RECENT BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. AMEGHINO, F.-Première Contribution à la Connaissance de la Faune Mammalogique des Conches à Pyrotherium. Extr. Bol. del Inst. Geog. Argentino T. XV, 1895. From the author. ANDREWS, C. W.-On the Development of the Shouldergirdle of a Plesisaur (Cryptoclidus oxoniensis Phillips, sp.) from the Oxford Clay. Extr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XV, 1895. From the author. Annual Report for 1893, Iowa Geol. Survey, Vol. III. Biological Lectures delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Holl during the Summer Session of 1894. From C. O. Whitman. BRONN, H. G. Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs Zweiter Bd. Echinodermen; Fünfter Bd. Gliederfüssler, Arthropoda. Leipzig, 1895. Bulletin Vol. II, No. 1, 1894, College of Agric. Imperial University, Tokyo. Bulletin Nos. 30 and 31, 1895, Hatch Exper. Station, Mass. Agric. College. Bulletin No. 57, 1895, Mass. Agric. Exper. Station. Bulletin No. 30, 1894, Rhode Island Agric. Exper. Station. CHAMBERLIN, T. C.-Classification of American Glacial Deposits. Extr. Journ. Geol., Vol. III, 1895. -Recent Glacial Studies in Greenland. From the writer. Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 1895. CUSHING, H. P.-Faults of Chazy Township, Clinton Co., New York. DERBY, O. A.—A Study in the Consanguinity of Rocks. Extr. Extr. Am. Journ. Extr. Journ. Geol. On the Occurrence of Xenotine as an Accessory Element in Rocks. Magnetite Ore Districts of Jacupiranga and Ipanema, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Extrs. Am. Journ. Sci., Vol. XLI, 1891. From the author. Eighth Annual Report of the N. C. State Weather Service, April 19, 1895. EISEN, G.-On the Various Stages of Development of Spermatobium with notes on Other Parasitic Sporozoa. Extr. Proceeds. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) Vol. V, 1895. From the author. FAIRCHILD, H. L.-Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of Am. Geol. held at Baltimore Dec., 1894. Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 1895. -Lake Newberry the probable successor of Lake Warren. Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 1894. 1895. -The Kamemoraine at Rochester, N. Y. -Glacial Lakes of Western New York. 6, 1895. From the Soc. Extr. Amer. Geol., Vol. XVI, Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. GEIKIE, J.-Classification of European Glacial Deposits. Extr. Journ. Geol., Vol. III, 1895. From the writer. HAWORTH, E.-The Stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal Measures. Extr. Kan. Univ. Quart., Vol. III, No. 4, 1895. ———Oil and Gas in Kansas. Extr. Proceeds. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. XLIII, 1894. From the author. HAYES, S.-The Shaw Mastodon. Extr. Journ. Cin. Nat. Hist. Soc., 1895. From the author. SLOSSON, E. E. AND L. C. COLBURN.-The Heating Power of Wyoming Coal and Iron. Special Bull. Univ. Wyoming, Jan., 1895. HYATT, A-Phylogeny of an Acquired Characteristic. Extr. Proceeds. Amer. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXII. From the author. KING, F. P.-A Preliminary Report on the Corundum Deposits of Georgia. Bull. No. 2, 1894, Geol. Surv. Georgia. LIOY, P.-Ditteri Italiani. Milano, 1895. From Ulrico Hoepli, Editore. MERRILL, J. A.-Fossil Sponges of the Flint Nodules in the Lower Cretaceous of Texas. Extr. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, Vol. XXVIII, 1895. From Alexander Agassiz. MINOT, H. D.-The Land Birds and Game Birds of New England. Second Edition, Edited by William Brewster. Boston, 1895. From the Pub., Houghton, Mifflin and Co. MAGGI, L.-Tecnica Protistologica. Milano, 1895. Editore. From Ulrico Hoepli, MOORE, J. P.—The Anatomy of Bdellodrilus illuminatus, an American Discodrilid. Extr. Journ. Morph., Vol. X, 1895. From the author. From NIPHER, F. E.-On the Electrical Capacity of Bodies, and the Energy of an Electrical Charge. Extr, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. VII, 1895. the author. OSBORN, H. F.-The Hereditary Mechanism and the search for the Unknown Factors of Evolution. Fifth Biological Lecture at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Wood's Holl, 1894. Boston, 1895. From the author. Extr. PERACCA, M. G.