An Outline of the Necessary Laws of Thought: A Treatise on Pure and Applied Logic |
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Page 6
... employed in attaining truth . § 4. But is this distinction worth preserving in our exposition of the science ? Many logicians , believing that they must undertake to teach men " the art of reasoning , " do not attach any value to the ...
... employed in attaining truth . § 4. But is this distinction worth preserving in our exposition of the science ? Many logicians , believing that they must undertake to teach men " the art of reasoning , " do not attach any value to the ...
Page 7
... employed : thus , in treating of Definition , which is one form of judgment , we imply the existence of a person for whom it is neces- sary to define a given notion that he may possess the true meaning of it , and be able to identify B ...
... employed : thus , in treating of Definition , which is one form of judgment , we imply the existence of a person for whom it is neces- sary to define a given notion that he may possess the true meaning of it , and be able to identify B ...
Page 9
... employed , and to show , that though these weaker forms are so many deviations from a perfect demon- strative argument , they are so far from superseding the perfect forms , that in reality each of them appeals to , and attests the ...
... employed , and to show , that though these weaker forms are so many deviations from a perfect demon- strative argument , they are so far from superseding the perfect forms , that in reality each of them appeals to , and attests the ...
Page 11
... employed . But applied Logic first shows that this perfect argument is the measure of the validity of the other ; that our conclusion is only true if we can say , not indeed " these men are all men , " which is impos- sible , but the ...
... employed . But applied Logic first shows that this perfect argument is the measure of the validity of the other ; that our conclusion is only true if we can say , not indeed " these men are all men , " which is impos- sible , but the ...
Page 12
... employing improper colouring materials , or a muddy and perish- able varnish , as well as from incorrect drawing or ill - managed light and shade ; the lower defect or the higher is fatal to that perfect picture which he wishes to ...
... employing improper colouring materials , or a muddy and perish- able varnish , as well as from incorrect drawing or ill - managed light and shade ; the lower defect or the higher is fatal to that perfect picture which he wishes to ...
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Common terms and phrases
abstract according admit affirmative alkali applied Logic argument Aristotle ascertain attribute belong bodies called Categories cause ception chemical affinity common conception conclusion connexion contain converse copula Deduction defined definition disjunctive distinct distributed distribution of terms divided division doctrine effect employed enthymeme enumeration example existence explain expressed extension facts figure formal former genus gism given Greek Hindú ideas Immediate Inference implies Indian Logic inductive instrument intension Iridium Kanâda kind knowledge language laws of thought Leibnitz logicians marks matter means ment metals middle term mind mode mortal nature Nominalist notion nouns objects observations particular philosophy plants Plato premisses principle privative properties proposition pure Logic reason relation represent rules sense Sir Philip Francis Sir William Hamilton Sorites species Subcontrary subject and predicate substance syllogism things third tion true truth universal whilst whole words
Popular passages
Page 34 - I see before me the Gladiator lie : He leans upon his hand — his manly brow Consents to death, but conquers agony, And his drooped head sinks gradually low — And through his side the last drops, ebbing slow From the red gash, fall heavy, one by one, Like the first of a thunder-shower ; and now The arena swims aronnd him — he is gone, Ere ceased the inhuman shout which hailed the wretch who won.
Page 55 - And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air ; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them : and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.
Page 71 - A lion !' Surprised at such an exclamation, accompanied with such an act, he turned up his eyes, and with difficulty perceived, at an immeasurable height, a flight of condors soaring in circles in a particular spot. Beneath this spot, far out of sight of himself or guide, lay the carcass of a horse, and over that carcass stood, as the guide well knew, a lion, whom the condors were eyeing with envy from their airy height. The signal of the birds was to him, what the sight of the lion alone would have...
Page 44 - ... through their hands is equivalent to 240 pence. Such words as the state, happiness, liberty, creation, are too pregnant with meaning for us to suppose that we realize their full sense every time we read or pronounce them. If we attend to the working of our minds we shall find that each word may be used, and in its proper place and sense, though perhaps few or none of its attributes are present to us at the moment. A very simple notion is always intuitive; we cannot make our notion of brown or...
Page 29 - ... it is not occupied so much with things as they exist in nature, but with the way in which the mind conceives them. A logician has nothing to do with ascertaining whether a horse, or a ship, or a tree exists, but whether one of these things can be regarded as a genus or species, whether it can be called a subject or an attribute, whether from the conjunction of many second notions a proposition, a definition, or a syllogism can be formed. The first intention of every word is its real meaning ;...
Page 276 - Induction is usually defined to be the process of drawing a general rule from a sufficient number of particular cases ; deduction is the converse process of proving that some property belongs to the particular case from the consideration that it belongs to the whole class in which the case is found.
Page 43 - By virtue of the name we have attached to each of them ; which, like the labels upon the chemist's jars or the gardener's flower-pots, enable us at once to identify and secure the property we seek. Names then are the means of fixing and recording the result of trains of thought, which without them must be repeated frequently, with all the pain of the first effort.* § 25. (iii.) Leibnitz was the first, so far as I know, to call attention to the fact that words are sometimes more than signs of thought...
Page 15 - Ulrici have since founded upon them. No : the man of science possesses principles, but the artist, not the less nobly gifted on that account, is possessed and carried away by them. " The principles which Art involves, science evolves. The truths on which the success of Art depends, lurk in the artist's mind in an undeveloped state, — guiding his hand, stimulating his invention, balancing his judgment, but not appearing in the form of enunciated propositions."* And because the artist cannot always...
Page 150 - i. From Resolution, when the Marks of the definitum are made its definition ; as in ' a pension is an allowance for past services.' It is not necessary that the Marks should be completely enumerated, — that the conception should be strictly adequate, — but only that the Marks should suffice for the identification of the Subject, as belonging to it all and to it alone ; so that Aristotle's Property would be included in it. ii. From Composition, the reverse of the last method, in which the definitum,...
Page 11 - ABTa body of principles and deductions, to explain the nature of some object matter. An art is a body of precepts with practical skill for the completion of some work. A science teaches us to know, an art to do...