836-915. Opis now executes the command of Diana (see above, 591, 592) by slaying Arruns. The Latin cavalry, after the fall of Camilla, retreats to the walls of Laurentum, and the foremost of the fugitives crowd into the gates. But the gates are hastily shut, and many are left to perish at the hands of the pursuers before the walls. Turnus abandons his ambuscade, and hastens to the rescue, while the Trojan infantry under Aeneas passes through the defile in safety, and appears before Laurentum. Both the Trojans and Latins then encamp for the night.

847. Famam-inultae; nor shalt thou suffer the wrong (infamy) of being unavenged; literally, of one unavenged.- -850. Dercenni; an unknown king of Latium.- -854. Vana tumentem; swelling with arrogance.- -858. Threissa; as a huntress.- -861. Manibus aequis; with equal hands here means the two hands brought into one line.- -880. Inimica super premit turba; besides (the danger from the enemy) the perilous (inimica) throng (of their own countrymen) crushes them. This is Forbiger's interpretation. Others refer inimica turba to the pursuers, a portion of whom might mingle with the fugitives entering the gates.- -892. Monstrat; teaches; shows them how to defend themselves. The following words, ut videre Camillam, are included by some in the parenthesis, and thus made to qualify monstrat. -904. Apertos; unoccupied by the enemy.- -913. Gurgite Hibero; in the Iberian (or Spanish) sea; i. e. in that part of the ocean which is adjacent to Spain.

BOOK XII.

The final conflict between Aeneas and Turnus.

1-133. Turnus, seeing the Latins now exhausted and hopeless, resolves, in spite of the earnest remonstrances of Latinus and Amata, to make an end of the contest by single combat with Aeneas. The latter accepts the proposition, a solemn compact is entered into by the hostile parties, and all the preparations are made for the fight. 1. Infractos. Comp. v. 784, ix. 499.- -5. Ille. See on x. 707.7. Latronis; i. e. the huntsman, who has come upon the lion by stealth. -13. Concipe foedus; draw up the compact; make it in the customary language, or, verbis ex more conceptis.- -16. Crimen commune; the common complaint. See xi. 215 sqq. I will silence the common accusation that I am involving the whole nation in a ruinous war; I will individually encounter the whole danger.- -26. Animo; supply tuo.--31. Genero; Aeneas, to whom Lavinia had been promised in marriage. See vii. 267 sqq.- -32. Illo; supply tempore.—35. Recalent; re often denotes, according to Wagner, not a repetition, but a mere change of state; here the sense is not 'again heated," but merely "heated," as a changed condition;-no longer cold.-37. Que-toties; whereto do I so often turn away (from my purpose)? namely, of giving Lavinia to Aeneas.- -39. Incolumi; supply TurNo.- -43. Res bello varias; fortunes varying in war. Comp. x. 160.44. Longe; like procul, only a relative term; far from thee in thy perils;for any distance under such circumstances is "far."- -46. Medendo. See Gr. § 275, R. 2; Z. § 658.- -52, 53. Quae tegat, occulat; before these words the idea of quam vocabit is involved. Fully expressed: He will not be aided by his mother, whom he will call upon that she may cover him, (sese,) &c. For the subj. see Gr. § 266, 3; Z. § 545.-55. Moritura; resolved to die. Comp. iv. 604, xi. 741.- 74. Neque-mortis; nor indeed is any delay of death (if that awaits me) left to (free to) Turnus. He has no power to delay death.- -82. Ante ora. Comp. ii. 531, v. 553.- -83. Orithyia; O-ri-thy-ia; the wife of Boreas.- -87. Dehine; here dě-hinc.-88. Aptat habendo; he makes ready by handling; ascertains by handling whether all are in good order; so Forbiger. Heyne makes habendo in the dative.—100. Vibratos; crisped; made to appear waving. -101, 102. Ab ore absistunt; leap forth from his countenance.—104. Irasci in cornua; to collect his rage for fighting with his horns. Forbiger.- -115. Lucem; for ignes.—118. Focos; a focus, or receptacle for coals, is placed upon the altar of turf.-119. Fontem; living water must be used for washing, before sacrifices are made.—120. Velati limo; girded with the apron; with the covering worn about the abdomen by those who killed the victims

and performed other subordinate duties at a sacrifice. Hence they were called limocincti.