-Viaggio del Dott A. Borelli nella Republica Argentina e nel Paraquay. Rettili ed Anfibi.-Nuova specie di Lepidosternum. Boll. Mus. di Zool. ed Anat. Comp., Vol. X, 1895. From the author. SHERWOOD, W. L.-The Salamanders found in the Vicinity of New York City with notes upon Extralimital or Allied Species. Extr. Proceeds. Linn. Soc. New York, 1895. From the author. Sixth Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, 1895. From Wm. Trelease. SMITH, E. A.-Report upon the Coosa Coal Field. Bull. Geol. Surv. of Alabama, 1895. From the author. SMYTH, C. H. JR.-Crystalline Limestones and Associated Rocks of the Northwestern Adirondack Region. Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 6, 1895. From the Society. STRONG, O. S.-The Cranial Nerves of Amphibia. Extr. Journ. Morph., Boston, 1895. From the author. UPHAM, W.-Discrimination of Glacial Accumulation and Invasion. Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 6, 1895. VINES, S. H.-A Student's Text Book of Botany. London, New York, 1895. From Macmillan and Co., Pub. WAITE, E. R-Observations on Dendrolagus bennettianus De Vis. Extr. Proceeds. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. IX, 1894. From the author. WALCOTT, C. D.-Presidential Address before the Geol. Soc. Am., 1894. From the author. WEED, C. M.-The Cultivation of Specimens for Biological Study. Concord, 1895. From the author. WHITMAN, C. O.—Bonnet's Theory of Evolution-A System of Negations; Evolution and Epigenesis; The Palingenesia and the German Doctrine of Bonnet. Lectures delivered at Wood's Holl, 1894. From the author. WOOD, H.-Has Mental Healing a Valid Scientific and Religious Basis? Boston, 1895. From the author. General Notes. PETROGRAPHY.' The Origin of Adinoles.-Hutchings has discovered a contact rock at the Whin Sill, England, which, in the author's opinion, represents an intermediate stage in the production of an adinole from a fragmental rock. It contains corroded clastic grains of quartz and feldspar in an isotropic base containing newly crystallized grains of quartz and feldspar. The isotropic material is derived from the clastic grains by the processes of contact metamorphism, whatever they may be, as grains of quartz are often seen with portions of their masses replaced by the substance. The rock has begun its recrystallization from the isotropic material produced by solution or fusion of the original grains, but the process was arrested before the crystallization was completed. The paper concludes with some general remarks on metamorphism. The author thinks that the statement that in granite contacts no transfer of material takes place has not yet been proven true. He also thinks that more care should be taken in ascribing to dynamic metamorphism certain effects that may easily be due to the contact action of unexposed dioritic or granitic masses. 3 Notes from the Adirondacks.-The limestones, gneisses and igneous instrusives of the Northwestern Adirondack region are well described by Smyth. The intrusions consist of granites, diorites, gabbros and diabases. The gabbro of Pitcairn varies widely in its structure and composition, from a coarse basic or a coarse, almost pure feldspathic rock to a fine grained one with the typical gabbroitic habit. 1 Edited by Dr. W. S. Bayley, Colby University, Waterville, Me. 'Geological Magazine, March and April, 1895. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 6, p. 263. Compact hornblende is noted as an alteration product of its augite. Where in contact with the limestones the gabbro has changed these rocks into masses of green pyroxene, garnet, scapolite and sphene. A second variety of the gabbro is hypersthenic. A third variety is characterized by its large zonal feldspars composed of cores of plagioclase surrounded by microperthite, although crystals of the latter substance alone abound in some sections. The ferromagnesian components are rare as compared with the feldspars. Nearly all specimens of these rocks are schistose, and all of the schistose varieties exhibit the cataclastic structure in perfection. Analysis of the normal (I) and of the microperthitic or acid (II) gabbros yielded : 2 2 Sio, Al,O, FeO MgO CaO KO Na,O H2O Total I 57.00 16.01 10.30 1.62 