To ADMINISTER. v. a. (administro, Lat.) 1. To give; to afford; to supply (Philips). 2. To act as the minister or agent in any employment or office (Pope). 3. To distribute justice. 4. To dispense the sacraments (Hooker). 5. To tender an oath (Shakspeare). 6. To give physick as it is wanted. 7. To contribute; to bring supplies (Spectator). 8. To perform the office of an adininistrator.

To ADMINISTRATE. v. a (administro, Lat.) To give as physick: not in use (Woodward).

ADMINISTRATION. s. (administratio, Lat.) 1. The act of administering or conducting any employment (Shakspeare). 2. The active or executive part of government (Swift). 3. Those to whom the care of publick affairs is committed. 4. Distribution; exhibition; dispensation (Hooker).

ADMINISTRATIVE. a. (from administrate.) That does adininister.

ADMINISTRATOR. s. (administrator, Lat.) 1. He that has the goods of a man dying intestate committed to his charge (Cowell). 2. He that officiates in divine rites (Watts). 3. He that conducts the government (Swift).

ADMINISTRATOR, in law, he to whom the ordinary commits the administration of the goods of a person deceased, in default of an executor. An action lies for or against an administrator, as for or against an executor; and he shall be accountable to the value of the goods of the deceased, and no farther; unless there be waste, or other abuse, chargeable on him. If the administrator die, his executors are not administrators; but the court is to grant a new administration If a stranger, who is neither administrator nor executor, take the goods of the deceased, and administer, he shall be charged, and sued as an executor, not as an administrator. The origin of administrators may be traced to the civil law. ADMINISTRATORSHIP. s. (from administrator.) The office of administrator.

ADMINISTRATRIX, a female administrator. She who hath goods and chattels of an intestate committed to her charge, as ad

ministrator.

ADMIRABLE. a. (admirabilis, Lat.) To be admired; of power to excite wonder (Sidney).

ADMIRABLENESS, ADMIRABILITY. s. (from admirable.) The quality or state of being admirable.

ADMIRABLY. ad. (from admirable.) In an admirable manner (Addison).

ADMIRAL, in a general sense, an officer of high naval rank, who usually commands a fleet or squadron of ships of war. Anciently there were generally three or four admirals appointed in the English seas, all of them holding the office durante bene placito; and each of them having particular limits under their charge and government; as admirals of the fleet of ships, from the mouth of the Thames, northward, southward, or westward. Before the word admiral was adopted, the title of custos maris was made use of. Authors are

divided with regard to the origin and denomi nation of this important officer, whom we find established in most kingdoms that border on the sea. But the most probable opinion is that of sir Henry Spelman, who thinks, that both the name and dignity were derived from the Saracens, and, by reason of the holy wars, brought amongst us; for admiral, in the Arabian language, signifies a prince, or chief ruler, and was the ordinary title of the governors of cities, provinces, &c. and therefore they called the commander of the navy by that name, as a name of dignity and honour. And indeed there are no instances of admirals in this part of Europe before the year 1284, when Philip of France, who attended St. Louis in the wars against the Saracens, created an admiral. Du Cange assures us, that the Sicilians were the first, and the Genoese the next, who gave the denomination of admiral to the commanders of their naval armaments; and that they took it from the Saracen or Arabic emir, a general name for every commanding officer. As for the exact time when the word was introduced among us, it is uncertain: some think it was in the reign of Edward I. Sir Henry Spelman is of opinion that it was first used in the reign of Henry III. because neither the laws of Oleron made in 1266, nor Bracton, who wrote about that time, make any mention of it; and that the term admiral was not used in a charter in the eighth of Henry III. wherein he granted this office to Richard de Lacey, by these words, maritimam Angliæ; but in the fifty-sixth year of the same reign, not only the historians, but the charters themselves, ́very frequently use the word admiral.

Lord High Admiral of England, an office of so great power and trust, that it has been thought expedient in modern times to place it in the hands of a body of commissioners, who have a kind of president under the title of first lord of the admiralty. Their jurisdiction is exercised over all matters of naval concern whatever.

Lord High Admiral of Scotland, one of the great officers of the crown, and supreme judge in all maritime cases within that part of Britain.

ADMIRAL, also implies the commander in chief of any single fleet or squadron; or, in general, any flag-officer whatever. The commander of a fleet carries his flag at the maintop-mast head.

Vice Admiral, is the commander of the second squadron, and carries his flag at the foretop-mast head.

Rear Admiral, is the commander of the third squadron, and carries his flag at the mizen-top-mast head.

The rank of an admiral and his station in

the line are also indicated by the colour of his flag. Hence there are admirals, vice admirals, and rear admirals, of the white, of the blue, &c.

ADMIRAL, is also an appellation given to the most considerable ship of a fleet of mer chantmen, or of the vessels employed in the cod-fishery of Newfoundland.

