Elements of Surveying and Leveling |
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Page 11
... number set aside , and discard as many of the right - hand figures of the product as there are figures in the multiplier , and add the result thus obtained to the mantissa already found . If the left - hand SEC . I. ] 11 LOGARITHMS .
... number set aside , and discard as many of the right - hand figures of the product as there are figures in the multiplier , and add the result thus obtained to the mantissa already found . If the left - hand SEC . I. ] 11 LOGARITHMS .
Page 13
... obtained a number of O's one less than the number of units in the nega- tive characteristic and to the whole prefix a decimal point ; the result , a pure decimal , will be the number required . EXAMPLE . - Let it be required to find the ...
... obtained a number of O's one less than the number of units in the nega- tive characteristic and to the whole prefix a decimal point ; the result , a pure decimal , will be the number required . EXAMPLE . - Let it be required to find the ...
Page 15
... obtained by subtracting it from 10. Thus , 8.130456 is the arithmetical complement of 1.869544 . The arithmetical complement is denoted by the symbol ( a . c . ) . The following is the rule for the use of the arithmetical com- plement ...
... obtained by subtracting it from 10. Thus , 8.130456 is the arithmetical complement of 1.869544 . The arithmetical complement is denoted by the symbol ( a . c . ) . The following is the rule for the use of the arithmetical com- plement ...
Page 21
... obtained by taking the degrees from the top of the page , and the minutes from any line on the left hand of the page , is the complement of that obtained by taking the degrees from the bottom of the page , and the minutes from the same ...
... obtained by taking the degrees from the top of the page , and the minutes from any line on the left hand of the page , is the complement of that obtained by taking the degrees from the bottom of the page , and the minutes from the same ...
Page 25
... obtained , and from this tangent the half difference itself is found . The greater of the two unknown angles is equal to half their sum added to half their difference ; the smaller is equal to half their sum diminished by half their ...
... obtained , and from this tangent the half difference itself is found . The greater of the two unknown angles is equal to half their sum added to half their difference ; the smaller is equal to half their sum diminished by half their ...
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Common terms and phrases
adjusted axis azimuth back-sight base-line bearing centre chain chord clamp the vernier column compass corresponding Cosine Cotang course cross-wires curve declination arc degree of curvature degrees determined difference of level direction divided draw east equal error example feet given ground hence horizontal distance horizontal line inches intersection latitude and departure length limb logarithm magnetic magnetic bearing magnetic declination main socket mantissa marked measured method needle notes object observed offsets parallel perpendicular plane plane of reference plot plumb-bob position protractor radius reading right angles scale sextant shaft side Sine slope solar Solar Compass stakes station straight line subtracted surface survey surveyor taken Tang tangent points tangent screw telescope theodolite townships transit trapezoids traverse true meridian tunnel vernier plate vertical zero
Popular passages
Page 22 - The location must be distinctly marked on the ground so that its boundaries can be readily traced. All records of mining claims hereafter made shall contain the name or names of the locators, the date of the location, and such a description of the claim or claims located by reference to some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim. On each claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than...
Page 18 - The circumference of every circle is supposed to be divided into 360 equal parts called degrees, and each degree into 60 equal parts called minutes, and each minute into 60 equal parts called seconds, and these into thirds, fourths, &c.
Page 181 - Being on a horizontal plane, and wanting to ascertain the height of a tower, standing on the top of an inaccessible hill, there were measured, the angle of elevation of the top of the hill 40°, and of the top of the tower 51° ; then measuring in a direct line 180 feet farther from the hill, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower Cway 33° 45' ; required the height of the tower.
Page 5 - Turn the instrument on its spindle so as to bring the solar lens to be adjusted in the direction of the sun, and raise or lower the adjuster on the declination arc, until it can be clamped in such a position as to bring the sun's image as near as may be between the equatorial lines on the opposite silver plate, and bring the image precisely into position by the tangent of the latitude arc or the leveling-screws of the tripod.
Page 7 - The declination of the sun, given in the Ephemeris of the Nautical Almanac, from year to year, is calculated for apparent noon at Greenwich, England. To determine it for any other hour at a place in the...
Page 8 - Allowance being made for refraction, the line of sights will indicate the true meridian ; the observation may now be made, and the flag-man put in position. When a due east and west line is to be run, the verniers of the horizontal limb are set at 90°, and the sun's image kept between the lines as before. The Solar Compass being so constructed that when the sun's image is in position the limb must be clamped at...
Page 9 - Caution as to the False Image. In using the compass upon the sun, if the revolving arm be turned a little one side of its proper position, a false or reflected image of the sun will appear on the silver plate in nearly the same place as that occupied by the true one. It is caused by the reflection of the true image from the surface of the arm, and is a fruitful source of error to the inexperienced surveyor. It can, however, be readily distinguished from the real image by being much less bright, and...
Page 25 - C' (89) (90) (91) (92) (93) 112. In any plane triangle, the sum of any two sides is to their difference as the tangent of half the sum of the opposite angles is to the tangent of half their difference.
Page 9 - THE logarithm of a number is the exponent of the power to which it is necessary to raise a fixed number to produce the given number...
Page 12 - ... after noon is so nearly that of the meridian that it may be called and allowed as the same. When the table is used, it must be borne in mind that when the declination is north, or + in the table, the refraction is to be added ; when the declination is south, or — , the refraction must be subtracted. It will be noticed that...