6.20 3.53 4.35 II 65.65 16.84 4.01 .13 2.47 5.04 5.27 .1599.16 .3099.71 Near the contact with the limestone the gabbro is finer grained than elsewhere. Pyroxene is in larger grains than in the normal rock, but the feldspar is in smaller ones. The limestone loses its banding and is bleached to a pure white color. Between the two rocks is a fibrous zone of green pyroxene and wollastonite, together with small quantities of sphene and garnet and sometimes scapolite and feldspar. The red gneisses, common to that portion of the region studied which borders on the gabbro, are thought by the author to be largely modified portions of the intrusive rock. The Eastern Adirondacks have been studied by Kemp. The limestones of Port Henry consist of pure calcite, scattered through which are small scales of graphite, phlogopite and occasionally quartz grains, apatite and coccolite. This is cut by stringers of silicates that are granitic aggregates of plagioclase, quartz, hornblende and a host of other minerals. Ophicalcite masses are also disseminated through the limestones, and these are also penetrated by the silicate stringers. Merrill' has shown that the serpentine of the ophicalcite is derived from a colorless pyroxene. The schists associated with the limestones are briefly characterized by the author. At Keene Center a granulite was found on the contact of the ophicalcite with anorthosite. Hornblende Granite and Limestones of Orange Co., N. Y. -Portions of Mts. Adam and Eve at Warwick, Orange Co., N. Y., are composed of basic hornblende granite that is in contact with the white Ibid, p. 241. 5 Cf. AMERICAN NATURALIST, 1895, p. 1005. limestone whose relations to the blue limestone of the same region have been so much discussed. The granite contains black hornblende, a little biotite, and so much plagioclase that some phases of it might well be called a quartzdiorite. Allanite and fluorite are also present in the rock, the former often quite abundantly. As the granite approaches the limestone it becomes more basic. Malacolite, scapolite and sphene are developed in it in such quantity, that immediately upon the contact the normal components of the granites are completely replaced. On the limestone side of the contact the rock becomes charged with silicates, the most abundant of which are hornblende, phlogopite, light green pyroxenes, sphene, spinel, chondrodite, vesuvianite, etc. contact effects are similar in character to those between plutonic rocks and limestones elsewhere. The blue and the white limestones are regarded as the same rock, the latter variety being the metamorphosed phase." The An Augengneiss from the Zillerthal.-The change of a granite porphyry into augengneiss is the subject of a recent article by Fütterer. The rocks are from the Zillerthal in the Alps. The gneisses are crushed and shattered by dynamic forces until most of the evidences of their origin have disappeared. The original phenocrysts have been broken and have suffered trituration on their edges, while new feldspar, quartz, malacolite and other minerals have been formed in abundance. The groundmass of the gneiss is a mosaic whose structure is partially clastic through the fracture of the original components and partially crystalline through the production of new substances. The author's study is critical, and, though he treats the described rocks from no new point of view, he discusses them with great thoroughness, calling attention at the same time to the important diagnostic features of dynamically metamorphosed rocks. Petrographical News.-Ransome has discovered a new mineral, constituting an important component of a schist occurring in the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin Co., Cal. The other components of the schist are pale epidote, actinolite, glaucophane and red garnets. The new mineral, lawsonite, is orthorhombic with an axial ratio .6652:1: .7385, a hardness of 8 and a density 3.084. The axial angle is 2V= 84° 6' for sodium light. Its symbol is H, Ca Al, Si,O10 J. F. Kemp and Arthur Hollick: N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 638. 'Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., B.B. IX, p. 509. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 1, p. 301. |