ADMIRAL, in conchology, the name of a bautiful shell of the volute kind, much adred by the curious, There are four species this shell, viz. the grand-admiral, the vicenical, the orange-admiral, and the extrairal. The first is extremely beautiful, of a elegant white enamel, variegated with bands of yellow, which represent, in some measure, e colours of the flags in men of war. It is of a very curious shape, and finely turned about the head, the clavicle being exerted; but its distinguishing character is a denticulated line, running along the centre of the large yellow band; by this it is distinguished fam the vice-admiral, the head of which is also less elegantly formed. The orange-admiral has more yellow than any of the others, and the bands of the extra-admiral run into ne another.

finest feelings of the soul, from those which are common to the most ignorant and uncu!tivated. Even ideots may be surprised, the most ignorant may wonder, and frequently do wonder the most; but neither of them are susceptible of that impression which is best expressed by admiration. If we adhere stedfastly to the rule, that no two words are perfectly synonymous which cannot be used with equal propriety in every possible connection; we shall find that admiration is as superior to surprise and wonder simply considered, as knowledge is superior to ignorance: for its appropriate signification is "that act of the mind, by which we discover, approve, and enjoy, some unusual species of excellence." Cogan on the Passions, p. 147.

To ADMIRE. v. a. (admiror, Lat.) 1. To、 regard with wonder (Glanville). 2. To regard

ADMIRALTY, the office of lord high-admal, whether discharged by one single pera, or by joint commissioners, called lords of Le admiralty.

Court of Admiralty, a sovereign court, held the lord high-admiral, or lords of the adsly, where cognizance is taken in all maaffairs. All crimes committed on the xas, or on great rivers below the first next the sea, are cognizable in this Con only, and before which they must be met by judge and jury. But in civil cases the de is different, the decisions being all made according to the civil law. In case any person is sund in the admiralty court, contrary to the statutes, he may have the writ of supersedeas to stop farther proceedings, and also an action for double damages against the person suing. Subordinate to this court there is another of quity called court-merchant; wherein all Causes between merchants are decided, agreeably to the rules of the civil law.

ADMIRALTY ISLANDS, a cluster of islands the South Pacific Ocean, to the NW of New Ireland. Some of them appear of considerable extent: the centre one lies in about Lat. 2. 18 S. Lon. 146. 44 E.

ADMIRATION. s. Is defined by Mr. Grove, to be that sudden surprise at the novelty of an object, by which the soul is fastened down to the contemplation of it. He also asserts, that, according to the different character of its object, it is called esteem, or contempt. Indeed much ambiguity attends the precise signification of this word: sometimes it is used to denote surprise; at others, wonder; sometimes it is applied to subjects as a mark of degradation; at others, as expreslive of excellencies. But in the most pertinent and appropriate use of the terms to admire, and admiration, they are manifestly deviating from a generic to a specific sense; and in proportion, says Dr. Cogan, to our advances in precision and accuracy, we feel not only the advantage, but the necessity of applying them to some kind of excellency exclusively; otherwise we shall be destitute of words to discriminate the

To ADMIRE. v. n. To wonder (Ray).

ADMIRER. s. (from admire.) 1. The person that wonders, or regards with admiration (Addison). 2. A lover.

ADMIRINGLY. ad. (from admire.) With admiration (Shakspeare).

ADMISSIBLE. a. (admitto, admissum, Lat.) That may be admitted (Hule).

ADMISSION. s. (admissio, Lat.) 1. The act or practice of admitting (Bacon). 2. The state of being admitted (Dryden). 3. Admittance; the power of entering (Woodward). 4. The allowance of an argument.

To ADMIT. v. a. (admitto, Lat.) 1. To suffer to enter (Pope). 2. To suffer to enter upon an office (Clarendon). 3. To allow an argument or position (Fairfax). 4. To allow, or grant, in general (Dryden).

ADMITTABLE. a. (from admit.) That may be admitted (Ayliffe).

2.

ADMITTANCE. s. (from admit.) 1. The act of admitting; permission to enter. The power or right of entering (Locke). 3. Custom: out of use (Shakspeare). 4. Concession of a position (Brown).

ADMITTENDO CLERICO, is a writ granted to him who hath recovered his right of presentation against the bishop in the common pleas.

ADMITTENDO IN SOCIUM, is a writ for the association of certain persons to justices of assize formerly appointed.

To ADMIX. v. a. (admisceo, Lat.) To mingle with something else.

ADMIXTION. s. (from admix.) The union of one body with another (Bacon). ADMIXTURE. s. (from admix.) The body mingled with another (Woodward).

To ADMONISH. v. a. (admoneo, Lat.) To warn of a fault; to reprove gently (Dryden).

"DMONISHER. s. (from admonish.) The person that puts another in mind of his faults or duty (Dryden).

