Translate, nor thus (nor so vigorously as the Trojan sailors) do the charioteers shake the flowing reins over (to) the horses running at full speed, and bend forward to the lash; literally, inclining hang for or unto blows; for giving blows. Charioteers stood up and leaned over towards the horses; so they are represented in ancient statuary.- -149. Consonat; is filled with the sound. 149, 150. Inclusa litora; the shores shut in; wooded hills enclose the shore, and thus the shouting is the more loudly re-echoed.150. Resultant; reverberate.- -152. Turbam inter fremitumque; amidst the crowd (the press of the ships) and confused shouting; Gyas shoots forward from between the other galleys, which are crowded together, while the din of voices and the noise of the oars add to the confusion.-153. Melior remis; superior in his oarsmen.- -Pinus; the ship.-154. Aequo discrimine; at an equal distance from the Scylla.- -155. Locum priorem ; they are running side by side, each striving to get before the other.157, 158. Junetis frontibus; with even prows.- -158. Longa sulcant vada carina; they furrow the briny waters with their long keels, (with the long keel.) Some editions have longe; far along; but comp. x. 197.—-159. Metam tenebat; were nearing the goal; epexegetical. 160. Princeps; foremost; i. e. in the race thus far.Gurgite; the boiling waves. -162. Quo abis? whither are you bearing away so much to the right?- -Dexter here, like medius above, 76 et al., agrees with the subject, and designates the situation or direction. -Mihi is the dativus ethicus.- -Gressum; course. -163. Ama; hug the shore and let the oar blade graze the rocks on the left. For stringat, depending on sine, suffer, see Gr. § 262, R. 4. They turn the goal to the left and gain time by making the turn as near to it as possible.- -165. Pelagi; of the deep water.- -166. Diversus, for in diversam partem; a usage similar to that of dexter, above.—Iterum ; again cried (called back) Gyas with a shout, "steer for the rocks." The particle re signifies here back to the proper track.—168. Respicit; he looks back and sees; literally, he looks back upon.- -Instantem tergo; pressing upon the stern of his ship.—Propiora; the places or course nearer the goal. -170. Radit iter; shoots along the left-hand way.- -Interior; between Gyas and the rocks. Comp. xi. 695.- -Priorem; the one in advance of him; the just now princeps Gyas.- –172. Juveni; in the dative instead of the genitive.—174. Socium salutis; his comrades would be in danger without a pilot to guide the ship.- -175. Puppi ab alta; the pilot's seat was elevated above the deck at the extreme "after part" of the ship.- -176. Rector, magister; helmsman, pilot.- -178. Gravis; moving slowly.- -179. Jam senior; this is one reason for gravis; another is fluens; dripping.-181, 182. Risere et rident; they laughed at him both when sinking and when swimming, and they (now) laugh at him (seated on the rock) and belching the salt waves from his breast.- -183. Hic; an adverb of time; now. -Duobus; dative after accensa est, but not from any governing power here in the preposition ad.- -184. Mnesthei; for this

re.