134-281. Juturna, the sister of Turnus, is advised by Juno to prevent by some means the proposed between Aeneas and Turnus, as it will prove fatal to the latter. Meantime Laas and Aeneas enter upon the solemn ceremonies of the covenant of peace. Juturna takes the form of Camers, and, while the sacred rites are proceeding, excites the compassion of the Latins for Turnus. When they are thus incited, Tolumnius hurls his spear into the midst of the allies of Aeneas and slays one of their number.

138. Turni sororem; Juturna; she was properly the nymph of a fountain which flowed from the foot of the Alban mount, and, after forming a lake, descended into the Tiber. She was numbered among the native deities of Latium.148. Cedere; for bene cedere; to prosper.Latio; to Latium; i. e. to the Latins.- -152. Praesentius; more advantageous.— 159. Auctor; adviser or abettor.-161. Reges; of the omission of the verb (eunt or vehuntur) here, Thiel remarks, that the poet expresses the general substantive first, and after it places the individual substantives (Latinus, Turnus) in the same case with it; omitting the verb with the general term, and connecting it with the individual substantives in the singular; a construction which is not unusual in such cases.) -164. Solis avi specimen; an emblem of the sun, his ancestor. It is implied that Latinus has derived his parentage, on one side, from Circe, the daughter of the sun. Some identify Marica (see vii. 47) with Circe.—Bigis albis; in a chariot with white horses. See above, 84.-173, 174. Tempora notant; they mark the sacrificial victims simply by cutting off the hairs on the forehead. See on iv. 698.180. Pater. Comp. iii. 35.-Torques; controllest.—181, 182. Quae religio; whatever (there is) divine in the lofty air; whatever attribute of the aether demands religious adoration.- -187. Nostrum Martem = secundum Martem; successful conflict. See on nostro, ii. 396.192. Sacra-dabo; I will assign (to the newly confederated people) their sacred rites and their gods; I will claim only to make the worship of Vesta and the Trojan penates the paramount religion. As to Latinus, let him be supreme in war and also retain his wonted (solemne) authority in civil affairs.197. Terram, etc. For the omission of per, see on vi. 324. -198. Genus duplex; the twin offspring; Apollo and Diana.-200. Fulmine sancit; Jupiter sanctions treaties by punishing the violators of them with his thunderbolt.- -201. Medios; in the midst; placed on the top of the altar, and in the midst of the top.—-206. Ut; so truly as. 209. Matre; its parent trunk.- -216. Videri; histórical infinitive.—218. Non viribus aequis; Wagner makes this an ablative of quality limiting eos understood. Translate the passage, when they more nearly (from a nearer point of view) perceive that they are of unequal strength.- -219. Adjuvat; -227. Haud nescia rerum; knowing

i. e. varium illum animorum motum.well how to take advantage of the occasion.-232. Fatalis manus; the

band led by fate; referring to the Etrurians, who had been led by their be lief in signs and prophecies to adopt Aeneas as their fated leader. Juturna is supposed by several commentators to use the words ironically.—233. Alterni; two by two; bini; there is hardly one for every two of us.234. Ille, &c. Turnus will be exalted in fame to the gods, to the defence of whose altars he now devotes himself. For he defends them against Aeneas, who is intending to overthrow the altars of the native gods, and establish his own gods in Latium. See above, 192.- -242, 243. Foedusinfectum; wish the peace unmade.- -245. Praesentius; more effective.

246. Monstro; augurio; by the supernatural token; namely, the signum. -250. Improbus; ravenous.- -256. Flavio; for the dative, see on i. 6. -258. Expediunt manus; prepare their hands. Proprie quidem arma expediuntur, sed quia hoc per manus fit, ipsae manus hic expediri dicuntur. Heyne.- -268. Simul hoc, etc.; at once this (occurred) and a great (battle) shout (arose), &c. 269. Cunci; the assembly. Comp. v. 664.-274. Laterum juncturas; the joining of the ends; the extremities of the belt which the clasp confines together (mordet.)

282-382. Both parties rush to arms, tearing down the altars, while Latinus flees to the city. Aeneas, while trying in vain to calm the tumult, is wounded by a random arrow, and is thus compelled to abstain for a season from the fight, while Turnus, taking advantage of his absence, slays a multitude of the Trojans and their allies.

