Science. Higher Local. (a) ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS ; (b) CHEMISTRY; (c) PHYSICS; (d) BOTANY; (e) ZOOLOGY; (ƒ) PHYSIOLOGY; (g) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. All Students are expected to satisfy the Examiners in (a) and in one at least of the subjects (b) to (g) No Student will be examined in more than three of the subjects (b) to (g) in one year. (a) 1. How would you prove the chemical identity of a piece of charcoal and a diamond? 2. Describe any methods of preparing CO with which you are acquainted. How do we know the composition of this gas? 3. Describe the preparation of nitric acid, and discuss its action on various metals. 4. Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction as shown in a fern. 5. What do you mean by saying that the cells of which a fern is made up are morphologically equivalent to those of Chara, but have undergone complicated modifications to suit their physiological functions? 6. What is the relation between the apparent depth and the true depth of an object under water when the observer is vertically above it? 7. Define the principal focus of a mirror; and find the position of the principal focus (a) for a concave spherical mirror, (b) for a convex spherical mirror. (b) 8. Give a brief account of the chief acids derived from sulphur. 9. Which of the above possess bleaching power? Compare their action with that of chlorine. 10. Compare the compounds of Se and Te with the corresponding ones of S. 11. How is Si prepared? What are its properties and its compounds? (c) 12. Show how to find, by a diagram, the position and magnitude of the image of an object placed before a concave mirror. 13. Give the law of refraction. Describe an experiment by which they may be illustrated. 14. What is meant by the limiting angle of total reflection? 15. Find the focal length of a lens which throws the image of an object five feet distant on a screen three feet distant. (d) 16. What do you mean by a "stem structure" and a "branch system"? Explain the former with reference to a Strawberry plant, and the latter to a Lycopodium and a Forget-me-not. 17. Give an explanation of the laws of phyllotaxis, describing how it occurs in three examples you select, and pointing out the meaning of the various terms used. 18. State three examples in which each of the following conditions of a leaf appear, giving the meaning of each: Pinnate, palmate, simple, compound, entire, acute, mucronate, lanceclate, obovate, herbaceous, succulent. 19. Mention various modifications of stipules and bracts, stating the plants on which they occur in any peculiar forms. (e) 20. Explain clearly what is meant by "alternation of generations," illustrating your answer by reference to the Coelnterata. 21. Explain, by reference to examples, the meaning of the following terms: Heredity, variation, correlation of growth, struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, evolution. 22. Give an account of the various forms of the bone known as the coracoid throughout the various classes of vertebrates. In what group does it attain its maximum development? (f) 23. Describe fully the structure of the mammalian heart. 24. Explain fully what you understand by blood pressure. 25. Discuss the influence of the capillary system on the circulation. 26. How is the flow in the small vessels regulated? (g) 27. How are limestones formed? Describe the geographical and geological position of the principal limestones in the British Isles. -28. What is meant by saying that granite is the extreme result of metamorphism? What are the observations upon which that opinion has been founded? 29. Define accurately the zoological position and range in time of Graptolites, Trilobites, Orthoceratites, and Nummulites. 30. Explain the conditions under which coal beds were formed. Give a sketch of the vegetation of the coal period, and point out in what respect it differed from that occupying similar localities in the Jurassic period. Logic. General Paper. 1. What are names? Why should names be studied before things? Discuss the question whether names are names of things or of our ideas of things. 2. What are the Aristotelic Categories, and what according to Mill are the imperfections of Aristotle's classification of things capable of being named? 3. What is the difference between real and verbal propositions? Show, with examples, what are the uses of verbal propositions. 4. Explain clearly, giving examples, the distinction between real kinds and not-real kinds. Is it true that "real kinds are natural classes"? 5. What are the three forms of mediate inference? Explain the statement that all logical inference consists in induction. 6. What is meant by the dictum de omni et nullo? Explain the following passages from Mill: (a) "To give any real meaning to the dictum de omni we must consider it not as an axiom, but as a definition: we must look upon it as intended to explain in a circuitous and paraphrastic manner, the meaning of the word class." (b) "It must be granted that in every syllogism considered as an argument to prove the conclusion, there is a petitio principii.' 7. Discuss any objections that have been made to Mill's theory of the syllogism. 8. Define induction, and give examples of inductions improperly so called. 9. What is meant by colligation of facts? Show very carefully the distinction between induction and colligation, and give a clear account of the controversy between Mill and Whewell on this subject. 10. Write an essay on the place of definition in Logic. French History. (a) GENERAL HISTORY, 1360-1444; (b) SPECIAL, 1547-1560. (a) 1. Write the brief biographies of the illustrious Bertrand du Guesclin and Phil. van Artevelde. Connect with French history battles of Cocherel, Auray, Navarete, Rossbecque, Harfleur, Azincour, and give the terms of the great Treaty of Troyes. 2. Who were the Armagnacs and Burgundians of this period? Estimate their political importance. 3. Dwell on the Anglo-French campaign terminating in the year 1444, and commencing with Azincour 1415. Connect with it the Regency of Bedford and the campaign of Joan of Arc. What literary importance attaches to this period of French History? (b) 4. Give the chief events connected with French History between 1552-55. Note also the after results of Gravelines, Cateau-Cambrésis, and the taking of Calais. 5. Dwell on the home policy of Henry II., estimate the importance of his reign and the result of his foreign diplomacy. 6. Connect with the history of these times in France, Francis Duke of Guise, Condé, Coligny, de Vielleville; write short biographies of each, mentioning the after results of the celebrated "Conspiracy of Amboise." Constitutional History. 1216-1307. 1. Trace the History of Papal taxation in England during this period. 2. Give a clear summary of the Provisions of Oxford. What objects were aimed at in them? 3. Write a short essay on the constitutional importance of the work of Simon de Montfort. 4. Enumerate the chief legislative enactments of Edward I. State briefly the object of each. 5. Describe very carefully the Constitution of the Model Parliament (1295). What precedents were there for the presence of each of the Three Estates of the Realm ? 6. Mention some of the most important re-issues of the great Charter, noting any important changes made in it. Political Economy. Senior. 1. Distinguish between interest and profits. Why is the rate of interest higher in America than in England? 2. What is the Earnings and Interest Fund? Among whom is it divided, and how are the respective shares determined? 3. How would an intensification of demand affect the respective prices of the following articles: (i) Cotton cloth. (ii) Old furniture. (iii) Walter Scott's novels? : Illustrate your answers by diagrams. 4. Define real wages, nominal wages, time wages, task wages. Show that at the same time nominal wages may be low, but real wages high. 5. Why are the wages of agricultural labourers higher in the North than in the South of England? Are farmers in the North at a disadvantage because of this? 6. Define rent. Why is rent ever paid? Political Economy. 1. Show how an increase in the population of a given country may raise rents. Mention any circumstances which may counteract this tendency. 2. If value is determined by cost of production, how is it that we hear of things being sold under cost price? 3. On what does the demand for unskilled labour depend? 4. To what extent is it true that wages depend on the price of food? Are cheap necessaries of life good for a country? 5. Give the advantages and disadvantages of the apprentice system, saying whether you think its chief advantages can be obtained by other means. 6. Examine: (i) The Wages Fund Theory. (ii) Cairns' modification of the same. |