form of the dative, see Gr. § 86. The word is here a dissyllable.—Saperare depends on the phrase spes est accensa, for sperabant or caeperunt spera-185. Ante stands before locum without governing it; comp. super, ii. 348; the place before (that of the other); nor yet was he first by the whole keel preceding.- -187. Rostro; with her beak; her beak is close opposite to the side of the Centaur.——190. Hectorei; Hectorean; a more exciting term than Dardanidae; for it reminds them that they are both kinsmen and companions of the great Hector.- -Sorte suprema; in the final overthrow.- -192. Gaetulis syrtibus; on the African quicksands; these and the Ionian sea and Malean promontory are mentioned as the most trying dangers they had met with. Malea, now St. Angelo, the southern promontory of Laconia, was so dangerous that it became a synonyme for dangerous navigation. Taubmann quotes the proverb used by Erasmus: Maleam legens, quae domi sunt oblivisci; to forget the dangers at home, while coasting by Malea.- -193. Sequacibus undis; on the waves (of Malea) closely crowding on each other. -194. Prima; used substantively; тà πрwτeîα; the first prize. Mnestheus; even I Mnestheus, a Trojan prince, ask nothing more. -195. Quamquam; for the aposiapesis or interruptio, see on i. 135.-Hot; win this; so far as this; referring to the preceding words pudeat extremos rediisse; thus far conquer, friends. Others make hoc agree with nefas; put down this disgrace, friends; forbid this shame.-—199. Subtrahitur solum; the surface of the sea is drawn beneath them; their speed is so furious that the water itself appears to be in swift motion, like a river, and to sweep away beneath the vessel. Solum is applied to the surface of the sea.199, 200. Tum―rivis; from the Iliad, xvi. 109, 110.- -201. Ipse casus; chance itself.—202. Furens animi. Gr. § 213, R. 1, (a); Z. § 437.203. Iniquo; too narrow; there was not room enough between the Pristis on his right and the rocks on his left.- -204. Procurrentibus ; rocks jutting out; but covered by the water, and hence caeca, as they are called in 164. -205. Murice; the oars striking (having struggled) on the jagged rock were broken with a crash. Crepuere here expresses our conversational term were smashed. Murex, a kind of shell-fish which terminates in a sharp point; hence applied to sharp-pointed rocks.- -206. Illisa; the prow having been dashed on the rocks hung suspended. Whenever the waves receded or returned, the other part of the ship vibrated up and down, or from side to side, but not the prow.- -207. Magno clamore morantur; they delay with a great outcry; the idea is that finding themselves suddenly delayed in the race, they express their vexation and alarm in confused clamors. At the same time they strive to push the galley from the rocks and gather up the broken oars from the water.- -211. Agmine remorum, for remigio; with the movement of the oars. -Ventisque vocatis; and having invoked the winds; he employs therefore both sails and oars.— -212. Prona maria, for aequora secunda; favorable waters; that is, the waters now unobstructed by any rock or ship in the way; a clear and open sea.

Some take prona literally; inclining, or sloping, downward, towards the shore; such being the appearance of the surface of the water when seen from land.- -215, 216. Exterrita tecto; frightened from her home (in the hollow rocks.)- -Plausum pennis dat ingentem; claps aloud her wings.Ingentem is said in contrast with the still motion of the bird which immedi ately follows; the noise in itself is not ingens.218. Sic Mnestheus; sc Mnestheus, so the Pristis herself.- -218, 219. Ultima aequora; the farthest part of the course, at the goal.- -220. In scopulo alto; on the high projecting rock; procurrentibus saxis. Comp. 204. Alto is said relatively to the general level of the surrounding sea.— -221. Vadis; the shallows about the rock.- -224. Consequitur; overtakes.- -Cedit; she falls behind; allows the other ship to pass her.- -227. Cuncti; all the spectators.- -Sequentem; Mnesthea or illum understood.- -228. Studiis; with ardent applause.229. Proprium; the crew of the Scylla regard the victory as already their own. -Partum ; (already) won; which they have secured.231. Hos alit; success strengthens these; the crew of Mnestheus. Comp. succesu acrior ipso, 210. The same idea is contained in the following words: possunt quia posse videntur; their very prospect of victory increases their power; they can (so much the more) because they think they can.-232. Fors-forsitan; perhaps; as in ii. 139.—233. Ponto; to (or towards) the sea; for ad pontum. Comp. i. 6.- -Utrasque; for utramque or ambas;

so below, 855, and vi. 685. The plural is properly used only when each of the two objects referred to is plural.-234. In vota; to his vows; to bear witness to his vows. A vow or conditional promise was attached to a prayer; some offering was to be made on condition that the gods should fulfil the wishes of the suppliant. If the prayer is answered, the suppliant will then be bound to fulfil his promise,-bound by his vow-reus, or damnatus, voti; the genitive voti in this phrase is under Gr. § 213, R. 1, (adjectives denoting guilt or innocence,) and § 217, R. 3, (b); Z. § 446, note 1. The expression votis vocare, to call with vows or prayers, (see i. 290, where votis is merely the manner,) must be distinguished from in vota vocare.235. Aequora; the accusative after curro, I traverse, taken transitively. See Gr. § 232, (2); Z. § 383.—238. Porriciam ; a term used especially in religious language. Varro de re rust., 1, 29: exta deis quum dabant, porricere dicebant. -Liquentia; the i is short in the first syllable. Comp. i. 432. 240. Nereïdum; the Nereids were the daughters of Nereus and Doris, said to be fifty in number.-Phorci; Phorcus; the son of Pontus and Gaia, and brother of Nereus.-Panopea virgo; the virgin Panopea; one of the nymphs conspicuous in their number.- -241. Manu magna; with his great hand; as below, 487. Gods and heroes were larger than mere men.- -Portunus, or Portumnus, was the Roman name of the Grecian Melicertes. His peculiar office was to protect vessels coming into port. The term pater is applied to most of the deities, as here to Portunus.Euntem; join with illam (the ship) understood.-243. Fugit, condidit;