ADMONISHMENT. s. (from admonish.) Admonition; notice of faults or duties (Shakspeare). ADMONITION. 5.

(admonitio, Lat.)

CDMONITIONER.. (from admonition.) Ammaladyker. A ludicrous term (Hooker). ADMONITORY. a. (admonitorius, Lat.) What does admonish (Hooker).

ADMORTIZATION, in the feudal cusson 4, the reduction of the property of lands or Sevements to mortmain.

ADMOVE. 8. a. (admoveo, Lat.) To bring one thing to another.

ADMURMURATION. . The act of mobrubig to another.

ADNATA TUNICA. (adnata, from adwavor, to grow to.) Albuginea oculi. Tumira albugina oculi. This membrane is mostby confounded with the conjunctive. It is, Freser, thus formed: five of the muscles which move the eyes take their origin from the bottom of the orbit, and the sixth arises from the edge of it; they are all inserted by a tendinous expansion into the anterior part of the tonica sclerotica; which expansion gives the whiteness peculiar to the fore part of the ye. It lies betwixt the sclerotica and conjunctiva.

ADNATE. In botany, adjoined, adhering, fastened, fixed or growing to. As the offects, or small bulbs, produced from the main bulb, and closely adjoining to it; in narcissus, &c. The leaf, adhering to the stem or branch by the surface or disk itself. The petiole. The stipule, fixed to the petiole, and opposed to solute, loose, detached; as in rose, bramble, potentilla, &c. The anther. The style, adhering to the corol, as in canna.

ADNOUN, is used by some grammarians to express what is more usually called an adjective.

ADO'. . (from the verb to do, with a before it, as the French affaire, from a and faire.) 1. Trouble; difficulty (Sidney). 2. Bustle; tumult; business (Locke). 3. More tumult and show of business than the affair is worth (L'Estrange).

ADOLESCENCE, ADOLESCENCY. S. (udolescentia, Lat.) The age succeeding childhood, and succeeded by puberty (Brown). It is commonly computed to be between filteen and twenty-five, or even thirty years of age; though in different constitutions its terms are very different. The Romans usually reckoned it from twelve to twenty-tive in boys; and to twenty-one in girls, &c. And yet, among their writers, juvenis and adolescens are frequently used indifferently, for any person under forty-five years.

ADONAI, one of the names of the Supreme Being in the Scriptures. The Jews, who enher out of respect, or superstition, do not pronounce the name of Jehovah, read Adonai in the room of it, as often as they meet with

Jehovah in the Hebrew text. But the ancient Jews were not so scrupulous.

ADONIA, in antiquity, solemn feasts in honour of Venus, and in memory of her beloved Adonis. The Adonia were observed with great solemnity by most nations; Greeks, Phoenicians, Lycians, Syrians, Egyptians, &c. They lasted two days, and were chiefly cele brated by the women.

ADONIC, a sort of verse used by the Greek and Latin poets, consisting of two feet, the first of which is a dactyle, and the second a spondee, or trochee. It was originally used in the la mentations for the death of Adonis, and from that circumstance acquired its name. Its principal use among the poets, however, is only as a conclusion to the Sapphic verse; as in the following:

Scandit æratas vitiosa naves

Cura, nec turmas equitum relinquit
Ocyor cervis & agente nimbos
Ocyor Euro.

HORAT. ADONIDES, an appellation given to such botanists as have given descriptions or catalogues of the plants cultivated in some particular place.

ADONIS, son of Cinyras, by his daughter Myrrha, was the favourite of Venus. He was fond of hunting, and was often cautioned by his mistress not to hunt wild beasts, for fear of being killed in the attempt. This advice he slighted, and at last received a mortal bite from a wild boar which he had wounded; and Venus, after shedding many tears at his death, changed him into a flower called anemony. Proserpine is said to have restored him to life, on condition that he should spend six months with her, and the rest of the year with Venus. This implies the alternate return of summer and winter. Some writers say, Mars transformed himself into a wild boar, and struck Adonis in the groin with his tusk, and thus caused his death.

ADO'NIS. (awvis, from adon, Heb.) The herb pheasant's-eye: so named because it was fabled that Adonis was changed into this flower by Venus, after having been slain by a boar. The Adonis is a genus in the Linnéan class and order polyandria polygynia: calyx five-leaved; petals from five to eight, or more; without the nectariferous pore at the base. seeds naked. It is common to Europe and Africa in several of its species, the whole of which amount to eight. The a. autumnalis, is the wild pheasant's eye of our own cornfields.

ADONISTS, a sect or party, among divines and critics, who maintain, that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural points belonging to that word, nor express the true pronunciation of it, but are the vowel-points, belonging to the words Adonai and Elohim, applied to the consonants of the ineffable name Jehovah; to warn the readers, that instead of the word Jehovah, which the Jews were for bid to pronounce, and the true pronunciation

with decorations (Cowley). 3. To embellish with oratory (Sprat).

