Natural Philosophy. Junior and Senior. (2) CHEMISTRY; (b) PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY; (c) STATICS, DYNAMICS, AND HYDROSTATICS EXPERIMENTALLY TREATED; (d) THE EXPERIMENTAL LAWS OF HEAT; (e) ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM; (f) ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY; (g) ZOOLOGY; (h) BOTANY; (k) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Junior Students will only be examined in three of the subjects (a), (b), (c), (d), (g), (h). Senior Students will only be examined in three of the subjects (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (ƒ), (g), (k). NOTE.-(b) cannot be taken with (a), nor (g), nor (k), without (ƒ). (a) 1. Mention the chief compounds of C and H. 2. How is carbonic acid gas made and tested? 3. What is flame? Describe an ordinary candle flame, and contrast it with that of a Bunsen burner. (b). 4. How are ammoniacal salts known in solution? 5. Mention the chief tests for potassium. How is it known from sodium? 6. How is HCl. tested for? (c) 7. Find the resultant of two unequal parallel forces acting on a rigid body. Parallel forces of 1 lb., 3 lb., and 2 lb. act at points A, B, C in a straight line; find the relative position of the points and the direction of the forces, in order that they may be in equilibrium. 8. Explain the action of a barometer. What is the effect upon the readings of admitting air into the vacuum? 9. Prove the formula 2-2 gs. A body projected vertically upwards just attains a height of four hundred feet; find the velocity of projection (g = 32). 10. If the weights in Attwood's machine are each seventy-one grammes, what weight must be added to one of them that it may descend two feet in three seconds? (g- 32.) (d) 11. How is it more heat is required to raise a given mass of air through 1°C. when it is allowed to expand, so as to keep its pressure constant, than when its volume is kept constant? The air may be supposed to be in a cylinder, in which a piston is allowed to move in the first case, but is fixed in the second. 12. It is found by the calorimeter that three hundred and sixteen grains of copper at 100°C. will just melt thirty-eight grains of ice. Given that the latent heat of fusion for water is seventynine, find the specific heat of the copper. 13. Is water a good conductor of heat? Mention any experiment or some natural fact to illustrate your answer. 14. Given a simple experiment showing that the elastic force of aqueous vapour, at a constant temperature, cannot exceed a certain intensity. 15. Describe the Still, and show how, by means of it, we can obtain pure water. (e) 16. State Ohm's law; and the law of the resistance of a conductor. The current from a battery passes through a wire ten miles long, and through a galvanometer; the needle is deflected 10°. When the wire is shortened to five miles the deflection increases to 11°. Show that the resistances of the battery and the galvanometer together are equal to that of forty-five miles of the wire. The deflection is supposed to be proportional to the current. 17. Describe fully the construction of (i) the induction coil, (ii) the dynamo-electric machine. 18. Describe the electrophorus, and the mode of using it. 19. When a Leyden jar is charged by an electrophorus, explain whence the energy of the charge is derived. 20. What is meant by two points or bodies being at different potentials? On what does the difference depend? (ƒ) 21. Describe briefly the position of the chief organs in a frog's body, as first seen on removing the skin for dissection. 22. Draw the skull of a frog, and point out its chief features. (g) 23. Write out a classification of the Insecta, mentioning the characters of each group, and state all you know about the Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. 24. By what means does a star-fish move about? 25. Give a brief description of the nervous system in its modifications throughout the animal kingdom. In connection with this, describe what various kinds of sense-organs are found among Invertebrates. 26. Contrast the vascular system of a reptile with that of a mammal. What difference exists between their blood-corpuscles? Compare the different kinds of blood-corpuscles that you know, throughout the animal kingdom. (h) 27. Explain carefully the meaning of diffusion. Describe an experiment by which you could show it, and state its uses to a plant. 28. Plants both absorb and give out oxygen and carbon dioxide. Explain this. 29. Trace the life history of a bean, from a seed to the production of a seed again. 30. What is meant by a plant being a parasite? Why is it that the dodder, which lives as a parasite on gorse, has no need of leaves? (k) 31. What areas on the earth's surface are affected by volcanoes and earthquakes? 32. Give the history of a glacier as it would occur in a mountain region in which the climate had become very cold. Mention places where glaciers now occur. 33. What evidence of their former existence in some districts have glaciers left behind them? Where are these found? 34. Explain how earth pillars are formed, and where they occur. Science. Higher Local. (a) ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS; (b) CHEMISTRY; (c) PHYSICS; (d) BOTANY; (e) ZOOLOGY; (f) PHYSIOLOGY; (g) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. All Students are expected to satisfy the Examiners in (a) and in one at least of the subjects (b) to (g). No Student will be examined in more than three of the subjects (b) to (g) in one year. (a) 1. How would you show that water is a true chemical compound, and air merely a mixture, of gases? 2. Explain what is meant by the terms molecule, valency, monad, dyad. 3. What is a carbonate? Give examples of naturally occurring and artificially prepared carbonates. 4. Describe Chara or Nitella with special reference to the following: the reproductive organs, the arrangement of cells in the stem, the apical cell, and the protoplasmic movements. 5. Compare a plant of Chara with one of the simpler organisms you have already studied. 6. Explain what is meant by the moment of a force about a point. State the principal properties of moments. 7. Weights of 2 lb., 3 lb., 4 lb., and 5 lb. respectively are placed at the corners of a square whose side is 4 feet. Find the distance of the common C. G. from the centre. (b) 8. Describe any methods by which you would show the At. Wt. of Carbon to be 12. 9. Describe the chief hydrocarbons met with in coal gas. 10. What is a "Halogen"? Can you name any other groups of elements which form a similar series? 11. Describe briefly the methods of preparing Cl, Br, I and Fl, respectively. (c) 12. The length of an inclined plane is to the height as 85 to 13; if the power be horizontal and equal to 52 lb., find the weight. 13. A cylindrical piece of cork of specific gravity 25 and length of 10 inches floats upright in water; how much of it will be immersed? 14. Describe the common barometer, and point out the principle on which its action is based. 15. How can the true weight of a body be determined by means of a balance with unequal arms? (d) 16. Describe a transverse section of a leaf, as seen under the microscope, and the various modifications of tissue and arrangement of cell-contents you observe. 17. Describe briefly, from observation, a stoma, a gland, a glandular hair, and an intercellular space. 18. What are Lenticels, Cork, and Bark? 19. Enumerate the various groups of tissue met with in an ordinary flowering plant, and contrast this with an alga such as Chara or Fucus. (e) 20. What is a larva? Give three examples, and describe their structure as contrasted with that of the adult animal. |