this combination of the historical present with the perfect, without any im

portant difference of meaning, is frequent in poetry.Alto; receding; deep inland; withdrawing back far from the sea.— -244. Ex often signifies according to; growing out of, originating from.Cunctis; all, that is, who had been engaged in the contest.- -246. Advelat; less commonplace than cingit.-247, 248. Optare, ferre; for optandos, ferendum; he presents several bullocks, three of which are to be chosen by each of the four (some understand three) commanders for his own crew. -248. Vina-talentum; he gives wine and a great talent of silver to be carried; also to each of the four ships. -250. Auratam; interwoven with gold; auri subtemine.-250, 251. Quam-cucurrit; Melicertes, or Portunus. freely translated, "around which ran a waving border of Meliboean purple in two broad stripes."- -Plurima, literally, very much, agreeing with purpura, refers to the width of the border.Maeandro duplici; in a double maze; in two meandering and parallel lines. The Meander is a river of Asia Minor, remarkable for its winding course. –Meliboca, (used here adjectively,) was a town on the coast of Thessaly. -252. Intextus; embroidered upon it. Two scenes are represented on the mantle; one the chase, in which Ganymede is hunting the stag on Mount Ida; in the other the eagle of Jupiter is bearing Ganymede up to the sky.—254. Anhelanti similis; like one panting; the picture is life-like.

-Ab Ida; join with rapuit.- -255. Jovis armiger; the eagle was represented as bearing in his claws the thunderbolts of Jupiter; just as in our national ensign he bears a bunch of arrows.— -256. Longaevi; the old men, guardians of the youth, are stretching their hands in despair towards the cagle as he ascends, while the dogs, resting on their haunches, bark furiously at the supposed bird of prey.- -257. In auras; because they are looking upwards.- -258. Qui deinde; Mnestheus.- -259. Hamis consertam sq. See on the same words, iii. 467.—260. Ipse; Aeneas.— -261. Ilio alto; an instance of hiatus. The o is made short. See Gr. § 305, (2). -262. Habere; for habendam.. -Viro; in apposition with huic; to him,

a hero. 266. Lebetas. Gr. § 86.-267. Aspera signis; embossed with figures; caelata.- -269. Taeniis; scanned here as a dissyllable. The wreaths were formed of leaves held together by fillets, which also bound them to the head. See on 110.- -270. Arte implies both skill and labor.

-271. Ordine debilis uno; literally, crippled in respect to one row; but nearly all the best commentators take ordine here for latere; in respect to one side; for all the oars on the left side were lost or broken. By a natural turn of language the terms rescued and crippled are applied to the com

mander himself, Sergests, instead of the ship. So now we often hear nautical men, when watching a vessel at a distance, say, "he has lost his top

mast,'

," "he's coming round," and the like, having in mind the captain as representing the vessel.Comp. i. 430, and note.

-272. Irrisam; disgraced.- -273. Qualis. -Saepe; as in i. 148.- -Viae in aggere; not on the raised part of the road, but simply on the raised surface of the road. The highway, especially with the Romans, is an agger, a post road so constructed as often to rise above the ground on either side.- -274. Obliquum; lying across the track.-Icta; join with gravis; heavy with his blows; i. e. who deals heavy blows.- -275. Saxo; with a stone; join with both adjectives, seminecem and lacerum; mangled and half killed with the stone. -276-279. Nequidquam-plicantem; in vain he throws forth long wreaths with his body, while attempting to flec; in one part fierce, glowing with his eyes and stretching high his hissing neck; (the other) part crippled by the