ADOʻRŇMENT. s. (from adorn.) Ornament; embellishment: not in use (Raleigh). ADOUR, a river of France, which rises in the mountains of Bigorre, and falls into the bay of Biscay.

ADOWN. ad. (from a and down.) Down; on the ground (Spenser).

ADOWN. prep. Toward the ground.

ADOXA. Tuberose moschatell, or hollow root. A genus of the Linnéan class and order octandria tetragynia; thus characterised: calyx two or three-cleft, half inferior; corol four or five-cleft, superior: capsule four or five-celled, invested with the calyx. One species only is known, which is common to the woods of our own country.

AD PONDUS OMNIUM. The weight of the whole. These words are inserted in pharmaceutical preparations or prescriptions, when the last ingredient ought to weigh as much as all the others put together.

ADPRESSUS, in botany, denotes contiguous, pressed to, or laid to."

ADQUISTA. See PROSLAMBANOME

ADRAMMELECH, one of the gods of the inhabitants of Sepharvaim, who were settled in the country of Samaria, in the room of those Israelites who were carried beyond the Euphrates. The Sepharvaites made their children pass through fire, in honour of this idol, and another called Anamelech. It is supposed, that Adrammelech meant the sun, and Anamelech the moon: the first signifies the magnificent king; the second the gentle king.

ADRAMYTTIUM, a famous city of Mysia Major, called also Pedasus, which, according to Strabo, was an Athenian colony, with a harbour and dock, situate at the foot of mount Ida, near the Caicus. It was so called from Adramitus, the brother of Croesus, by whom it was built.

ADRASTEA, in antiquity, an epithet given to the goddess Nemesis, or Revenge.

ADRASTIA CERTAMINA, a kind of Pythian games instituted at Sicyon, in honour of Apollo.

ADRASTIA, in Troas, Asia; so called from Adrastus, who built it: it was famous for the temple of Nemesis and the oracle of Apollo. Lat. 39. 40 N. Lon. 28. 30 E.

ADRASTIA, a daughter of Jupiter and Necessity. She is called by some Nemesis, and is the punisher of injustice. The Egyptians

placed her above the moon, whence she lool down upon the actions of men.

ADRASTUS, king of Argos, son of Tal and Lysianissa, daughter of Polybius, king Sicyon, acquired great honour in the fam war of Thebes, in support of Polynices his so in-law, who had been excluded the sovereig of Thebes by Eteocles his brother, notwi standing their reciprocal agreement. Adrast followed by Polynices and Tydeus, his oth son-in-law, by Capaneus and Hippomedon sister's sons, by Amphiaraus his brotherlaw, and by Parthenopaus, marched again the city of Thebes; and this is the expediti of the Seven Worthies, which the poets ha so often sung. They all lost their lives in th war, except Adrastus, who was saved by b horse called Arion. This war was revived to years after by the sons of those deceased wa riors, which was called the war of the E gones, and ended with the taking of Thebe None of them lost their lives, except Egiale son of Adrastus; which afflicted him so much that he died of grief in Megara, as he wa leading back his victorious army.

ADREAD. ad. (from a and dread.) In state of fear: obsolete (Spenser).

ADRIAN, the fifteenth emperor of Rom is represented as a learned, warlike, and auste general. He came to Britain, where he bu a wall between the modern towns of Carlis and Newcastle, 60 miles long, to protect t Britons from the incursions of the Caledoniar He killed in battle 500,000 Jews who had r belled, and built a city on the ruins of Jerus lem, which was called Elia. His meno was so retentive, that he remembered every in cident of his life, and knew all the soldiers his army by name. In the beginning of reign, he followed the virtues of his adopt. father and predecessor Trajan: he remitted arrears due to his treasury for sixteen years, al publicly burnt the account-books, that his wo might not be suspected. It is said that I wished to enrol Christ among the gods Rome; but his apparent lenity towards t Christians was disproved, by the erection of statue to Jupiter on the spot where Jesus re from the dead, and one to Venus on mou Calvary. He died of a dysentery at Bai A. D. 138, in the 63d year of his age, after reign of 21 years. On his death-bed he cot posed some Latin verses, addressed to his so which betray the uncertainty he was in wi regard to a future state; and present a striki contrast to the tranquil confidence of A dison.

Animula, vagula, blandula,
Hospes, comesque corporis,
Quæ nunc abibis in loca,
Pallidula, rigida, nudula?
Nec, ut soles, dabis jocos.
Thus beautifully imitated by Prior:

Poor little, pretty Auttering thing,
Must we no longer live together?
And dost thou prune thy trembling wit
To take thy fight, thou know's

whither?