'Inter praemia,' where rewards are to be found. 438.] Tu' in an exhortation as in G. 2. 241, &c. 'Matura adoleverit,' has grown up and is ripe: comp. "prima adolescit aetas" = is growing up and is young, G. 2. 362. 439.] Sis memor,' i. e. "meorum factorum." (Serv.) 440.] Comp. 3. 343, whence this line is nearly repeated. 441.] "Corripuit sese et tectis citus 435 440 445 450 extulit altis" 11. 462. Os einwv mvλέων ἐξέσσυτο φαίδιμος "Εκτωρ, ΙΙ. 7. 1. 'O§ù dóρv κрadáwv, Il. 13. 583. 443.]Antheus' 1. 181. 444.]Fluit' as in 11. 236. 'Caecus,' dark, blinding: something as in 5. 589, "caecis parietibus:" 3. 203., 8. 258, "caeca caligine." Pulvere miscetur campus: the plain is a confusion of dust: comp. perhaps "miscentur moenia luctu" 2. 298; "misceri murmure caelum," "clamoribus aequor," 4. 160, 411. 445.] Comp. 7. 722, "Scuta sonant pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus : Enn. Α. 311 has a ruder alliteration, "Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu." 'Excita,' wakened; comp. "tonitru caelum omne ciebo" 4. 122. 446.] Aggere,' the bank of the fortifications. 447.] 'Gelidusque,' &c. 2. 120: comp. 6. 54. 448.] "Primus ante omnis" 2. 40. Iuturna, v. 224 above. 450.] Atrum,' probably of the appearance of the host in the distance: so 7. 525, Atraque late Horrescit strictis seges ensibus." 451.] 'Sidus' seems to be poetically 455 460 It mare per medium; miseris, heu, praescia longe used for "procella:" an extension of its use as "weather" in 4. 309 ("hiberno moliris sidere classem "). Abrupto sidere,' like" abruptis procellis G. 3. 259: comp. "rupto turbine "A. 2. 416. 452.] Comp. for the simile Il. 4. 275 foll., Ὡς δ ̓ ὅτ ̓ ἀπὸ σκοπιῆς εἶδεν νέφος αἰπόλος ἀνήρ, ̓Ερχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑπὸ Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς ̇ Τῷ δέ τ' ἄνευθεν ἐόντι μελάντερον ήΰτε πίσσα, Φαίνετ' ἰὸν κατὰ πόντον, ἄγει δέ τε λαίλαπα πολλήν Ρίγησέν τε ἰδών, ὑπό τε σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα Τοῖαι ἅμ ̓ Αἰάντεσσι &c. See also II. 16. 364. Miseris,' &c., with its melancholy tone, does not sound Homeric. 'Longe,' far away on the land. 453.] Ruinam dare," in a different sense, 2. 310., 11. 614. See on 10. 396. 'Dare' as in v. 383 above, "dare funera:" comp. G. 3. 247. 456.] Rhoeteius:' 3. 108 note. 457.] Densi,' &c.: "densentur, ut cuneatim dimicent: scilicet in cuneorum modum conpositi, ut hostem facilius invaderent" Serv. "Congregari in cuneos of soldiers Tac. Hist. 4. 20: comp. Caesar, B. G. 6. 40, &c. "Cuneis coactis" in a different sense 7.509. See on 10. 396. 'Cuneis coactis' abl. abs., not for "in cuneos." 458.] 'Gravem' refers to his bulk: 465 comp. 5. 437., 10. 207, &c. The name Thymbraeus is from Il. 11. 320. 460.] "Ufens" 7. 745., 8. 6, &c. Tolumníus, v. 258 above. 461.] Nearly repeated, no doubt purposely, from v. 266 above. 463.] Pulverulenta fuga,' clouded with dust in their fight. Fuga dare terga " G. 4. 85. 464.] Ipse,' to distinguish Aeneas from Mnestheus, Achates, and Gyas. ‘Sternere morti for “sternere ad mortem :” comp. “ter leto sternendus erat" 8. 566; "deiecit leto " 10. 319. 465.] The distinction is between 'congressos' and 'ferentis:' those who have already met him and those who are going to attack him. 'Pede aequo' seems to mean in fair fight,' though there seems to be no parallel for the expression. 466.] Caligine,' the cloud of dust and arrows. 'Caligine turbidus atra Pulvis" 11. 876. 468.] Hoc metu' "metu huius rei:" see on 2. 171. This figure is not uncommon in Livy and Tacitus : comp. e. g. Livy 21. 46,"Numidae... ab tergo se ostendunt. Is pavor perculit Romanos." 'Concussa mentem like "concussus animum 5. 869. "Virago' ("mulier quae viri animum habet" Serv.) is applied either to a |