291. Adverso equo; by spurring his horse against him; literally, with his horse against him. −292, 293. Oppositis, etc.; he is thrown upon his head and shoulders against the altar standing behind (a tergo) in his way, (ob.)- -296. Hoe habet; this (wound) he has. Habet, or hoc habet, is the usual Latin form with combatants for "he has got it."- -Hacc melior. Comp. v. 483.-298. Corynacus; a Trojan priest. See vi. 228.- -299. Ebuso; perhaps an Etruscan who has come to the war under Mezentius. The Etruscans wore the beard long.- -304. Alsum; a Latin.-316. Faxo. Gr. § 162, 9, note; Z. § 161.- -326. Poscit. Turnus summons his charioteer, Metiscus, but in his eagerness seizes and handles (molitur) the reins himself. -Superbus; audacious; assuming new spirit.- -331. Hebri. See on i. 317. Mars was the god of Thrace. See iii. 35.- -336. Irae, insidiae; these words Forbiger takes in the nominative plural, rather than in the genitive after ora. -338. Quatit; for incitat.Miserabile; for miserabiliter.365. Edoni; Thracian.- -370. Adverso curru; a causal ablative; the car running against the wind makes his crest wave.— 371. Non tulit; did not endure. Phegeus threw himself against the horses of Turnus, and attempted to turn them aside by seizing the rein; but he is himself borne along by the horses.

383-499. Iapis in the mean time strives in vain to extract the arrow from the wound of Aeneas. He is relieved at last through the interposition of Venus, and, after embracing Ascanius, hastens from the camp to the field, followed by Antheus, Mnestheus, Achates, and many heroes. His captains engage at once in the fight, while

he seeks Turnus alone.

But Juturna, assuming the appearance and office of the charioteer, Metiscus, skilfully keeps her brother's chariot beyond the reach of Aeneas

Wagner, folafter nitentem, See Gr. § 232;

386. Supporting his alternate steps with his long spear. lowed by Thiel and Forbiger, makes gressus the accusative in accordance with such phrases as viam ire, vitam vivere, &c. Z. § 384.- -387. Infracta; broken. Comp. x. 731, and note.- 388. Auxilio viam; the means of relief.—389, 390. Secent, rescindant, remittant; the subjunctive depends on poscit.—394. Dabat; for dare volebat. -395. Ut -parentis; that he might postpone the death of his parent just dying; literally, laid down. A man dangerously sick was sometimes, as a last resort, laid down by the side of his door, that passers-by might have an opportunity of suggesting any remedy.- –398. Acerba; adverbially. Comp. torva, vi. 467.

-401. Paeonium; Jahn regards the o as short by poetic license; but Heyne makes three syllables, Pae-o-nyum. "The Paeonian custom; "that is, the custom of physicians, the servants of Apollo, who were wont to gird themselves when examining and dressing wounds.- -408. Stare; here, to be filled. See on vi. 300.- -413. Puberibus; mature; neither too old nor too young; neither dry nor milky.414. Non incognita capris; the wild goats of Crete, when wounded with poisoned arrows, were said to be healed by eating the dictamnum, which caused the poisoned arrow to fall out of the wound.- -417. Hoc, etc.; with this she stains the water (amnem) which had been poured (fusum) into the shining vases. Running or river water had been placed in vessels near at hand.- -Labris is the dative for in labra.-422. Quippe; for certe.— -432. Habilis; fitted.—433. Fusis circum; for circumfusis.-437. Inter praemia ducet; shall lead thee to the rewards (the glorious prizes of my conflict.) Inter implies here both to and amidst; as if Ascanius were surrounded with the prizes of victory, and passing along from one to another.- -438-440. Facito ut sis, et excitet.450. Rapit; swiftly leads on.———— -451. Abrupto sidere; for abrupta nube; a bold metonymy suggested by the notion that storms are occasioned by the influence of the stars.- -456. Rhoeteïus; Trojan. See iii. 108.-465. Pede aequo; with equal foot; in fair encounter, face to face, as opposed to aversos. -Ferentes; for inferentes. -469. Media inter lora; while he is in the midst of his task or duty of managing the reins.- -481. Legit; traverses. -489. Levis cursu; quick or sudden in his onset.—491. Se— arma. See on x. 412.- -495. Equos, currum; the horses and chariot of

Turnus.

500-613. While Aeneas and Turnus in different parts of the field are slaying all those they encounter, Aeneas conceives the idea of attacking Laurentum. Accordingly he leaves the Etruscans and Arcadians to occupy the enemy, and forming a pha lanx of his Trojans, advances to the assault. The Latins in the city are terrified and distracted, and in the midst of their panic are still more agitated on learning that the queen, Amata, in her despair has hung herself.

501. Diversas; in different places.-508. Crates pectoris; another