An Outline of the Necessary Laws of Thought: A Treatise on Pure and Applied Logic |
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Page vii
... Figure of Syllogism , which serve , with other things , to give this little book its character , were worked out originally with- out assistance from any living author , from such materials as any student might command ; and it may ...
... Figure of Syllogism , which serve , with other things , to give this little book its character , were worked out originally with- out assistance from any living author , from such materials as any student might command ; and it may ...
Page xii
... Figures • 96. Special Canons of the Figures 97. The Fourth Figure · 98. The Unfigured Syllogism 99. Modes of Syllogism 100. Table of Modes · 206 214 • 216 · 221 • 222 • 225 226 · 226 101. A Mode of Notation . 228 102. Equivalent ...
... Figures • 96. Special Canons of the Figures 97. The Fourth Figure · 98. The Unfigured Syllogism 99. Modes of Syllogism 100. Table of Modes · 206 214 • 216 · 221 • 222 • 225 226 · 226 101. A Mode of Notation . 228 102. Equivalent ...
Page 20
... figures as the form impressed in it . The voice is the matter of speech , and articulation the form . But as it is the form which proximately and obviously makes the thing what it is ( although 20 OUTLINE OF THE It aids analysis.
... figures as the form impressed in it . The voice is the matter of speech , and articulation the form . But as it is the form which proximately and obviously makes the thing what it is ( although 20 OUTLINE OF THE It aids analysis.
Page 22
... figure , size , weight , temperature , & c . ; and with reference to the form ( law ) of weight , the weight of the stone would be its form ( essential part ) , with reference to the form of colour , the greyness of the stone would be ...
... figure , size , weight , temperature , & c . ; and with reference to the form ( law ) of weight , the weight of the stone would be its form ( essential part ) , with reference to the form of colour , the greyness of the stone would be ...
Page 38
... figures have been variously understood , and therefore by one party or another misunderstood . It is a disputed question whether the mounted soldier is looking with reverence at the chief Figure , or with cruel calmness at the agonies ...
... figures have been variously understood , and therefore by one party or another misunderstood . It is a disputed question whether the mounted soldier is looking with reverence at the chief Figure , or with cruel calmness at the agonies ...
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Common terms and phrases
abstract according admit affirmative alkali applied Logic argument Aristotle ascertain attribute belong bodies called Categories cause ception chemical affinity common conception conclusion connexion contain converse copula Deduction defined definition disjunctive distinct distributed distribution of terms divided division doctrine effect employed enthymeme enumeration example existence explain expressed extension facts figure formal former genus gism given Greek Hindú ideas Immediate Inference implies Indian Logic inductive instrument intension Iridium Kanâda kind knowledge language laws of thought Leibnitz logicians marks matter means ment metals middle term mind mode mortal nature Nominalist notion nouns objects observations particular philosophy plants Plato premisses principle privative properties proposition pure Logic reason relation represent rules sense Sir Philip Francis Sir William Hamilton Sorites species Subcontrary subject and predicate substance syllogism things third tion true truth universal whilst whole words
Popular passages
Page 34 - I see before me the Gladiator lie : He leans upon his hand — his manly brow Consents to death, but conquers agony, And his drooped head sinks gradually low — And through his side the last drops, ebbing slow From the red gash, fall heavy, one by one, Like the first of a thunder-shower ; and now The arena swims aronnd him — he is gone, Ere ceased the inhuman shout which hailed the wretch who won.
Page 55 - And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air ; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them : and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.
Page 71 - A lion !' Surprised at such an exclamation, accompanied with such an act, he turned up his eyes, and with difficulty perceived, at an immeasurable height, a flight of condors soaring in circles in a particular spot. Beneath this spot, far out of sight of himself or guide, lay the carcass of a horse, and over that carcass stood, as the guide well knew, a lion, whom the condors were eyeing with envy from their airy height. The signal of the birds was to him, what the sight of the lion alone would have...
Page 44 - ... through their hands is equivalent to 240 pence. Such words as the state, happiness, liberty, creation, are too pregnant with meaning for us to suppose that we realize their full sense every time we read or pronounce them. If we attend to the working of our minds we shall find that each word may be used, and in its proper place and sense, though perhaps few or none of its attributes are present to us at the moment. A very simple notion is always intuitive; we cannot make our notion of brown or...
Page 29 - ... it is not occupied so much with things as they exist in nature, but with the way in which the mind conceives them. A logician has nothing to do with ascertaining whether a horse, or a ship, or a tree exists, but whether one of these things can be regarded as a genus or species, whether it can be called a subject or an attribute, whether from the conjunction of many second notions a proposition, a definition, or a syllogism can be formed. The first intention of every word is its real meaning ;...
Page 276 - Induction is usually defined to be the process of drawing a general rule from a sufficient number of particular cases ; deduction is the converse process of proving that some property belongs to the particular case from the consideration that it belongs to the whole class in which the case is found.
Page 43 - By virtue of the name we have attached to each of them ; which, like the labels upon the chemist's jars or the gardener's flower-pots, enable us at once to identify and secure the property we seek. Names then are the means of fixing and recording the result of trains of thought, which without them must be repeated frequently, with all the pain of the first effort.* § 25. (iii.) Leibnitz was the first, so far as I know, to call attention to the fact that words are sometimes more than signs of thought...
Page 15 - Ulrici have since founded upon them. No : the man of science possesses principles, but the artist, not the less nobly gifted on that account, is possessed and carried away by them. " The principles which Art involves, science evolves. The truths on which the success of Art depends, lurk in the artist's mind in an undeveloped state, — guiding his hand, stimulating his invention, balancing his judgment, but not appearing in the form of enunciated propositions."* And because the artist cannot always...
Page 150 - i. From Resolution, when the Marks of the definitum are made its definition ; as in ' a pension is an allowance for past services.' It is not necessary that the Marks should be completely enumerated, — that the conception should be strictly adequate, — but only that the Marks should suffice for the identification of the Subject, as belonging to it all and to it alone ; so that Aristotle's Property would be included in it. ii. From Composition, the reverse of the last method, in which the definitum,...
Page 11 - ABTa body of principles and deductions, to explain the nature of some object matter. An art is a body of precepts with practical skill for the completion of some work. A science teaches us to know, an art to do...